"Incazelo Eningiliziwe Yokuqukethwe Kokulawulwa Kokuhlolwa Kwethuluzi Lomshini we-CNC"
Njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni kwanamuhla, ukusebenza okuzinzile kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ukuhlolwa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kuyisisekelo sokwenza ukuqapha isimo nokuxilongwa kwamaphutha. Ngokuphathwa kokuhlolwa kwesayensi nokuhlelekile, izinkinga ezingaba khona zemishini zingatholakala ngesikhathi, izinga lokuhluleka lingancishiswa, futhi nempilo yesevisi yemishini inganwetshwa. Okulandelayo kuzochaza okuqukethwe okuyinhloko kokuhlolwa kwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC.
I. Amaphuzu Agxilile
Amaphuzu angashintshiwe ayisinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlola ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Lapho kunqunywa amaphuzu okunakekela ethuluzi lomshini we-CNC, ukuhlaziya okubanzi nokwesayensi kwemishini kuyadingeka. Ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC isistimu eyinkimbinkimbi eyakhiwe izingxenye eziningi, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo zemishini, amasistimu okulawula ugesi, amasistimu asebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi, amasistimu okupholisa, njll. Ingxenye ngayinye ingase ihlangabezane nokwehluleka ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya ngokucophelela umsebenzi, isimiso sokusebenza, kanye nezindawo ezingase zihluleke zengxenye ngayinye.
Isibonelo, izingxenye ezinjengama-guide rails, izikulufu zokuhola, nama-spindles esakhiweni sokusebenza zivame ukuba nezinkinga ezifana nokuguga nokwenyuka kokucaciswa ngenxa yokuchayeka isikhathi eside kwamandla okusika nokungqubuzana. Izingxenye ezifana nezilawuli, abashayeli, nezinzwa ohlelweni lokulawula ugesi zingase zehluleke ngenxa yezizathu ezifana nokuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi kanye nokuphazamiseka kazibuthe. Izingxenye ezinjengamaphampu kawoyela, amasilinda, namavalvu ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic zingase zehluleke ngenxa yezizathu ezinjengokuvaleka kahle nokungcoliswa kukawoyela. Izingxenye ezinjengamaphampu amanzi, amapayipi amanzi, nama-radiator ohlelweni lokupholisa zingase zehluleke ngenxa yezizathu ezinjengokuvaleka nokuvuza.
Ngokuhlaziya ingxenye ngayinye yethuluzi lomshini we-CNC, izindawo ezingase zihluleke zinganqunywa. Lezi zindawo ziyizindawo zokunakekela zethuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Ngemva kokunquma izindawo zokulungisa, iphuzu ngalinye lokulungisa lidinga ukufakwa izinombolo futhi limakwe ukuze kube lula umsebenzi wokuhlola olandelayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ifayela lephoyinti lokunakekela lidinga ukusungulwa ukuze lirekhode ulwazi olufana nendawo, umsebenzi, ukwehluleka okwenzekayo, kanye nendlela yokuhlola yendawo ngayinye yokulungisa ukuze kunikezwe ireferensi yomsebenzi wokuhlola.
Amaphuzu angashintshiwe ayisinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlola ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Lapho kunqunywa amaphuzu okunakekela ethuluzi lomshini we-CNC, ukuhlaziya okubanzi nokwesayensi kwemishini kuyadingeka. Ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC isistimu eyinkimbinkimbi eyakhiwe izingxenye eziningi, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo zemishini, amasistimu okulawula ugesi, amasistimu asebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi, amasistimu okupholisa, njll. Ingxenye ngayinye ingase ihlangabezane nokwehluleka ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya ngokucophelela umsebenzi, isimiso sokusebenza, kanye nezindawo ezingase zihluleke zengxenye ngayinye.
Isibonelo, izingxenye ezinjengama-guide rails, izikulufu zokuhola, nama-spindles esakhiweni sokusebenza zivame ukuba nezinkinga ezifana nokuguga nokwenyuka kokucaciswa ngenxa yokuchayeka isikhathi eside kwamandla okusika nokungqubuzana. Izingxenye ezifana nezilawuli, abashayeli, nezinzwa ohlelweni lokulawula ugesi zingase zehluleke ngenxa yezizathu ezifana nokuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi kanye nokuphazamiseka kazibuthe. Izingxenye ezinjengamaphampu kawoyela, amasilinda, namavalvu ohlelweni lwe-hydraulic zingase zehluleke ngenxa yezizathu ezinjengokuvaleka kahle nokungcoliswa kukawoyela. Izingxenye ezinjengamaphampu amanzi, amapayipi amanzi, nama-radiator ohlelweni lokupholisa zingase zehluleke ngenxa yezizathu ezinjengokuvaleka nokuvuza.
Ngokuhlaziya ingxenye ngayinye yethuluzi lomshini we-CNC, izindawo ezingase zihluleke zinganqunywa. Lezi zindawo ziyizindawo zokunakekela zethuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Ngemva kokunquma izindawo zokulungisa, iphuzu ngalinye lokulungisa lidinga ukufakwa izinombolo futhi limakwe ukuze kube lula umsebenzi wokuhlola olandelayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ifayela lephoyinti lokunakekela lidinga ukusungulwa ukuze lirekhode ulwazi olufana nendawo, umsebenzi, ukwehluleka okwenzekayo, kanye nendlela yokuhlola yendawo ngayinye yokulungisa ukuze kunikezwe ireferensi yomsebenzi wokuhlola.
II. Amazinga Agxilile
Izindinganiso ezigxilile ziyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekuhloleni ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Ephuzwini ngalinye lokulungisa, izindinganiso zidinga ukwakhiwa ngayinye ngayinye ukuze kucaciswe ububanzi obuvumelekile bemingcele njengokususwa, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, izinga lokugeleza, nokucinana. Lawa mazinga ayisisekelo sokwahlulela ukuthi okokusebenza kusebenza ngokujwayelekile yini. Kuphela uma ingeqi izindinganiso ezishiwo lapho ingathathwa njengesehluleki.
Lapho kwakhiwa amazinga, ireferensi idinga ukwenziwa ezintweni ezifana nemingcele yedizayini, amamanuwali okusebenza, namazinga omkhakha wamathuluzi omshini we-CNC. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimo zokusebenza zangempela zemishini zidinga ukucatshangelwa. Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho nokuhlaziywa kwedatha, ibanga elisezingeni eliphusile lidinga ukunqunywa. Isibonelo, ukuze kususwe izinsimbi eziqondisayo, imfuneko evamile iphakathi kuka-0.01mm no-0.03mm; ngokushisa kwe-spindle, imfuneko evamile akufanele idlule ku-60 ° C; ngokucindezela kwesistimu ye-hydraulic, imfuneko evamile ukuthi ukuguquguquka ngaphakathi kwebanga lokucindezela elicacisiwe akudluli ± 5%.
Ngemuva kokwenza amazinga, amazinga adinga ukurekhodwa ngendlela ebhaliwe futhi amakwe kumshini ukuze kube lula ukuhlolwa ngabasebenzi abahlolayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindinganiso zidinga ukubuyekezwa futhi zithuthukiswe njalo. Ngokwezimo zokusebenza zemishini nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ibanga elijwayelekile lidinga ukulungiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuhlakani nokusebenza kahle kwamazinga.
Izindinganiso ezigxilile ziyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekuhloleni ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Ephuzwini ngalinye lokulungisa, izindinganiso zidinga ukwakhiwa ngayinye ngayinye ukuze kucaciswe ububanzi obuvumelekile bemingcele njengokususwa, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, izinga lokugeleza, nokucinana. Lawa mazinga ayisisekelo sokwahlulela ukuthi okokusebenza kusebenza ngokujwayelekile yini. Kuphela uma ingeqi izindinganiso ezishiwo lapho ingathathwa njengesehluleki.
Lapho kwakhiwa amazinga, ireferensi idinga ukwenziwa ezintweni ezifana nemingcele yedizayini, amamanuwali okusebenza, namazinga omkhakha wamathuluzi omshini we-CNC. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimo zokusebenza zangempela zemishini zidinga ukucatshangelwa. Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho nokuhlaziywa kwedatha, ibanga elisezingeni eliphusile lidinga ukunqunywa. Isibonelo, ukuze kususwe izinsimbi eziqondisayo, imfuneko evamile iphakathi kuka-0.01mm no-0.03mm; ngokushisa kwe-spindle, imfuneko evamile akufanele idlule ku-60 ° C; ngokucindezela kwesistimu ye-hydraulic, imfuneko evamile ukuthi ukuguquguquka ngaphakathi kwebanga lokucindezela elicacisiwe akudluli ± 5%.
Ngemuva kokwenza amazinga, amazinga adinga ukurekhodwa ngendlela ebhaliwe futhi amakwe kumshini ukuze kube lula ukuhlolwa ngabasebenzi abahlolayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindinganiso zidinga ukubuyekezwa futhi zithuthukiswe njalo. Ngokwezimo zokusebenza zemishini nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ibanga elijwayelekile lidinga ukulungiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuhlakani nokusebenza kahle kwamazinga.
III. Izikhathi Ezigxilile
Izikhathi ezigxilile ziyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekuhloleni ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Ukunquma isikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kudinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kwezinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukubaluleka kwezinto zokusebenza, ukuba nokwenzeka kokwehluleka ukwenzeka, kanye nokuqina kwemisebenzi yokukhiqiza.
Kwezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile nezingxenye ezibalulekile, njengezikulufu zokuphotha, izikulufu zomthofu, nezinsimbi zokuqondisa, ngenxa yomthelela wazo obalulekile ekunembeni nasekusebenzeni kwesisetshenziswa kanye nethuba eliphezulu lokwenzeka kwehluleki, isikhathi sokuhlola sidinga ukufinyezwa. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uhlole izikhathi ezimbalwa ngokushifu ngakunye. Kwezinye izingxenye ezingabalulekile kangako, njengamasistimu okupholisa namasistimu okugcoba, isikhathi sokuhlola singanwetshwa ngokufanelekile futhi sihlolwe kanye ngenyanga noma izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Lapho kunqunywa isikhathi sokuhlola, ukushuba kwemisebenzi yokukhiqiza nakho kudinga ukucatshangelwa. Uma umsebenzi wokukhiqiza ushubile futhi okokusebenza kusebenza ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi eside, isikhathi sokuhlola singafinyezwa ngokufanelekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile kwempahla. Uma umsebenzi wokukhiqiza ungemkhulu futhi okokusebenza kusebenza isikhathi esifushane, isikhathi sokuhlola singanwetshwa ngokufanelekile ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokuhlola.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kudingeka kusungulwe uhlelo lokuhlola ukuze kucaciswe ulwazi olufana nesikhathi sokuhlola, izisebenzi ezihlolayo, nezindlela zokuhlola zendawo ngayinye yokulungisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umsebenzi wokuhlola uqedwa ngesikhathi, ngekhwalithi, nangobuningi. Uhlelo lokuhlola lungalungiswa futhi luthuthukiswe ngokuvumelana nezimo zangempela zokusebenza zemishini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nomphumela wokuhlola.
Izikhathi ezigxilile ziyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekuhloleni ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Ukunquma isikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kudinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kwezinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukubaluleka kwezinto zokusebenza, ukuba nokwenzeka kokwehluleka ukwenzeka, kanye nokuqina kwemisebenzi yokukhiqiza.
Kwezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile nezingxenye ezibalulekile, njengezikulufu zokuphotha, izikulufu zomthofu, nezinsimbi zokuqondisa, ngenxa yomthelela wazo obalulekile ekunembeni nasekusebenzeni kwesisetshenziswa kanye nethuba eliphezulu lokwenzeka kwehluleki, isikhathi sokuhlola sidinga ukufinyezwa. Kungase kudingeke ukuthi uhlole izikhathi ezimbalwa ngokushifu ngakunye. Kwezinye izingxenye ezingabalulekile kangako, njengamasistimu okupholisa namasistimu okugcoba, isikhathi sokuhlola singanwetshwa ngokufanelekile futhi sihlolwe kanye ngenyanga noma izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Lapho kunqunywa isikhathi sokuhlola, ukushuba kwemisebenzi yokukhiqiza nakho kudinga ukucatshangelwa. Uma umsebenzi wokukhiqiza ushubile futhi okokusebenza kusebenza ngokuqhubekayo isikhathi eside, isikhathi sokuhlola singafinyezwa ngokufanelekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile kwempahla. Uma umsebenzi wokukhiqiza ungemkhulu futhi okokusebenza kusebenza isikhathi esifushane, isikhathi sokuhlola singanwetshwa ngokufanelekile ukuze kwehliswe izindleko zokuhlola.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kudingeka kusungulwe uhlelo lokuhlola ukuze kucaciswe ulwazi olufana nesikhathi sokuhlola, izisebenzi ezihlolayo, nezindlela zokuhlola zendawo ngayinye yokulungisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umsebenzi wokuhlola uqedwa ngesikhathi, ngekhwalithi, nangobuningi. Uhlelo lokuhlola lungalungiswa futhi luthuthukiswe ngokuvumelana nezimo zangempela zokusebenza zemishini ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nomphumela wokuhlola.
IV. Izinto Ezilungisiwe
Izinto ezingashintshiwe yizinto ezithize zokuhlola ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Kudingeka kube nemithethonqubo ecacile yokuthi yiziphi izinto okufanele zihlolwe endaweni ngayinye yokulungisa. Lokhu kusiza abasebenzi abahlolayo ukuthi bahlole okokusebenza ngokugcwele nangokuhlelekile futhi bagweme ukulahlekelwa izinto ezibalulekile.
Ngephuzu ngalinye lokulungisa, into eyodwa noma izinto ezimbalwa zingahlolwa. Isibonelo, ku-spindle, izinto ezifana nezinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza, umsindo, i-axial clearance, kanye ne-radial clearance kungase kudingeke ukuthi kuhlolwe; kumzila wesitimela, izinto ezinjengokuqondile, ukuhambisana, ukuhwaqazeka kwendawo, nesimo sokuthambisa kungase kudingeke ukuthi kuhlolwe; ngohlelo lokulawula ugesi, izinto ezifana nesimo sokusebenza sesilawuli, i-voltage ephumayo yomshayeli, kanye nesignali yenzwa kungase kudingeke ukuthi ihlolwe.
Lapho kunqunywa izinto zokuhlola, umsebenzi kanye nomgomo wokusebenza wezisetshenziswa kanye nezimo ezingase zehluleke zidinga ukucatshangelwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindinganiso ezifanele kanye nokucaciswa kufanele kubhekiswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqonda nokunemba kwezinto zokuhlola.
Izinto ezingashintshiwe yizinto ezithize zokuhlola ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Kudingeka kube nemithethonqubo ecacile yokuthi yiziphi izinto okufanele zihlolwe endaweni ngayinye yokulungisa. Lokhu kusiza abasebenzi abahlolayo ukuthi bahlole okokusebenza ngokugcwele nangokuhlelekile futhi bagweme ukulahlekelwa izinto ezibalulekile.
Ngephuzu ngalinye lokulungisa, into eyodwa noma izinto ezimbalwa zingahlolwa. Isibonelo, ku-spindle, izinto ezifana nezinga lokushisa, ukudlidliza, umsindo, i-axial clearance, kanye ne-radial clearance kungase kudingeke ukuthi kuhlolwe; kumzila wesitimela, izinto ezinjengokuqondile, ukuhambisana, ukuhwaqazeka kwendawo, nesimo sokuthambisa kungase kudingeke ukuthi kuhlolwe; ngohlelo lokulawula ugesi, izinto ezifana nesimo sokusebenza sesilawuli, i-voltage ephumayo yomshayeli, kanye nesignali yenzwa kungase kudingeke ukuthi ihlolwe.
Lapho kunqunywa izinto zokuhlola, umsebenzi kanye nomgomo wokusebenza wezisetshenziswa kanye nezimo ezingase zehluleke zidinga ukucatshangelwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindinganiso ezifanele kanye nokucaciswa kufanele kubhekiswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqonda nokunemba kwezinto zokuhlola.
V. Abasebenzi Abagxilile
Abasebenzi abangaguquki isixhumanisi sokuqalisa umsebenzi ekuhlolweni kwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Kudingeka kucaciswe ukuthi ubani ozohlola, noma ngabe umqhubi, izisebenzi ezinakekela isondlo, noma izisebenzi zezobuchwepheshe. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlola kanye nezidingo zokunemba kobuchwepheshe, umthwalo wemfanelo kufanele unikezwe abantu abathile.
Umsebenzisi ungumsebenzisi oqondile wezinto zokusebenza futhi ujwayelene nezimo zokusebenza zalokho okokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, opharetha angaba nesibopho sokuhlolwa kwansuku zonke kwezingxenye ezijwayelekile zesisetshenziswa, njengokuhlola ukubukeka, ukuhlanzeka, nesimo sokugcobisa okokusebenza. Abasebenzi bezokunakekela banamakhono ochwepheshe kanye nesipiliyoni futhi bangaba nesibopho sokuhlola njalo izingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile zemishini, njengokuhlola ukwakheka kwemishini, uhlelo lokulawula ugesi, kanye nesistimu ye-hydraulic yemishini. Izisebenzi zobuchwepheshe zinezinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe nolwazi lwethiyori futhi zingaba nesibopho sokuqapha isimo semishini nokuhlonza amaphutha, njengokuhlaziya idatha yokusebenza kwemishini, ukwenza izinhlelo zokuhlola, kanye nokuphakamisa iziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa.
Ngokucacisa imithwalo yemfanelo yabasebenzi bokuhlola, ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yomsebenzi wokuhlola kungathuthukiswa, futhi ukusebenza okuphephile kwemishini kungaqinisekiswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqeqeshwa nokuhlolwa kwabasebenzi abahlolayo nakho kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga labo lobuchwepheshe kanye nomuzwa wokuzibophezela.
Abasebenzi abangaguquki isixhumanisi sokuqalisa umsebenzi ekuhlolweni kwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Kudingeka kucaciswe ukuthi ubani ozohlola, noma ngabe umqhubi, izisebenzi ezinakekela isondlo, noma izisebenzi zezobuchwepheshe. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlola kanye nezidingo zokunemba kobuchwepheshe, umthwalo wemfanelo kufanele unikezwe abantu abathile.
Umsebenzisi ungumsebenzisi oqondile wezinto zokusebenza futhi ujwayelene nezimo zokusebenza zalokho okokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, opharetha angaba nesibopho sokuhlolwa kwansuku zonke kwezingxenye ezijwayelekile zesisetshenziswa, njengokuhlola ukubukeka, ukuhlanzeka, nesimo sokugcobisa okokusebenza. Abasebenzi bezokunakekela banamakhono ochwepheshe kanye nesipiliyoni futhi bangaba nesibopho sokuhlola njalo izingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile zemishini, njengokuhlola ukwakheka kwemishini, uhlelo lokulawula ugesi, kanye nesistimu ye-hydraulic yemishini. Izisebenzi zobuchwepheshe zinezinga eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe nolwazi lwethiyori futhi zingaba nesibopho sokuqapha isimo semishini nokuhlonza amaphutha, njengokuhlaziya idatha yokusebenza kwemishini, ukwenza izinhlelo zokuhlola, kanye nokuphakamisa iziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa.
Ngokucacisa imithwalo yemfanelo yabasebenzi bokuhlola, ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yomsebenzi wokuhlola kungathuthukiswa, futhi ukusebenza okuphephile kwemishini kungaqinisekiswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqeqeshwa nokuhlolwa kwabasebenzi abahlolayo nakho kuyadingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga labo lobuchwepheshe kanye nomuzwa wokuzibophezela.
VI. Izindlela Ezilungisiwe
Izindlela ezilungisiwe ziyisixhumanisi sokukhetha indlela ekuhlolweni kwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Kudingeka futhi kube nemithethonqubo emayelana nendlela yokuhlola, noma ngabe kungokubuka mathupha noma ukukalwa kwensimbi, kanye nokuthi kufanele kusetshenziswe amathuluzi avamile noma amathuluzi anembayo yini.
Kwezinye izinto ezilula zokuhlola, njengokubukeka, ukuhlanzeka, nesimo sokugcotshwa kwempahla, indlela yokubuka mathupha ingasetshenziswa ukuze ihlolwe. Kwezinye izinto ezidinga ukulinganisa okunembile, njengokucaciswa, izinga lokushisa, ukucindezela, nezinga lokugeleza, indlela yokulinganisa insimbi idinga ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa. Lapho kukhethwa amathuluzi, ithuluzi elifanele lidinga ukukhethwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokunemba zezinto zokuhlola kanye nesimo sangempela sezinto zokusebenza. Uma imfuneko yokunemba ingekho phezulu, amathuluzi ajwayelekile angasetshenziselwa ukulinganisa; uma imfuneko yokunemba iphakeme ngokuqhathaniswa, amathuluzi anembayo kudingeka asetshenziselwe ukulinganisa.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isistimu yokuphatha insimbi idinga ukusungulwa ukuze kumiswe ukuphathwa kokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi, ukugcinwa, nokulinganisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuthembeka kwamathuluzi.
Izindlela ezilungisiwe ziyisixhumanisi sokukhetha indlela ekuhlolweni kwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Kudingeka futhi kube nemithethonqubo emayelana nendlela yokuhlola, noma ngabe kungokubuka mathupha noma ukukalwa kwensimbi, kanye nokuthi kufanele kusetshenziswe amathuluzi avamile noma amathuluzi anembayo yini.
Kwezinye izinto ezilula zokuhlola, njengokubukeka, ukuhlanzeka, nesimo sokugcotshwa kwempahla, indlela yokubuka mathupha ingasetshenziswa ukuze ihlolwe. Kwezinye izinto ezidinga ukulinganisa okunembile, njengokucaciswa, izinga lokushisa, ukucindezela, nezinga lokugeleza, indlela yokulinganisa insimbi idinga ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa. Lapho kukhethwa amathuluzi, ithuluzi elifanele lidinga ukukhethwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zokunemba zezinto zokuhlola kanye nesimo sangempela sezinto zokusebenza. Uma imfuneko yokunemba ingekho phezulu, amathuluzi ajwayelekile angasetshenziselwa ukulinganisa; uma imfuneko yokunemba iphakeme ngokuqhathaniswa, amathuluzi anembayo kudingeka asetshenziselwe ukulinganisa.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isistimu yokuphatha insimbi idinga ukusungulwa ukuze kumiswe ukuphathwa kokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi, ukugcinwa, nokulinganisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuthembeka kwamathuluzi.
VII. Ukuhlola
Ukuhlola kuyisixhumanisi sokuqalisa sokuhlola ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Kudingeka kube nemithethonqubo ngendawo yokuhlola kanye nezinyathelo, noma ukuhlola ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokukhiqiza noma ngemva kokuvalwa, kanye nokuthi kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kokuhlakazwa noma ukuhlola okungahlanganisi.
Kwezinye izinto zokuhlola ezingaphazamisi ukusebenza kwemishini, zingahlolwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokukhiqiza. Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni izinkinga ngesikhathi futhi kugweme ukwehluleka kwemishini. Kwezinye izinto ezidinga ukuhlolwa kokuvala shaqa, njengesakhiwo sangaphakathi sezinto zokusebenza kanye nesimo sokuguga sezingxenye ezibalulekile, ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokuba okokusebenza kuvalwe. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuvala shaqa, imisebenzi idinga ukwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezinyathelo ezishiwo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokunemba kokuhlolwa.
Kwezinye izinto ezilula zokuhlola, indlela yokuhlola okungeyona i-disassembly ingasetshenziswa. Kwezinye izinto zokuhlola ezidinga ukuqonda okujulile kwesimo sangaphakathi sezisetshenziswa, njengokuhlaziywa kwephutha lempahla kanye nokwakhiwa kohlelo lokulungisa, indlela yokuhlola ukuhlakazwa idinga ukusetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-disassembly, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekuvikeleni izingxenye zemishini ukugwema ukulimala kwemishini.
Ukuhlola kuyisixhumanisi sokuqalisa sokuhlola ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Kudingeka kube nemithethonqubo ngendawo yokuhlola kanye nezinyathelo, noma ukuhlola ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokukhiqiza noma ngemva kokuvalwa, kanye nokuthi kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kokuhlakazwa noma ukuhlola okungahlanganisi.
Kwezinye izinto zokuhlola ezingaphazamisi ukusebenza kwemishini, zingahlolwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokukhiqiza. Lokhu kungasiza ekutholeni izinkinga ngesikhathi futhi kugweme ukwehluleka kwemishini. Kwezinye izinto ezidinga ukuhlolwa kokuvala shaqa, njengesakhiwo sangaphakathi sezinto zokusebenza kanye nesimo sokuguga sezingxenye ezibalulekile, ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokuba okokusebenza kuvalwe. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuvala shaqa, imisebenzi idinga ukwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezinyathelo ezishiwo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokunemba kokuhlolwa.
Kwezinye izinto ezilula zokuhlola, indlela yokuhlola okungeyona i-disassembly ingasetshenziswa. Kwezinye izinto zokuhlola ezidinga ukuqonda okujulile kwesimo sangaphakathi sezisetshenziswa, njengokuhlaziywa kwephutha lempahla kanye nokwakhiwa kohlelo lokulungisa, indlela yokuhlola ukuhlakazwa idinga ukusetshenziswa. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-disassembly, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ekuvikeleni izingxenye zemishini ukugwema ukulimala kwemishini.
VIII. Iyaqopha
Ukurekhoda kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekuhloleni ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Amarekhodi anemininingwane adinga ukwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa futhi agcwaliswe ngokucacile ngokuhambisana nefomethi eshiwo. Idatha yokuhlola, umehluko kusukela kuzinga elishiwo, umbono wokwahlulela, nombono wokwelashwa udinga ukugcwaliswa. Umhloli udinga ukusayina futhi akhombise isikhathi sokuhlola.
Okuqukethwe kwerekhodi kufaka phakathi izinto zokuhlola, imiphumela yokuhlolwa, amanani ajwayelekile, umehluko, okuvelayo kokwahlulela, imibono yokwelashwa, njll. Ngokurekhoda, izimo zokusebenza zamathuluzi zingaqondwa ngesikhathi, futhi izinkinga zingasingathwa ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amarekhodi anganikeza nokusekelwa kwedatha yokuqapha isimo semishini kanye nokuxilongwa kwamaphutha, okusiza ukuhlaziya izimbangela zamaphutha kanye nezitayela zokuthuthukiswa kwemishini.
Ifomethi yerekhodi idinga ukuhlanganiswa futhi ifane ukuze kube lula ukuqoqwa kwedatha nokuhlaziya. Ukugcwaliswa kwamarekhodi kudinga ukwenziwa ngonembeza nangokuzibophezela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nobuqiniso bedatha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kusungulwe uhlelo lokuphatha amarekhodi ukuze kumiswe ukuphathwa kokugcinwa kwamarekhodi, ukufinyelela, nokuhlaziya.
Ukurekhoda kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekuhloleni ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Amarekhodi anemininingwane adinga ukwenziwa ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa futhi agcwaliswe ngokucacile ngokuhambisana nefomethi eshiwo. Idatha yokuhlola, umehluko kusukela kuzinga elishiwo, umbono wokwahlulela, nombono wokwelashwa udinga ukugcwaliswa. Umhloli udinga ukusayina futhi akhombise isikhathi sokuhlola.
Okuqukethwe kwerekhodi kufaka phakathi izinto zokuhlola, imiphumela yokuhlolwa, amanani ajwayelekile, umehluko, okuvelayo kokwahlulela, imibono yokwelashwa, njll. Ngokurekhoda, izimo zokusebenza zamathuluzi zingaqondwa ngesikhathi, futhi izinkinga zingasingathwa ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amarekhodi anganikeza nokusekelwa kwedatha yokuqapha isimo semishini kanye nokuxilongwa kwamaphutha, okusiza ukuhlaziya izimbangela zamaphutha kanye nezitayela zokuthuthukiswa kwemishini.
Ifomethi yerekhodi idinga ukuhlanganiswa futhi ifane ukuze kube lula ukuqoqwa kwedatha nokuhlaziya. Ukugcwaliswa kwamarekhodi kudinga ukwenziwa ngonembeza nangokuzibophezela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nobuqiniso bedatha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele kusungulwe uhlelo lokuphatha amarekhodi ukuze kumiswe ukuphathwa kokugcinwa kwamarekhodi, ukufinyelela, nokuhlaziya.
IX. Ukwelashwa
Ukwelashwa kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekuhloleni ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Izinto ezingaphathwa futhi zilungiswe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa zidinga ukuphathwa futhi zilungiswe ngesikhathi, futhi imiphumela yokwelashwa idinga ukurekhodwa kurekhodi lokwelashwa. Uma lingekho ikhono noma umbandela wokuwusingatha, izisebenzi ezifanele zidinga ukubikwa kusenesikhathi ukuze zisingathe. Nokho, noma ubani ophatha noma nini udinga ukugcwalisa irekhodi lokwelashwa.
Ezinkingeni ezithile ezilula, njengokungahlanzeki ngokwanele kanye nokungagcobiswa kahle kwezinto zokusebenza, abasebenzi abahlolayo bangakwazi ukuzisingatha futhi bazilungise ngesikhathi. Ezinkingeni ezithile ezidinga ukuthi izisebenzi ezinakekela isondlo zisingathwe, njengokwehluleka kwemishini nokulimala kwengxenye, izisebenzi ezifanele zidinga ukubikwa kusenesikhathi ukuze kuhlelwe ukuthi izisebenzi ezinakekela isondlo zisingathe. Lapho kusingathwa izinkinga, imisebenzi idinga ukwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezinqubo ezishiwo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kokwelashwa.
Imiphumela yokwelashwa idinga ukurekhodwa kurekhodi lokwelashwa, okuhlanganisa isikhathi sokwelashwa, izisebenzi zokwelashwa, izindlela zokwelashwa, nemiphumela yokwelapha. Ngerekhodi lokwelashwa, isimo sokusingatha izinkinga singaqondwa ngesikhathi, sinikeze ireferensi yomsebenzi wokuhlola olandelayo.
Ukwelashwa kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekuhloleni ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Izinto ezingaphathwa futhi zilungiswe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa zidinga ukuphathwa futhi zilungiswe ngesikhathi, futhi imiphumela yokwelashwa idinga ukurekhodwa kurekhodi lokwelashwa. Uma lingekho ikhono noma umbandela wokuwusingatha, izisebenzi ezifanele zidinga ukubikwa kusenesikhathi ukuze zisingathe. Nokho, noma ubani ophatha noma nini udinga ukugcwalisa irekhodi lokwelashwa.
Ezinkingeni ezithile ezilula, njengokungahlanzeki ngokwanele kanye nokungagcobiswa kahle kwezinto zokusebenza, abasebenzi abahlolayo bangakwazi ukuzisingatha futhi bazilungise ngesikhathi. Ezinkingeni ezithile ezidinga ukuthi izisebenzi ezinakekela isondlo zisingathwe, njengokwehluleka kwemishini nokulimala kwengxenye, izisebenzi ezifanele zidinga ukubikwa kusenesikhathi ukuze kuhlelwe ukuthi izisebenzi ezinakekela isondlo zisingathe. Lapho kusingathwa izinkinga, imisebenzi idinga ukwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezinqubo ezishiwo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusebenza ngempumelelo kokwelashwa.
Imiphumela yokwelashwa idinga ukurekhodwa kurekhodi lokwelashwa, okuhlanganisa isikhathi sokwelashwa, izisebenzi zokwelashwa, izindlela zokwelashwa, nemiphumela yokwelapha. Ngerekhodi lokwelashwa, isimo sokusingatha izinkinga singaqondwa ngesikhathi, sinikeze ireferensi yomsebenzi wokuhlola olandelayo.
X. Ukuhlaziya
Ukuhlaziya isixhumanisi esifingqiwe sokuhlolwa kwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Amarekhodi okuhlola namarekhodi okwelashwa adinga ukuhlaziywa ngokuhlelekile njalo ukuze kutholwe “amaphuzu okunakekela” abuthaka, okungukuthi, amaphuzu anezinga eliphezulu lokuhluleka noma izixhumanisi nokulahlekelwa okukhulu, ukubeka imibono, futhi kuyihambise kubaklami ukuze bathuthukiswe.
Ngokuhlaziywa kwamarekhodi okuhlolwa namarekhodi okwelashwa, izimo zokusebenza kanye namaphethini okwenzeka kokwehluleka kwemishini kungaqondwa, futhi izixhumanisi ezibuthakathaka zezinto zokusebenza zingatholakala. Emaphoyinti okulungisa anamazinga aphezulu okuhluleka, ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa kudinga ukuqiniswa, futhi izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zidinga ukuthathwa ukuze kwehliswe izinga lokuhluleka. Ngezixhumanisi ezinokulahlekelwa okukhulu, umklamo wokuthuthukisa udinga ukwenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwethembeka nokuzinza kwemishini.
Imiphumela yokuhlaziya idinga ukuthi yakhelwe ibe yimibiko futhi ihanjiswe eminyangweni efanele kanye nakubasebenzi ukuze kuhlinzekwe isisekelo sokuthatha izinqumo sokuthuthukiswa nokuphathwa kwemishini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imiphumela yokuhlaziya idinga ukulandelelwa futhi iqinisekiswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezinyathelo zokuthuthukisa.
Ukuhlolwa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kungahlukaniswa ngamaleveli amabili: ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke nokuhlolwa okugcwele. Ukuhlola kwansuku zonke kunesibopho sokuhlola izingxenye ezijwayelekile zethuluzi lomshini, ukuphatha nokuhlola amaphutha okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini, futhi kwenziwa abaqhubi bamathuluzi omshini. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi esigcwele kunesibopho sokwenza ukuhlolwa okubalulekile kanye nokuqapha isimo semishini kanye nokuxilongwa kwephutha kwezingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile zethuluzi lomshini njalo, ukwenza izinhlelo zokuhlola, ukwenza amarekhodi okuxilonga, ukuhlaziya imiphumela yesondlo, kanye nokuphakamisa iziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kokugcinwa kokugcinwa kwemishini, futhi kwenziwa izisebenzi zesikhathi esigcwele zokulondoloza.
Ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke kuyisisekelo sokuhlolwa kwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Ngokuhlola kwansuku zonke, opharetha bangathola izinkinga ezincane zemishini ngesikhathi futhi bagweme ukwanda kwezinkinga. Okuqukethwe kokuhlolwa kwansuku zonke kuhlanganisa ukubukeka, ukuhlanzeka, isimo sokuthambisa, nomsindo wokusebenza kwemishini. Ama-opharetha kudingeka ahlole ngokwesikhathi esishiwo kanye nendlela futhi abhale imiphumela yokuhlolwa efomini lokuhlola lansuku zonke.
Ukuhlola isikhathi esigcwele kuwumgogodla wokuhlolwa kwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Ngokuhlola isikhathi esigcwele, izisebenzi zesikhathi esigcwele zokunakekela zingakwazi ukuqonda ngokujulile izimo zokusebenza zemishini, bathole izinkinga ezingaba khona zemishini ngesikhathi, futhi banikeze ukusekelwa kwedatha yokuqapha isimo semishini kanye nokuxilongwa kwamaphutha. Okuqukethwe ekuhlolweni kwesikhathi esigcwele kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile zemishini, ukuqapha isimo semishini, nokuxilongwa kwamaphutha. Izisebenzi ezinakekela isondlo zesikhathi esigcwele kudingeka zihlole ngokwesikhathi esishiwo kanye nendlela futhi zirekhode imiphumela yokuhlolwa efomini lokuhlola eligcwele.
Njengohlelo lomsebenzi, ukuhlolwa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokujulile futhi kubekezelele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwethuluzi lomshini. Ukuze kube lula ukusebenza, okuqukethwe kokuhlolwa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kungafakwa kuhlu kuthebula elifushane noma kumelelwe umdwebo. Ngefomu lethebula noma umdwebo, okuqukethwe nezindlela zokuhlola kungaboniswa ngokunembile, kube lula ukusebenza kwabasebenzi bokuhlola.
Sengiphetha, ukuphathwa kokuhlolwa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kuwumsebenzi ohlelekile odinga ukuphathwa okuphelele okuvela ezicini eziningi ezifana namaphuzu angaguquki, amazinga amisiwe, izikhathi ezimisiwe, izinto ezihleliwe, izisebenzi ezingaguquki, izindlela ezihleliwe, ukuhlolwa, ukuqoshwa, ukwelashwa, nokuhlaziya. Ngokuphathwa kokuhlolwa kwesayensi nokujwayelekile kuphela lapho izinkinga ezingaba khona zemishini zingatholakala ngesikhathi, izinga lokuhluleka lincishiswe, ukuthembeka nokuzinza kwemishini kwenziwe ngcono, futhi kuhlinzekwe nokusekelwa okuqinile ekukhiqizeni nasekusebenzeni kwamabhizinisi.
Ukuhlaziya isixhumanisi esifingqiwe sokuhlolwa kwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Amarekhodi okuhlola namarekhodi okwelashwa adinga ukuhlaziywa ngokuhlelekile njalo ukuze kutholwe “amaphuzu okunakekela” abuthaka, okungukuthi, amaphuzu anezinga eliphezulu lokuhluleka noma izixhumanisi nokulahlekelwa okukhulu, ukubeka imibono, futhi kuyihambise kubaklami ukuze bathuthukiswe.
Ngokuhlaziywa kwamarekhodi okuhlolwa namarekhodi okwelashwa, izimo zokusebenza kanye namaphethini okwenzeka kokwehluleka kwemishini kungaqondwa, futhi izixhumanisi ezibuthakathaka zezinto zokusebenza zingatholakala. Emaphoyinti okulungisa anamazinga aphezulu okuhluleka, ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa kudinga ukuqiniswa, futhi izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zidinga ukuthathwa ukuze kwehliswe izinga lokuhluleka. Ngezixhumanisi ezinokulahlekelwa okukhulu, umklamo wokuthuthukisa udinga ukwenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwethembeka nokuzinza kwemishini.
Imiphumela yokuhlaziya idinga ukuthi yakhelwe ibe yimibiko futhi ihanjiswe eminyangweni efanele kanye nakubasebenzi ukuze kuhlinzekwe isisekelo sokuthatha izinqumo sokuthuthukiswa nokuphathwa kwemishini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imiphumela yokuhlaziya idinga ukulandelelwa futhi iqinisekiswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezinyathelo zokuthuthukisa.
Ukuhlolwa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kungahlukaniswa ngamaleveli amabili: ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke nokuhlolwa okugcwele. Ukuhlola kwansuku zonke kunesibopho sokuhlola izingxenye ezijwayelekile zethuluzi lomshini, ukuphatha nokuhlola amaphutha okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini, futhi kwenziwa abaqhubi bamathuluzi omshini. Ukuhlolwa kwesikhathi esigcwele kunesibopho sokwenza ukuhlolwa okubalulekile kanye nokuqapha isimo semishini kanye nokuxilongwa kwephutha kwezingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile zethuluzi lomshini njalo, ukwenza izinhlelo zokuhlola, ukwenza amarekhodi okuxilonga, ukuhlaziya imiphumela yesondlo, kanye nokuphakamisa iziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kokugcinwa kokugcinwa kwemishini, futhi kwenziwa izisebenzi zesikhathi esigcwele zokulondoloza.
Ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke kuyisisekelo sokuhlolwa kwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Ngokuhlola kwansuku zonke, opharetha bangathola izinkinga ezincane zemishini ngesikhathi futhi bagweme ukwanda kwezinkinga. Okuqukethwe kokuhlolwa kwansuku zonke kuhlanganisa ukubukeka, ukuhlanzeka, isimo sokuthambisa, nomsindo wokusebenza kwemishini. Ama-opharetha kudingeka ahlole ngokwesikhathi esishiwo kanye nendlela futhi abhale imiphumela yokuhlolwa efomini lokuhlola lansuku zonke.
Ukuhlola isikhathi esigcwele kuwumgogodla wokuhlolwa kwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Ngokuhlola isikhathi esigcwele, izisebenzi zesikhathi esigcwele zokunakekela zingakwazi ukuqonda ngokujulile izimo zokusebenza zemishini, bathole izinkinga ezingaba khona zemishini ngesikhathi, futhi banikeze ukusekelwa kwedatha yokuqapha isimo semishini kanye nokuxilongwa kwamaphutha. Okuqukethwe ekuhlolweni kwesikhathi esigcwele kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwezingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile zemishini, ukuqapha isimo semishini, nokuxilongwa kwamaphutha. Izisebenzi ezinakekela isondlo zesikhathi esigcwele kudingeka zihlole ngokwesikhathi esishiwo kanye nendlela futhi zirekhode imiphumela yokuhlolwa efomini lokuhlola eligcwele.
Njengohlelo lomsebenzi, ukuhlolwa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kufanele kusetshenziswe ngokujulile futhi kubekezelele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwethuluzi lomshini. Ukuze kube lula ukusebenza, okuqukethwe kokuhlolwa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kungafakwa kuhlu kuthebula elifushane noma kumelelwe umdwebo. Ngefomu lethebula noma umdwebo, okuqukethwe nezindlela zokuhlola kungaboniswa ngokunembile, kube lula ukusebenza kwabasebenzi bokuhlola.
Sengiphetha, ukuphathwa kokuhlolwa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kuwumsebenzi ohlelekile odinga ukuphathwa okuphelele okuvela ezicini eziningi ezifana namaphuzu angaguquki, amazinga amisiwe, izikhathi ezimisiwe, izinto ezihleliwe, izisebenzi ezingaguquki, izindlela ezihleliwe, ukuhlolwa, ukuqoshwa, ukwelashwa, nokuhlaziya. Ngokuphathwa kokuhlolwa kwesayensi nokujwayelekile kuphela lapho izinkinga ezingaba khona zemishini zingatholakala ngesikhathi, izinga lokuhluleka lincishiswe, ukuthembeka nokuzinza kwemishini kwenziwe ngcono, futhi kuhlinzekwe nokusekelwa okuqinile ekukhiqizeni nasekusebenzeni kwamabhizinisi.