Uhlelo lwe-CNC lwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC
Kunezici eziningi ezithinta inqubo yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, futhi lapho uhlaziya inqubo yezingcezu zokusebenza, izici zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kufanele zicatshangelwe. Kucatshangelwa uchungechunge lwezici ezinjengokuhlelwa kwemizila yenqubo yengxenye, ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi omshini, ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi okusika, nokubopha izingxenye. Amathuluzi emishini ehlukene ye-CNC ahambisana nezinqubo ezihlukene nezinto zokusebenza, futhi indlela yokukhetha ithuluzi lomshini eliphusile isibe ukhiye wokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamabhizinisi. Uhlelo lwe-CNC lwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC luhlanganisa idivayisi ye-CNC, idrayivu yokuphakelayo (iyunithi yokulawula izinga lokuphakelayo kanye ne-servo motor), i-spindle drive (iyunithi yokulawula isivinini sokuphotha kanye ne-spindle motor), kanye nezingxenye zokuthola. Lapho ukhetha isistimu ye-CNC, okuqukethwe okungenhla kufanele kufakwe.
1, Ukukhethwa kwamadivayisi we-CNC
(1) Thayipha ukukhetha
Khetha idivayisi ye-CNC ehambisanayo ngokohlobo lwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Ngokuvamile, amadivaysi e-CNC afanele izinhlobo zomshini ezifana nokujika, ukubhola, ukubhoreka, ukugaya, ukugaya, ukugxiviza, nokusika kokukhipha ugesi, futhi kufanele kukhethwe ngokufanele.
(2) Ukukhetha ukusebenza
Ukusebenza kwamadivayisi ahlukene e-CNC kuyehluka kakhulu, njengenani lama-eksisi okulawula afaka i-eksisi eyodwa, i-eksisi engu-2, i-axis engu-3, i-4-eksisi, i-axis engu-5, kanye nama-eksisi angaphezu kuka-10 noma angu-20; Kunezimbazo zokuxhumanisa ezi-2 noma ngaphezulu, futhi isivinini sokuphakela esiphezulu singu-10m/min, 15m/min, 24m/min, 240m/min; Ukulungiswa kungu-0.01mm, 0.001mm, no-0.0001mm. Lezi zinkomba zihlukile, futhi amanani nawo ahlukile. Kufanele zisekelwe ezidingweni zangempela zethuluzi lomshini. Isibonelo, ngomshini ojwayelekile wokujika, izimbazo ezi-2 noma ezi-4 (umphathi wamathuluzi akabili) kufanele kukhethwe, futhi kumshini wezingxenye eziyisicaba, ukuxhuma kwezimbazo ezi-3 noma ngaphezulu kufanele kukhethwe. Ungaphishekeli izinga lakamuva neliphezulu, khetha ngobuhlakani.
(3) Ukukhethwa kwemisebenzi
Uhlelo lwe-CNC lwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC lunemisebenzi eminingi, kuhlanganise nemisebenzi eyisisekelo - imisebenzi ebalulekile yamadivayisi we-CNC; Umsebenzi wokukhetha - umsebenzi abasebenzisi abangakhetha kuwo. Eminye imisebenzi ikhethwa ukuze kuxazululwe izinto ezihlukene zomshini, eminye ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokwenza imishini, eminye ukuze kube lula ukuhlela, kanti eminye ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokugcinwa kokulungisa. Eminye imisebenzi yokukhetha ihlobene, futhi ukukhetha le nketho kudinga ukukhetha enye inketho. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha kufanele kusekelwe ezidingweni zokuklama zethuluzi lomshini. Ungakhethi imisebenzi eminingi ngaphandle kokuhlaziya, futhi uyeke imisebenzi efanele, okuzonciphisa ukusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC futhi kubangele ukulahlekelwa okungadingekile.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezilawuli ezihlelekayo emsebenzini wokukhetha: eyakhelwe ngaphakathi futhi ezimele. Kungcono ukukhetha uhlobo lwangaphakathi, olunamamodeli ahlukene. Okokuqala, ukukhetha kufanele kusekelwe enanini lamaphoyinti esignali okokufaka nokuphumayo phakathi kwedivayisi ye-CNC nethuluzi lomshini. Inombolo yamaphuzu ekhethiwe kufanele ibe phezulu kancane kunenombolo yangempela yamaphuzu, futhi inkomishi eyodwa ingase idinge ukusebenza kokulawula okungeziwe nokushintshiwe. Okwesibili, kuyadingeka ukulinganisa ubukhulu bezinhlelo ezilandelanayo bese ukhetha umthamo wokugcina. Usayizi wohlelo ukhuphuka ngobunkimbinkimbi bethuluzi lomshini, namandla okugcina nawo ayanda. Kufanele kukhethwe ngokufanele ngokuvumelana nesimo esithile. Kukhona nokucaciswa kobuchwepheshe okufana nesikhathi sokucubungula, umsebenzi weziyalezo, isibali sikhathi, isibali, ukudluliselwa kwangaphakathi, njll., futhi ubuningi kufanele buhlangabezane nezidingo zedizayini.
(4) Ukukhetha intengo
Amazwe ahlukene nabakhiqizi bedivayisi ye-CNC bakhiqiza ukucaciswa okuhlukile kwemikhiqizo enomehluko omkhulu wamanani. Ngokusekelwe ekukhethweni kwezinhlobo zokulawula, ukusebenza, nemisebenzi, ukuhlaziya okuphelele kwesilinganiso senani lokusebenza kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kukhethwe amadivayisi e-CNC anezilinganiso zentengo yokusebenza okuphezulu ukuze kwehliswe izindleko.
(5) Ukukhethwa kwezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe
Lapho kukhethwa amadivayisi e-CNC ahlangabezana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe, kufanele kucatshangelwe isithunzi somkhiqizi, ukuthi ingabe imiyalelo yokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo namanye amadokhumenti aphelele, nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukunikeza ukuqeqeshwa kubasebenzisi ngohlelo, ukusebenza, kanye nezisebenzi zokunakekela. Ingabe ukhona umnyango ozinikele wesevisi yezobuchwepheshe ohlinzeka ngezingxenye eziyisipele zesikhathi eside kanye nezinsizakalo zokulungisa ngesikhathi ukuze kwandiswe izinzuzo zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho.
2, Ukukhethwa kwedrayivu yokuphakelayo
(1) Okubalulekile kufanele kunikezwe ukusebenzisa ama-AC servo motors
Ngoba uma iqhathaniswa namamotho e-DC, ine-rotor inertia encane, impendulo eguquguqukayo engcono, amandla aphezulu okukhipha, isivinini esiphezulu, isakhiwo esilula, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nemvelo yohlelo lokusebenza engavinjelwe.
(2) Bala izimo zomthwalo
Khetha imininingwane efanelekile ye-servo motor ngokubala kahle izimo zomthwalo osetshenziswa ku-motor shaft.
(3) Khetha iyunithi yokulawula isivinini ehambisanayo
Umkhiqizi wedrayivu yokuphakelayo uhlinzeka ngesethi ephelele yemikhiqizo yeyunithi yokulawula izinga lokuphakelayo kanye nenjini ye-servo ekhiqizwayo, ngakho-ke ngemva kokukhetha imoto ye-servo, iyunithi yokulawula isivinini ehambisanayo ikhethwa ngokuvumelana nebhukwana lomkhiqizo.
3, Ukukhethwa kwe-spindle drive
(1) Okubalulekile kufanele kunikezwe ama-spindle motors ajwayelekile
Ngenxa yokuthi ayinayo imikhawulo yokuhamba, isivinini esikhulu, nomthamo omkhulu njengama-spindle motors e-DC, inohlu olubanzi lokulawula isivinini samandla njalo, umsindo ophansi, futhi ishibhile. Njengamanje, u-85% wamathuluzi omshini we-CNC emhlabeni jikelele asebenzisa i-AC spindle drive.
(2) Khetha i-spindle motor njengoba kudingeka
① Bala amandla okusika ngokusekelwe kumathuluzi omshini ahlukene, futhi injini ekhethiwe kufanele ihlangabezane nale mfuneko; ② Ngokuhambisana nesikhathi esidingekayo sokusheshisa nokuncishiswa kwe-spindle, bala ukuthi amandla emoto akumele eqe amandla aphezulu okukhipha imoto; ③ Ezimeni lapho ukuqalisa nokubhuleka njalo kwe-spindle kuyadingeka, amandla amaphakathi kufanele abalwe, futhi inani lawo alikwazi ukudlula amandla okukhiphayo alinganiselwe enjini; ④ Ezimeni lapho kudingeka khona ukulawula okungaguquki kwendawo, isamba samandla okusika adingekayo ukuze kulawuleke isivinini esiphezulu kanye namandla adingekayo ukuze kusheshiswe kufanele kube ngaphakathi kwebanga lamandla elinganikezwa injini.
(3) Khetha iyunithi yokulawula ijubane lokuphotha elihambisanayo
Umkhiqizi we-spindle drive uhlinzeka ngesethi ephelele yemikhiqizo yeyunithi yokulawula isivinini sokuphotha kanye nenjini yokuphotha ekhiqizwayo. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokukhetha i-spindle motor, iyunithi yokulawula isivinini sokuphotha ehambisanayo ikhethwa ngokuya ngebhukwana lomkhiqizo.
(4) Khetha indlela yokulawula eqondisayo
Uma ukulawulwa kokuqondisa kwe-spindle kuyadingeka, isifaki khodi sendawo noma inzwa kazibuthe ingakhethwa ngokuya ngesimo sangempela sethuluzi lomshini ukuze kuzuzwe ukulawula kokuqondisa kwe-spindle.
4, Ukukhethwa kwezingxenye zokuthola
(1) Khetha indlela yokulinganisa
Ngokohlelo lokulawula isikhundla sohlelo lwe-CNC, ukugudluzwa komugqa kwethuluzi lomshini kukalwa ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, futhi izingxenye zokuthola umugqa noma ezijikelezayo ziyakhethwa. Njengamanje, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC asebenzisa kakhulu isilawuli se-loop esivaliwe, esebenzisa izingxenye zokulinganisa i-rotary angle (ama-rotary transformer, ama-pulse encoder).
(2) Cabangela ukunemba kokutholwa nesivinini
Ngokwezidingo zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, noma ngabe ukuthola ukunemba noma isivinini, khetha indawo noma izingxenye zokuthola isivinini (amajeneretha okuhlola, izifaki khodi ze-pulse). Ngokuvamile, amathuluzi omshini amakhulu aklanyelwe kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zejubane, kuyilapho amathuluzi omshini wokunemba okuphezulu nosayizi omncane nomaphakathi aklanyelwe kakhulu ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokunemba. Ukulungiswa kwengxenye yokuthola ekhethiwe ngokuvamile kuwuhlelo olulodwa lobukhulu obungaphezu kokunemba komshini.
(3) Khetha izifaki khodi ze-pulse zokucaciswa okuhambisanayo
Khetha ukucaciswa okuhambisanayo kwezifaki khodi ze-pulse ngokusekelwe ku-screw pitch yebhola yethuluzi lomshini we-CNC, ubuncane besivinini sokunyakaza sohlelo lwe-CNC, isiphindaphindi semiyalo, nesiphindaphindi sokutholwa.
(4) Cabangela amasekethe esixhumi esibonakalayo
Uma ukhetha izingxenye zokuthola, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi idivayisi ye-CNC inamasekhethi esibonakalayo ahambisanayo.