Umgomo Osebenzayo Wethuluzi Lokuphotha - Ukukhulula kanye Nokubopha Ezikhungweni Zomshini ze-CNC
Abstract: Leli phepha lichaza kabanzi ngesakhiwo esiyisisekelo kanye nomgomo wokusebenza wethuluzi lokuphotha elixegayo kanye nendlela yokubopha ezikhungweni zemishini ye-CNC, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene, inqubo yokusebenza, kanye nemingcele ebalulekile. Ihlose ukuhlaziya ngokujulile indlela yangaphakathi yalo msebenzi obalulekile, inikeze izinkomba zethiyori zabasebenzi bezobuchwepheshe abafanelekile, ibasize baqonde kangcono futhi bagcine uhlelo lokuphotha lwezikhungo zemishini ye-CNC, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokunemba kwenqubo yokwenza imishini.
I. Isingeniso
Umsebenzi wokukhulula ithuluzi lokuphotha nokubopha ezikhungweni zemishini uyisisekelo esibalulekile sezikhungo zokwenza imishini ye-CNC ukuze kuzuzwe ukumishini okuzenzakalelayo. Nakuba kunomehluko othile ekwakhekeni kwayo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza phakathi kwamamodeli ahlukene, uhlaka oluyisisekelo luyefana. Ucwaningo olunzulu ngesimiso salo sokusebenza lubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwezikhungo zemishini, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomshini, nokuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwemishini.
II. Isakhiwo Esiyisisekelo
Indlela yokukhulula ithuluzi lokuphotha kanye nokubopha ezikhungweni zemishini ye-CNC ikakhulukazi iqukethe lezi zingxenye ezilandelayo:
- I-Pull Stud: Ifakwe emsileni we-shank ecijile yethuluzi, iyisakhi esiyisihluthulelo sokuxhuma induku yokudonsa ukuze iqinise ithuluzi. Isebenzisana namabhola ensimbi ekhanda lenduku yokudonsa ukuze kuzuzwe ukuma nokubopha ithuluzi.
- I-Pull Rod: Ngokusebenzelana ne-pull stud ngamabhola ensimbi, idlulisa amandla aqinile kanye ne-thrust ukuze ibone ukubopha nokuxegisa kwethuluzi. Ukunyakaza kwayo kulawulwa i-piston neziphethu.
- I-Pulley: Ivamise ukusebenza njengengxenye emaphakathi yokudluliswa kwamandla, kumshini wokukhulula ithuluzi lokuphotha kanye ne-clamping, ingase ibandakanyeke kuzixhumanisi zokudlulisela ezishayela ukunyakaza kwezingxenye ezihlobene. Isibonelo, ingase ixhunywe ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic noma ezinye izinto zokushayela ukushayela ukunyakaza kwezingxenye ezifana ne-piston.
- I-Belleville Spring: Yakhiwe ngamapheya amaningi amaqabunga entwasahlobo, iyisici esibalulekile sokukhiqiza amandla acindezelayo ethuluzi. Amandla alo anwebekayo anamandla angaqinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lizinzile ngaphakathi kwembobo ecijile ye-spindle phakathi nenqubo yomshini, okuqinisekisa ukunemba komshini.
- I-Lock Nut: Isetshenziselwa ukulungisa izingxenye ezifana nentwasahlobo yase-Belleville ukuze ivinjwe ukuthi ingaxegi phakathi nenqubo yokusebenza futhi iqinisekise ukuqina nokuthembeka kwayo yonke indlela yokukhulula ithuluzi nokubopha.
- Ukulungisa i-Shim: Ngokugaya i-shim yokulungisa, isimo sokuxhumana phakathi kwenduku yokudonsa kanye ne-pull stud ekugcineni kwe-stroke ye-piston singalawulwa ngokunembile, kuqinisekiswe ukuxegiswa okushelelayo nokuqiniswa kwethuluzi. Idlala indima ebalulekile ekulungisweni okunembayo kwayo yonke indlela yokukhulula ithuluzi nokubopha.
- I-Coil Spring: Idlala indima enqubweni yokuxegisa ithuluzi futhi isiza ukunyakaza kwepiston. Isibonelo, lapho i-piston ihambela phansi ukuze isunduze induku yokudonsa ukuze ixegise ithuluzi, isiphethu sekhoyili sinikeza amandla athile okunwebeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushelela nokuthembeka kwesenzo.
- I-Piston: Iyingxenye yokusebenzisa amandla kumshini wokukhulula ithuluzi kanye nokubopha. Iqhutshwa umfutho we-hydraulic, iya phezulu naphansi, bese ishayela induku yokudonsa ukuze ibone ukubopha nokuxegisa kwethuluzi. Ukulawula okunembayo kwe-stroke kanye ne-thrust kubalulekile kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhulula ithuluzi nokubopha.
- Ukushintsha Umkhawulo 9 kanye no-10: Asetshenziswa ngokulandelanayo ukuze athumele amasiginali okuqinisa ithuluzi nokuxegiswa. Lezi zimpawu zibuyiselwa ohlelweni lwe-CNC ukuze isistimu ikwazi ukulawula ngokunembile inqubo yokwenza imishini, iqinisekise inqubekelaphambili edidiyelwe yenqubo ngayinye, futhi igweme izingozi zomshini ezibangelwa ukungahluleli kahle kwesimo sokubopha ithuluzi.
- I-Pulley: Ngokufana ne-pulley eshiwo entweni yesi-3 ngenhla, ibamba iqhaza ohlelweni lokudlulisela ndawonye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukudluliswa kwamandla okuzinzile futhi inike amandla zonke izingxenye zendlela yokukhulula ithuluzi nokubopha ukuze zisebenze ngokubambisana ngokohlelo olunqunywe kusengaphambili.
- Ikhava Yokugcina: Idlala indima yokuvikela nokuvala ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kokuphotha, ukuvimbela ukungcola okunjengothuli nama-chips ukuthi kungangeni ingaphakathi le-spindle futhi kuthinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwendlela yokukhulula ithuluzi nokubopha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ihlinzeka ngendawo yokusebenza ezinzile yezingxenye zangaphakathi.
- I-Adjusting Screw: Ingasetshenziswa ukwenza izinguquko ezinhle ezindaweni noma ekukhishweni kwezinye izingxenye ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwethuluzi lokuxegisa kanye nendlela yokubopha futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi igcina isimo sokusebenza esinembayo esiphezulu ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside.
III. Isimiso Sokusebenza
(I) Inqubo Yokubamba Ithuluzi
Lapho isikhungo somshini sisesimweni esivamile somshini, akukho ukucindezela kwamafutha we-hydraulic ekugcineni kwe-piston 8. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-coil spring 7 isesimweni esinwetshiwe ngokwemvelo, futhi amandla ayo okunwebeka enza i-piston 8 ikhuphukele phezulu endaweni ethile. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Belleville spring 4 nayo idlala indima. Ngenxa yezici zayo ezinwebekayo, i-Belleville spring 4 iphusha induku yokudonsa engu-2 ukuze iye phezulu, ukuze amabhola ensimbi angu-4 asekhanda le-pull rod 2 angene emseleni we-annular groove emsileni we-shank's pull stud 1. Ngokushumekwa kwamabhola ensimbi, amandla acindezelayo e-Belleville agudluzwe 1 futhi adonse i-Belleville 2 ku-4 idonsa amabhola ensimbi, ngaleyo ndlela ebambe ngokuqinile i-shank yethuluzi futhi abone ukuma okunembayo nokubopha okuqinile kwethuluzi ngaphakathi kwembobo ecijile yokuphotha. Le ndlela yokubopha isebenzisa amandla anamandla okunwebeka anamandla entwasahlobo yase-Belleville futhi inganikeza amandla anele okuqinisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ithuluzi ngeke lixege ngaphansi kwesenzo sokujikeleza kwesivinini esikhulu namandla okusika, okuqinisekisa ukunemba komshini nokuzinza.
(II) Inqubo Yokukhulula Ithuluzi
Uma kudingekile ukuguqula ithuluzi, isistimu ye-hydraulic icushiwe, futhi uwoyela we-hydraulic ungena ekugcineni ophansi we-piston 8, okhiqiza ukukhuphuka phezulu. Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-hydraulic thrust, i-piston 8 inqoba amandla okunwebeka e-coil spring 7 bese iqala ukuya phansi. Ukuya phansi kwepiston 8 kuphusha induku yokudonsa 2 ukuze iye phansi ngokuhambisanayo. Njengoba induku yokudonsa 2 iya phansi, amabhola ensimbi ayakhishwa emseleni we-annular ngasemsileni we-shank's pull stud 1 bese ungena endaweni eyi-annular engxenyeni engenhla yembobo engemuva ecijile yokuphotha. Ngalesi sikhathi, amabhola ensimbi awasenawo umphumela wokuvimbela ku-pull stud 1, futhi ithuluzi liyakhululwa. Lapho isikhohlisi sikhipha i-shank yamathuluzi ku-spindle, umoya ocindezelwe uzovunguza ngezimbobo ezimaphakathi zepistoni kanye nentonga yokudonsa ukuze kuhlanzeke ukungcola okunjengama-chips nothuli embotsheni ecijile yokuphotha, ukulungiselela ukufakwa kwethuluzi elilandelayo.
(III) Iqhaza Lokushintsha Komkhawulo
Amaswishi anomkhawulo 9 kanye no-10 adlala indima ebalulekile ekuphenduleni kwesignali kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhulula ithuluzi nokubopha. Lapho ithuluzi liboshiwe endaweni, ukushintsha kwendawo yezingxenye ezifanele kubangela ukushintshwa komkhawulo ongu-9, futhi umkhawulo wokushintsha u-9 uthumela ngokushesha isignali yokubamba ithuluzi ohlelweni lwe-CNC. Ngemva kokuthola lesi siginali, isistimu ye-CNC iqinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lisesimeni esiqinile sokubopha futhi lingaqala imisebenzi elandelayo yomshini, njengokujikeleza kokuphotha nokuphakelayo kwamathuluzi. Ngokufanayo, lapho isenzo sokukhulula ithuluzi sesiqediwe, umkhawulo we-switch 10 uyaqaliswa, futhi uthumela isignali yokukhulula ithuluzi ohlelweni lwe-CNC. Ngalesi sikhathi, uhlelo lwe-CNC lungakwazi ukulawula isikhohlisi ukwenza umsebenzi wokushintsha ithuluzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzenzakalela kanye nokunemba kwayo yonke inqubo yokushintsha ithuluzi.
(IV) Amapharamitha Abalulekile Namaphuzu Omklamo
- I-Tensioning Force: Isikhungo somshini we-CNC sisebenzisa isamba esingamapheya angama-34 (izingcezu ezingama-68) eziphethwini zase-Belleville, ezingadala amandla anamandla acindezelayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, amandla acindezelayo okuqinisa ithuluzi ngu-10 kN, futhi angafinyelela ku-13 kN. Idizayini yamandla acindezelayo anjalo yanele ukubhekana namandla ahlukahlukene okusika namandla amaphakathi asebenza ethuluzini phakathi nenqubo yokumayinini, iqinisekisa ukulungiswa okuzinzile kwethuluzi ngaphakathi kwembobo ecijile yokuphotha, ukuvimbela ithuluzi ukuthi lingagudluki noma liwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokwenza imishini, futhi ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekisa ukunemba komshini kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu.
- I-Piston Stroke: Uma ushintsha ithuluzi, i-stroke ye-piston 8 ingu-12 mm. Phakathi nalesi sifo esingu-12-mm, ukunyakaza kwepiston kuhlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili. Okokuqala, ngemva kokuba ipiston iqhubekele phambili cishe ngo-4 mm, iqala ukusunduza induku yokudonsa 2 ukuze ihambe kuze kube yilapho amabhola ensimbi engena endaweni eyi-annular Φ37-mm engxenyeni engenhla yembobo ecijile yokuphotha. Ngalesi sikhathi, ithuluzi liqala ukuxega. Ngokulandelayo, induku yokudonsa iyaqhubeka yehla kuze kube yilapho indawo ethi “a” yenduku yokudonsa ithinta phezulu kwesigxobo sokudonsa, iphushela ngokuphelele ithuluzi embobeni ecijile yokuphotha ukuze isikhohlisi sikwazi ukususa ithuluzi ngokushelela. Ngokulawula kahle ukushaywa kwe-piston, ukuxegisa nokubopha izenzo zethuluzi kungaqedwa ngokunembile, kugwenywe izinkinga ezifana nokunganele noma ukushaywa ngokweqile okungase kuholele ekubambeni okuxekethile noma ekungakwazini ukuxegisa ithuluzi.
- Ukucindezelwa Kokuthintana Nezidingo Zezinto Ezibalulekile: Njengoba amabhola ensimbi angu-4, indawo eyikholika ye-pull stud, ingaphezulu lembobo yokuphotha, kanye nezimbobo lapho amabhola ensimbi atholakala khona athwala ingcindezi enkulu yokuxhumana phakathi nenqubo yokusebenza, izidingo eziphakeme zibekwe ezintweni kanye nobulukhuni bobuso balezi zingxenye. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwamandla emabholeni ensimbi, izimbobo lapho amabhola ensimbi angu-4 atholakala khona kufanele aqinisekiswe ngokuqinile ukuthi asendizeni efanayo. Imvamisa, lezi zingxenye ezibalulekile zizothatha izinto eziqinile, ezinokuqina okuphezulu, nezingagugi futhi zibhekane nezinqubo eziqondile zokwelashwa kwemishini kanye nokushisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwazo kobuso nokumelana nokugqokwa, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izindawo zokuthintana zezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zingagcina isimo esihle sokusebenza ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa isikhathi eside nokusetshenziswa njalo, ukunciphisa ukuguga nokuguqulwa, nokwandisa impilo yesevisi ye-clamping kanye ne-clamping mechanism.
IV. Isiphetho
Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo kanye nomgomo wokusebenza wethuluzi lokuphotha lokuthukulula nokubopha ezikhungweni zemishini ye-CNC zakha isistimu eyinkimbinkimbi neyinkimbinkimbi. Ingxenye ngayinye ibambisana futhi ixhumane eduze enye kwenye. Ngomklamo onembile wemishini kanye nezakhiwo zemishini ezihlakaniphile, ukugoqa okusheshayo nokunembile kanye nokuxegiswa kwamathuluzi kufinyelelwa, okuhlinzeka isiqinisekiso esinamandla sokusebenza kahle nokuzenzakalelayo kwezikhungo zemishini ye-CNC. Ukuqonda okujulile kwesimiso sayo sokusebenza kanye namaphuzu obuchwepheshe abalulekile kubaluleke kakhulu ekuklanyweni, ekukhiqizeni, ekusetshenzisweni nasekunakekeleni izikhungo zemishini ye-CNC. Entuthukweni ezayo, ngenqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo yobuchwepheshe bemishini ye-CNC, indlela yokukhulula ithuluzi lokuphotha kanye ne-clamping izophinde ithuthukiswe futhi ithuthukiswe, iqhubekele ekunembeni okuphezulu, isivinini esisheshayo, nokusebenza okuthembeke kakhudlwana ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezikhulayo zemboni yokukhiqiza esezingeni eliphezulu.