“Izimfuneko Nezinyathelo Zokuthuthukisa Zendlela Yokudlulisa Okuphakelayo Kwamathuluzi Omshini we-CNC”
Ekwenziweni kwesimanjemanje, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC asephenduke amathuluzi okucubungula abalulekile ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo njengokunemba okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalelayo. Uhlelo lokudlulisa okuphakelayo lwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC ngokuvamile lusebenza nesistimu yokuphakelayo kwe-servo, edlala indima ebalulekile. Ngokwemilayezo yemiyalo edluliswa ohlelweni lwe-CNC, ikhulisa bese ilawula ukunyakaza kwezingxenye ezisebenzayo. Akudingi nje kuphela ukulawula ngokunembile isivinini sokunyakaza kokuphakelayo kodwa futhi nokulawula ngokunembile indawo enyakazayo kanye ne-trajectory yethuluzi elihlobene nomsebenzi.
Isistimu evamile yokuphakelayo elawulwa yiluphu evaliwe yethuluzi lomshini we-CNC ikakhulukazi yakhiwe izingxenye ezimbalwa ezifana nokuqhathanisa indawo, izingxenye zokukhulisa, amayunithi okushayela, izindlela zokudlulisa okuphakelayo komshini, nezinto zokutholwa kwempendulo. Phakathi kwazo, umshini wokudlulisa okuphakelayo ngomshini yiwo wonke amaketango okudlulisa emishini eguqula ukunyakaza okujikelezayo kwenjini ye-servo ibe ukunyakaza okuphakelayo okuqondile kwethebula lokusebenza nesiphathi samathuluzi, okuhlanganisa amadivaysi okunciphisa, isikulufu sokuhola namapheya amantongomane, izingxenye zomhlahlandlela nezingxenye zazo ezisekelayo. Njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile kusistimu ye-servo, indlela yokuphakelayo yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC akufanele nje ibe nokunemba kokuma okuphezulu kodwa futhi ibe nezici zokuphendula ezinhle eziguqukayo. Ukusabela kwesistimu ekulandeleni amasignali emiyalo kufanele kusheshe futhi ukuzinza kube kuhle.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokudlulisela, ukuzinza kwesistimu, nezici zokuphendula eziguqukayo zesistimu yokuphakelayo yezikhungo zokumaka eziqondile, uchungechunge lwezidingo eziqinile kubekwa phambili kumshini wokuphakelayo:
I. Imfuneko yokungabikho kwegebe
Igebe lokudlulisela lizoholela ephutheni lendawo efile futhi lithinte ukunemba kokucubungula. Ukuze kuqedwe igebe lokudlulisela ngangokunokwenzeka, izindlela ezinjengokusebenzisa umgodi wokuxhuma onokususa igebe kanye namapheya okudlulisela ngezinyathelo zokuqeda igebe zingathathwa. Isibonelo, kusikulufa sokuhola namantongomane, indlela yokulayisha kuqala yamantongomane aphindwe kabili ingasetshenziswa ukuqeda igebe ngokulungisa indawo ehlobene phakathi kwamantongomane amabili. Ngasikhathi sinye, ezingxenyeni ezinjengokudluliswa kwamagiya, izindlela ezinjengokulungisa amashimu noma izakhi ezinwebekayo nazo zingasetshenziswa ukuqeda igebe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokudlulisela.
Igebe lokudlulisela lizoholela ephutheni lendawo efile futhi lithinte ukunemba kokucubungula. Ukuze kuqedwe igebe lokudlulisela ngangokunokwenzeka, izindlela ezinjengokusebenzisa umgodi wokuxhuma onokususa igebe kanye namapheya okudlulisela ngezinyathelo zokuqeda igebe zingathathwa. Isibonelo, kusikulufa sokuhola namantongomane, indlela yokulayisha kuqala yamantongomane aphindwe kabili ingasetshenziswa ukuqeda igebe ngokulungisa indawo ehlobene phakathi kwamantongomane amabili. Ngasikhathi sinye, ezingxenyeni ezinjengokudluliswa kwamagiya, izindlela ezinjengokulungisa amashimu noma izakhi ezinwebekayo nazo zingasetshenziswa ukuqeda igebe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokudlulisela.
II. Isidingo sokungqubuzana okuphansi
Ukwamukela indlela yokudlulisa i-low-friction kunganciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisela, futhi kusize ukuthuthukisa isivinini sokuphendula kanye nokunemba kwesistimu. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokudlulisa i-low-friction zifaka iziqondiso ze-hydrostatic, iziqondiso eziqengqelekayo, nezikulufu zebhola.
Ukwamukela indlela yokudlulisa i-low-friction kunganciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisela, futhi kusize ukuthuthukisa isivinini sokuphendula kanye nokunemba kwesistimu. Izindlela ezijwayelekile zokudlulisa i-low-friction zifaka iziqondiso ze-hydrostatic, iziqondiso eziqengqelekayo, nezikulufu zebhola.
Iziqondiso ze-Hydrostatic zakha ungqimba lwefilimu kawoyela ocindezelayo phakathi kwezindawo zomhlahlandlela ukuze kuzuzwe ukuslayida okungathinteki ngokungqubuzana okuncane kakhulu. Iziqondiso ezigoqayo zisebenzisa ukugingqika kwezinto ezigoqayo kumareyili aqondisayo ukuze zimiselele ukuslayida, okunciphisa kakhulu ukungqubuzana. Izikulufu zebhola ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile eziguqula ukunyakaza okuzungezayo kube ukunyakaza komugqa. Amabhola ayagingqika phakathi kwesikulufu somthofu namantongomane ane-coefficient ephansi yokungqubuzana nokusebenza kahle kokudlulisela phambili. Lezi zingxenye zokudlulisa i-low-friction transmission zinganciphisa ngempumelelo ukumelana kwendlela yokuphakelayo ngesikhathi sokunyakaza futhi zithuthukise ukusebenza kwesistimu.
III. Imfuneko ye-inertia ephansi
Ukuze uthuthukise ukulungiswa kwethuluzi lomshini futhi wenze ithebula lokusebenza lisheshise ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokulandela imiyalo, isikhathi sokushintshwa kwe-inertia esiguqulelwe ku-drive shaft yisistimu kufanele sibe sincane ngangokunokwenzeka. Le mfuneko ingafinyelelwa ngokukhetha isilinganiso esifanele sokudlulisela. Ukukhetha ngokunengqondo isilinganiso sokudlulisela kunganciphisa isikhathi sokungaguquki kwesistimu ngenkathi kuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zesivinini sokunyakaza okusebenzisekayo nokusheshisa. Isibonelo, lapho uklama idivayisi yokunciphisa, ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela, isilinganiso segiya esifanele noma isilinganiso se-pulley yebhande singakhethwa ukuze sihambisane nesivinini sokuphuma kwe-servo motor nesivinini sokunyakaza kwe-worktable futhi kunciphise umzuzu we-inertia ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ukuze uthuthukise ukulungiswa kwethuluzi lomshini futhi wenze ithebula lokusebenza lisheshise ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokulandela imiyalo, isikhathi sokushintshwa kwe-inertia esiguqulelwe ku-drive shaft yisistimu kufanele sibe sincane ngangokunokwenzeka. Le mfuneko ingafinyelelwa ngokukhetha isilinganiso esifanele sokudlulisela. Ukukhetha ngokunengqondo isilinganiso sokudlulisela kunganciphisa isikhathi sokungaguquki kwesistimu ngenkathi kuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zesivinini sokunyakaza okusebenzisekayo nokusheshisa. Isibonelo, lapho uklama idivayisi yokunciphisa, ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela, isilinganiso segiya esifanele noma isilinganiso se-pulley yebhande singakhethwa ukuze sihambisane nesivinini sokuphuma kwe-servo motor nesivinini sokunyakaza kwe-worktable futhi kunciphise umzuzu we-inertia ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqondo womklamo ongasindi nawo ungamukelwa, futhi izinto ezinesisindo esincane zingakhethwa ukwenza izingxenye zokudlulisela. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa izinto ezingasindi ezifana ne-aluminium alloy ukwenza isikulufu somthofu namapheya amantongomane kanye nezingxenye zomhlahlandlela kunganciphisa inertia iyonke yesistimu.
IV. Isidingo sokuqina okuphezulu
Isistimu yokudlulisa ukuqina okuphezulu ingaqinisekisa ukumelana nokuphazanyiswa kwangaphandle phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula futhi igcine ukunemba kokucubungula okuzinzile. Ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwesistimu yokudlulisela, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa:
Nciphisa uchungechunge lokudlulisela: Ukunciphisa izixhumanisi zokudlulisela kunganciphisa ukubola okunwebeka kwesistimu futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa indlela yokushayela ngokuqondile isikulufu sokuhola ngenjini kusindisa izixhumanisi zokudlulisa eziphakathi, kunciphisa amaphutha okudlulisela kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-elastic, futhi kuthuthukisa ukuqina kwesistimu.
Thuthukisa ukuqina kwesistimu yokudlulisa ngokulayisha kuqala: Kumihlahlandlela eginqikayo namapheya ngezikulufu zebhola, indlela elayishwe ngaphambili ingasetshenziswa ukuze kukhiqizwe ukulayisha kuqala okuthile phakathi kwezinto eziginqikayo namareyili angumhlahlandlela noma izikulufu zomthofu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwesistimu. Usekelo lwesikulufu sokuhola ludizayinelwe ukuthi lulungiswe kuzo zombili iziphetho futhi lungaba nesakhiwo esinwetshiwe ngaphambili. Ngokusebenzisa i-pre-tension ethile kusikulufu sokuhola, amandla e-axial ngesikhathi sokusebenza anganqandwa futhi ukuqina kwesikulufu sokuhola kungathuthukiswa.
Isistimu yokudlulisa ukuqina okuphezulu ingaqinisekisa ukumelana nokuphazanyiswa kwangaphandle phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula futhi igcine ukunemba kokucubungula okuzinzile. Ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwesistimu yokudlulisela, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zingathathwa:
Nciphisa uchungechunge lokudlulisela: Ukunciphisa izixhumanisi zokudlulisela kunganciphisa ukubola okunwebeka kwesistimu futhi kuthuthukise ukuqina. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa indlela yokushayela ngokuqondile isikulufu sokuhola ngenjini kusindisa izixhumanisi zokudlulisa eziphakathi, kunciphisa amaphutha okudlulisela kanye nokuguqulwa kwe-elastic, futhi kuthuthukisa ukuqina kwesistimu.
Thuthukisa ukuqina kwesistimu yokudlulisa ngokulayisha kuqala: Kumihlahlandlela eginqikayo namapheya ngezikulufu zebhola, indlela elayishwe ngaphambili ingasetshenziswa ukuze kukhiqizwe ukulayisha kuqala okuthile phakathi kwezinto eziginqikayo namareyili angumhlahlandlela noma izikulufu zomthofu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwesistimu. Usekelo lwesikulufu sokuhola ludizayinelwe ukuthi lulungiswe kuzo zombili iziphetho futhi lungaba nesakhiwo esinwetshiwe ngaphambili. Ngokusebenzisa i-pre-tension ethile kusikulufu sokuhola, amandla e-axial ngesikhathi sokusebenza anganqandwa futhi ukuqina kwesikulufu sokuhola kungathuthukiswa.
V. Isidingo samafrikhwensi e-resonant ephezulu
Imvamisa ye-resonant ephezulu isho ukuthi isistimu ingabuyela ngokushesha esimeni esizinzile uma ingaphansi kokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle futhi inokumelana nokudlidliza okuhle. Ukuze uthuthukise imvamisa ye-resonant yesistimu, izici ezilandelayo zingaqalwa:
Lungiselela idizayini yesakhiwo sezingxenye zokudlulisela: Dizayina ngokunengqondo umumo nosayizi wezingxenye zokudlulisela ezifana nezikulufu zomthofu namarayili omhlahlandlela ukuze uthuthukise amaza azo emvelo. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa isikulufu somthofu esingenalutho kunganciphisa isisindo futhi kuthuthukise imvamisa yemvelo.
Khetha izinto ezifanele: Khetha izinto ezinemodulus enwebekayo ephezulu kanye nokuminyana okuphansi, njenge-titanium alloy, njll., ezingathuthukisa ukuqina kanye nemvamisa yemvelo yezingxenye zokudlulisela.
Khulisa ukumanzisa: Ukwenyuka okufanele kokumanzisa ohlelweni kungadla amandla okudlidliza, kunciphise ukuphakama kwe-resonant, futhi kuthuthukise ukuzinza kwesistimu. I-damping yesistimu ingandiswa ngokusebenzisa izinto zokumanzisa kanye nokufaka ama-dampers.
Imvamisa ye-resonant ephezulu isho ukuthi isistimu ingabuyela ngokushesha esimeni esizinzile uma ingaphansi kokuphazamiseka kwangaphandle futhi inokumelana nokudlidliza okuhle. Ukuze uthuthukise imvamisa ye-resonant yesistimu, izici ezilandelayo zingaqalwa:
Lungiselela idizayini yesakhiwo sezingxenye zokudlulisela: Dizayina ngokunengqondo umumo nosayizi wezingxenye zokudlulisela ezifana nezikulufu zomthofu namarayili omhlahlandlela ukuze uthuthukise amaza azo emvelo. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa isikulufu somthofu esingenalutho kunganciphisa isisindo futhi kuthuthukise imvamisa yemvelo.
Khetha izinto ezifanele: Khetha izinto ezinemodulus enwebekayo ephezulu kanye nokuminyana okuphansi, njenge-titanium alloy, njll., ezingathuthukisa ukuqina kanye nemvamisa yemvelo yezingxenye zokudlulisela.
Khulisa ukumanzisa: Ukwenyuka okufanele kokumanzisa ohlelweni kungadla amandla okudlidliza, kunciphise ukuphakama kwe-resonant, futhi kuthuthukise ukuzinza kwesistimu. I-damping yesistimu ingandiswa ngokusebenzisa izinto zokumanzisa kanye nokufaka ama-dampers.
VI. Imfuneko yesilinganiso sokumanzisa esifanelekile
Isilinganiso esifanelekile sokuthambisa singenza isistimu izinze ngokushesha ngemva kokuphazamiseka ngaphandle kokuncishiswa ngokweqile kokudlidliza. Ukuze uthole isilinganiso esifanele sokuthambisa, ukulawulwa kwesilinganiso sokumanzisa kungafinyelelwa ngokulungisa amapharamitha wesistimu njengamapharamitha we-damper kanye ne-friction coefficient yezingxenye zokudlulisela.
Isilinganiso esifanelekile sokuthambisa singenza isistimu izinze ngokushesha ngemva kokuphazamiseka ngaphandle kokuncishiswa ngokweqile kokudlidliza. Ukuze uthole isilinganiso esifanele sokuthambisa, ukulawulwa kwesilinganiso sokumanzisa kungafinyelelwa ngokulungisa amapharamitha wesistimu njengamapharamitha we-damper kanye ne-friction coefficient yezingxenye zokudlulisela.
Kafushane, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziqinile zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC wezindlela zokudlulisa okuphakelayo, uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokuthuthukisa kufanele luthathwe. Lezi zinyathelo azikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kokucubungula nokusebenza kahle kwamathuluzi omshini kodwa futhi zithuthukise ukuzinza nokuthembeka kwamathuluzi omshini, zinikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza kwesimanje.
Ezinhlelweni ezingokoqobo, kuyadingeka futhi ukucabangela ngokucophelela izici ezihlukahlukene ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zokucubungula kanye nezici zethuluzi lomshini bese ukhetha indlela yokudlulisa okuphakelayo efaneleke kakhulu nezindlela zokuthuthukisa. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ngenqubekelaphambili eqhubekayo yesayensi nobuchwepheshe, izinto ezintsha, ubuchwepheshe, nemiqondo yokuklama ihlala ivela, ehlinzeka ngendawo ebanzi yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezindlela zokudlulisa okuphakelayo kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC. Ngokuzayo, indlela yokudlulisa okuphakelayo yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC izoqhubeka nokuthuthuka iqonde ekunembeni okuphezulu, isivinini esikhulu, nokuthembeka okuphezulu.