Ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwezinga lokunemba kanye nezidingo zokunemba komshini zezingxenye ezibalulekile zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC
Ekwenziweni kwesimanjemanje, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC asephenduke into esetshenziswayo yokukhiqiza izingxenye ezinembayo ezahlukahlukene ngokunemba kwazo okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, kanye nezinga eliphakeme lokuzenzakalelayo. Izinga lokunemba lamathuluzi omshini we-CNC linquma ngokuqondile ikhwalithi nobunkimbinkimbi bezingxenye abangazicubungula, futhi izimfuneko zokunemba kwemishini yezingxenye ezibalulekile zezingxenye ezijwayelekile zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhetheni amathuluzi omshini we-CNC.
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ngokusekelwe ekusebenziseni kwawo, okuhlanganisa okulula, ukusebenza ngokugcwele, ukunemba okuphezulu, njll. Uhlobo ngalunye lungafinyelela amazinga ahlukene okunemba. Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC olula asasetshenziswa kwezinye izinsimbi nemishini yokugaya, enokulungiswa okuncane kokunyakaza okungu-0.01mm, kanye nokunemba kokunyakaza nomshini ngokuvamile ngenhla (0.03-0.05) mm. Lolu hlobo lwethuluzi lomshini lufanele imisebenzi ethile yokwenza imishini enezidingo zokunemba eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa.
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC anembe kakhulu asetshenziswa kakhulu ezinkundleni ezikhethekile zokuwenza, futhi ukunemba kwawo kungafinyelela amazinga amangalisayo angaphansi kuka-0.001mm. Leli thuluzi lomshini wokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu lingakha izingxenye ezinembe ngokwedlulele, lihlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zezimboni ezinembayo nezisezingeni eliphezulu ezifana ne-aerospace nemishini yezokwelapha.
Ngokungeziwe ekuhlukaniseni ngenjongo, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angaphinda ahlukaniswe abe izinhlobo ezijwayelekile nezinembayo ngokusekelwe ekunembeni. Lapho uhlola ukunemba kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, ngokuvamile kuhilela izinto ezingama-20-30. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezimele kakhulu kanye nezimpawu zifaka phakathi ukunemba kokuma kwe-eksisi eyodwa, ukunemba kokuma okuphindaphindiwe kwe-eksisi eyodwa, nokuzungeza kwesiqephu sokuhlola esikhiqizwe izimbazo zomshini ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezixhumene.
Ukunemba kokuma kwe-eksisi eyodwa kubhekisela kububanzi bephutha lapho ubeka noma iyiphi iphoyinti ngaphakathi kwe-axis stroke, futhi kuyinkomba eyinhloko ebonisa ngokuqondile ikhono lokunemba lomshini wethuluzi lomshini. Njengamanje, kunomehluko othile kumithethonqubo, izincazelo, izindlela zokulinganisa, nezindlela zokucubungula idatha zalesi sikhombi phakathi kwamazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Esethulweni sedatha yesampula yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, izindinganiso ezivamile zihlanganisa i-American Standard (NAS), izindinganiso ezinconyiwe ze-American Machine Tool Manufacturers Association, i-German Standard (VDI), i-Japanese Standard (JIS), i-International Organization for Standardization (ISO), kanye ne-China's National Standard (GB).
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi phakathi kwalawa mazinga, indinganiso yaseJapane icacisa okuphansi kakhulu. Indlela yokulinganisa isuselwe kusethi eyodwa yedatha ezinzile, bese inani lephutha licindezelwa ngohhafu ngokuthatha inani elingu-±. Ngakho-ke, ukunemba kokuma kukalwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zokulinganisa ezijwayelekile zesi-Japanese kuvame ukuhluka ngokuphindwe kabili uma kuqhathaniswa nemiphumela elinganiswa kusetshenziswa amanye amazinga. Nokho, amanye amazinga, nakuba ehlukile ekucutshungulweni kwedatha, wonke alandela umthetho wezibalo zamaphutha ukuze ahlaziye ukulinganisa nokunemba kokuma. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngephutha elithile lephoyinti lokuma ku-stroke ye-eksisi elawulekayo yethuluzi lomshini we-CNC, kufanele ibonise isimo sephutha sezinkulungwane zezikhathi zokuma phakathi nokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwethuluzi lomshini. Kodwa-ke, esilinganisweni sangempela, ngenxa yemikhawulo ezimweni, inani elilinganiselwe lezilinganiso lingenziwa (ngokuvamile izikhathi ezingu-5-7).
Ukunemba kokuma okuphindaphindiwe kwe-eksisi eyodwa kubonisa ngokuphelele ukunemba okuphelele kwengxenye ngayinye ehambayo ye-eksisi, ikakhulukazi ukukhombisa ukuzinza kokuma kwe-eksisi kunoma iyiphi indawo yokuma ngaphakathi kwe-stroke, ebaluleke kakhulu. Kuyinkomba eyisisekelo yokulinganisa ukuthi i-eksisi ingasebenza ngokuzinza nangokuthembekile. Ezinhlelweni zesimanje ze-CNC, isofthiwe ngokuvamile inemisebenzi ecebile yesinxephezelo samaphutha, enganxephezela ngokuzinzile amaphutha esistimu yesixhumanisi ngasinye seketango lokudlulisa okuphakelayo.
Isibonelo, ukucaciswa, ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic, nokuqina kokuxhumana kwesixhumanisi ngasinye kuchungechunge lokudlulisela kuzobonisa ukunyakaza okuhlukile okusheshayo kuye ngezici ezifana nosayizi womthwalo webhentshi lomsebenzi, ubude bebanga lokunyakaza, kanye nesivinini sokuma kokunyakaza. Kwamanye amasistimu e-servo e-open-loop kanye ne-semi-close-loop feed servo, izingxenye zokushayela zemishini ngemva kokulinganisa izingxenye zizothinteka izici ezihlukahlukene zengozi, okuholela kumaphutha abalulekile angahleliwe. Isibonelo, ukuphakama okushisayo kwezikulufu zebhola kungase kubangele ukukhukhuleka endaweni yangempela yokuma yebhentshi lomsebenzi.
Ukuze kuhlolwe kabanzi ukusebenza kokunemba kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, ngaphezu kwezinkomba zokunemba kwe-eksisi eyodwa ezishiwo ngenhla, kubalulekile futhi ukuhlola ukunemba kwemishini yokuxhumanisa ama-eksisi amaningi. Ukunemba kobuso obuyisilinda bokugaya noma imigqa eyisiyingi yokugaya (imicu) iyinkomba engahlola ngokuphelele izici ezinyakazayo ze-servo zama-ax e-CNC (izimbazo ezimbili noma ezintathu) kanye nomsebenzi wokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo ze-CNC kumathuluzi omshini. Indlela evamile yokwahlulela ukukala ukuzungeza kwendawo eyisilinda esenziwe ngomshini.
Ekusikeni kwecala lamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, ukugaya isikwele esitshekile esinezinhlangothi ezine indlela yomshini nakho kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokwahlulela, engasetshenziswa ukuhlola ukunemba kwezimbazo ezimbili ezilawulekayo ekunyakazeni kokufakwa komugqa. Phakathi nalokhu kusikwa kwesilingo, isigayo sokugcina esisetshenziselwa ukunemba kwemishini sifakwa ku-spindle yethuluzi lomshini, futhi isifanekiso esiyindilinga esibekwe ebhentshini lokusebenza siyagaywa. Ngamathuluzi omshini omncane nosayizi omaphakathi, amasampula ayindilinga ngokuvamile akhethwa phakathi kwebanga elingu-¥ 200 ukuya ku-¥ 300. Ngemva kokuqeda ukugaya, beka isifanekiso kusihloli esiyindilinga bese ukala ukujikeleza kwendawo yaso ewumshini.
Ngokubheka nokuhlaziya imiphumela yomshini, ulwazi oluningi olubalulekile mayelana nokunemba nokusebenza kwamathuluzi omshini lungatholakala. Uma kukhona amaphethini wokudlidliza we-milling cutter endaweni eyisilinda egayiwe, kukhombisa isivinini sokuhumusha esingazinzile sethuluzi lomshini; Uma kukhona iphutha elibalulekile le-elliptical kumjikelezo okhiqizwa ukugaya, kubonisa ukuthi izinzuzo zamasistimu e-eksisi amabili alawulekayo wokunyakaza kokuhumusha azifani; Endaweni eyindilinga, uma kukhona izimpawu zokumisa emaphuzwini lapho i-eksisi ngayinye elawulekayo ishintsha isiqondiso (okungukuthi, ekuhambeni okuqhubekayo kokusika, uma ukunyakaza okuphakelayo kuma endaweni ethile, ithuluzi lizokwenza ingxenye encane yezimpawu zokusika zensimbi endaweni yomshini), kubonisa ukuthi ukucaciswa okuhamba phambili nokuhlehla kwe-eksisi akuzange kulungiswe kahle.
Ukwahlulela ngokunemba kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enzima, futhi eminye idinga ngisho nokuhlolwa okunembile ngemva kokuqedwa komshini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukunemba kwamathuluzi omshini kuthonywa inhlanganisela yezinto ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sethuluzi lomshini, ukunemba kokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye, ikhwalithi yokuhlanganisa, ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokulawula, nezimo zemvelo phakathi nenqubo yomshini.
Ngokuya ngesakhiwo sesakhiwo samathuluzi omshini, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo okunengqondo kanye nomklamo oqinile kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ukudlidliza nokuguqulwa phakathi nenqubo yomshini, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukunemba komshini. Isibonelo, ukusebenzisa izinto zombhede eziqine kakhulu, ikholomu elungiselelwe kanye nezakhiwo ze-crossbeam, njll., kungasiza ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza kukonke kwethuluzi lomshini.
Ukunemba kokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunembeni kwamathuluzi omshini. Ukunemba kwezingxenye eziyinhloko njengezikulufu zebhola, imihlahlandlela eqondile, nama-spindles kunquma ngokuqondile ukunemba kokunyakaza kwe-eksisi ngayinye yokunyakaza yethuluzi lomshini. Izikulufu zebhola zekhwalithi ephezulu ziqinisekisa ukunyakaza okuqondile okuqondile, kuyilapho iziqondiso zomugqa ezinembayo zinikeza isiqondiso esibushelelezi.
Ikhwalithi yomhlangano nayo iyisici esibalulekile esithinta ukunemba kwamathuluzi omshini. Enqubweni yokuhlanganisa ithuluzi lomshini, kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokuqinile imingcele efana nokunemba okufanele, ukufana, nokuma phakathi kwezingxenye ezihlukahlukene ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubudlelwano obunembile bokunyakaza phakathi kwezingxenye ezihambayo zethuluzi lomshini ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Ukusebenza kwesistimu yokulawula kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukunemba kwamathuluzi omshini. Amasistimu e-CNC athuthukile angafinyelela ukulawula isikhundla okunembe kakhudlwana, ukulawula isivinini, kanye nemisebenzi yokuhumusha, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukunemba komshini wamathuluzi omshini. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umsebenzi wokunxeshezelwa kwephutha wesistimu ye-CNC unganikeza isinxephezelo sesikhathi sangempela samaphutha ahlukahlukene wethuluzi lomshini, okuthuthuke ngokwengeziwe ukunemba komshini.
Izimo zemvelo ngesikhathi senqubo yomshini nazo zingaba nomthelela ekunembeni kwethuluzi lomshini. Ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa nokuswakama kungase kubangele ukwanda okushisayo kanye nokufinyela kwezingxenye zamathuluzi omshini, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukunemba komshini. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni zokunemba okuphezulu kwemishini, ngokuvamile kudingekile ukulawula ngokuqinile indawo yomshini futhi kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elihlala njalo kanye nomswakama.
Kafushane, ukunemba kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kuyinkomba ebanzi ethonywa ukusebenzisana kwezinto eziningi. Lapho ukhetha ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC, kuyadingeka ukuthi ucabangele izici ezinjengohlobo lwethuluzi lomshini, izinga lokunemba, imingcele yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nedumela kanye nesevisi yangemuva kokuthengisa yomkhiqizi, ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokunemba kwezingxenye. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwethuluzi lomshini, ukuhlolwa kokunemba okuvamile nokugcinwa kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kutholakale ngokushesha futhi kuxazululwe izinkinga, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini lihlala ligcina ukunemba okuhle futhi linikeza iziqinisekiso ezinokwethenjelwa zokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye eziphezulu.
Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko esheshayo yokukhiqiza, izidingo zokunemba kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC nazo zikhula njalo. Abakhiqizi bamathuluzi omshini we-CNC bahlala becwaninga futhi basungula izinto ezintsha, bamukela ubuchwepheshe obuthuthuke kakhulu nezinqubo zokuthuthukisa ukunemba nokusebenza kwamathuluzi omshini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amazinga embonini afanelekile kanye nokucaciswa kwawo kuhlala kuthuthukiswa, kuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sesayensi nesebunyeni sokuhlola ukunemba nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC.
Ngokuzayo, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC azothuthukela ekunembeni okuphezulu, ukusebenza kahle, kanye ne-automation, anikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile koshintsho nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza. Emabhizinisini akhiqizayo, ukuqonda okujulile kwezici ezinembayo zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, ukukhetha okunengqondo nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, kuzoba ukhiye wokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuncintisana kwemakethe.