Incazelo Eningiliziwe Yezindlela Zokuxhumanisa Phakathi Kwezikhungo Zomshini namakhompyutha
Ekwenziweni kwesimanjemanje, ukuxhumana nokudlulisa phakathi kwezikhungo zemishini namakhompyutha kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba zenza ukuthi izinhlelo zidluliselwe ngokushesha kanye nokwenza kahle imishini. Amasistimu e-CNC ezikhungo zemishini ngokuvamile anemisebenzi eminingi yokuxhumana, njenge-RS-232, ikhadi le-CF, i-DNC, i-Ethernet, ne-USB interface. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokuxhuma kuncike ohlelweni lwe-CNC kanye nezinhlobo ze-interfaces ezifakiwe, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, izici ezifana nobukhulu bezinhlelo zomshini nazo zidinga ukucatshangelwa.
I. Ukukhetha Indlela Yokuxhumana Ngokusekelwe Kusayizi Wohlelo
I-DNC Online Transmission (Ifanele izinhlelo ezinkulu, njengasembonini yokubumba):
I-DNC (Direct Numerical Control) ibhekisela ekulawuleni okuqondile kwedijithali, okuvumela ikhompuyutha ukuthi ilawule ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwesikhungo somshini ngokusebenzisa imigqa yokuxhumana, iqaphela ukudluliswa kwe-inthanethi kanye nokwenza imishini yezinhlelo zemishini. Lapho isikhungo somshini sidinga ukwenza izinhlelo ezinenkumbulo enkulu, ukudluliselwa kwe-inthanethi kwe-DNC kuyisinqumo esihle. Ekwenziweni kwesikhunta, ukukhanda indawo okugobile okuyinkimbinkimbi kuvame ukubandakanyeka, kanti nezinhlelo zomshini zinkulu uma kuqhathaniswa. I-DNC ingaqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zenziwa ngenkathi zisakazwa, igwema inkinga yokuthi lonke uhlelo alukwazi ukulayishwa ngenxa yenkumbulo enganele yesikhungo somshini.
Umgomo wayo wokusebenza ukuthi ikhompuyutha isungula ukuxhumana nohlelo lwe-CNC lwesikhungo somshini ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano ezithile zokuxhumana futhi idlulisele idatha yohlelo esikhungweni somshini ngesikhathi sangempela. Isikhungo somshini sibe sesenza imisebenzi yomshini ngokusekelwe kudatha etholiwe. Le ndlela inezidingo eziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa zokusimama kokuxhumana. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwekhompiyutha kanye nesikhungo somshini kuzinzile futhi kunokwethenjelwa; uma kungenjalo, izinkinga ezinjengokuphazamiseka komshini nokulahleka kwedatha kungenzeka.
I-DNC Online Transmission (Ifanele izinhlelo ezinkulu, njengasembonini yokubumba):
I-DNC (Direct Numerical Control) ibhekisela ekulawuleni okuqondile kwedijithali, okuvumela ikhompuyutha ukuthi ilawule ngokuqondile ukusebenza kwesikhungo somshini ngokusebenzisa imigqa yokuxhumana, iqaphela ukudluliswa kwe-inthanethi kanye nokwenza imishini yezinhlelo zemishini. Lapho isikhungo somshini sidinga ukwenza izinhlelo ezinenkumbulo enkulu, ukudluliselwa kwe-inthanethi kwe-DNC kuyisinqumo esihle. Ekwenziweni kwesikhunta, ukukhanda indawo okugobile okuyinkimbinkimbi kuvame ukubandakanyeka, kanti nezinhlelo zomshini zinkulu uma kuqhathaniswa. I-DNC ingaqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zenziwa ngenkathi zisakazwa, igwema inkinga yokuthi lonke uhlelo alukwazi ukulayishwa ngenxa yenkumbulo enganele yesikhungo somshini.
Umgomo wayo wokusebenza ukuthi ikhompuyutha isungula ukuxhumana nohlelo lwe-CNC lwesikhungo somshini ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano ezithile zokuxhumana futhi idlulisele idatha yohlelo esikhungweni somshini ngesikhathi sangempela. Isikhungo somshini sibe sesenza imisebenzi yomshini ngokusekelwe kudatha etholiwe. Le ndlela inezidingo eziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa zokusimama kokuxhumana. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwekhompiyutha kanye nesikhungo somshini kuzinzile futhi kunokwethenjelwa; uma kungenjalo, izinkinga ezinjengokuphazamiseka komshini nokulahleka kwedatha kungenzeka.
I-CF Card Transmission (Ifanele izinhlelo ezincane, ezilula futhi ezisheshayo, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwenzeni imishini ye-CNC):
Ikhadi le-CF (Compact Flash Card) linezinzuzo zokuba lincane, liyaphatheka, libe nomthamo omkhulu wesitoreji, kanye nesivinini sokufunda nokubhala ngokushesha. Ngomshini we-CNC womkhiqizo onezinhlelo ezincane, ukusebenzisa ikhadi le-CF ekudluliseni uhlelo kulula kakhulu futhi kuyasebenza. Gcina izinhlelo zomshini ezibhaliwe ekhadini le-CF, bese ufaka ikhadi le-CF endaweni ehambisanayo yesikhungo somshini, futhi uhlelo lungalayishwa ngokushesha ohlelweni lwe-CNC lwesikhungo somshini.
Isibonelo, ekucutshungulweni kweminye imikhiqizo ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi, uhlelo lomshini womkhiqizo ngamunye lulula futhi lunosayizi omaphakathi. Ukusebenzisa ikhadi le-CF kungadlulisa kalula izinhlelo phakathi kwezikhungo zemishini ehlukene futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhadi le-CF libuye libe nokuzinza okuhle futhi lingaqinisekisa ukudluliswa okunembile nokugcinwa kwezinhlelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa.
Ikhadi le-CF (Compact Flash Card) linezinzuzo zokuba lincane, liyaphatheka, libe nomthamo omkhulu wesitoreji, kanye nesivinini sokufunda nokubhala ngokushesha. Ngomshini we-CNC womkhiqizo onezinhlelo ezincane, ukusebenzisa ikhadi le-CF ekudluliseni uhlelo kulula kakhulu futhi kuyasebenza. Gcina izinhlelo zomshini ezibhaliwe ekhadini le-CF, bese ufaka ikhadi le-CF endaweni ehambisanayo yesikhungo somshini, futhi uhlelo lungalayishwa ngokushesha ohlelweni lwe-CNC lwesikhungo somshini.
Isibonelo, ekucutshungulweni kweminye imikhiqizo ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi, uhlelo lomshini womkhiqizo ngamunye lulula futhi lunosayizi omaphakathi. Ukusebenzisa ikhadi le-CF kungadlulisa kalula izinhlelo phakathi kwezikhungo zemishini ehlukene futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhadi le-CF libuye libe nokuzinza okuhle futhi lingaqinisekisa ukudluliswa okunembile nokugcinwa kwezinhlelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa.
II. Imisebenzi Eqondile Yokuxhuma Isikhungo Somashini Wesistimu ye-FANUC Kukhompyutha (Ukuthatha Ukudluliselwa Kwekhadi Le-CF Njengesibonelo)
Ukulungiswa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha:
Okokuqala, faka ikhadi le-CF endaweni yekhadi le-CF ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwesikrini (kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izindawo zezikhala zekhadi le-CF kumathuluzi emishini ehlukene zingahluka). Qinisekisa ukuthi ikhadi le-CF lifakwe ngendlela efanele futhi ngaphandle kokuxega.
Ukulungiswa kwezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha:
Okokuqala, faka ikhadi le-CF endaweni yekhadi le-CF ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwesikrini (kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izindawo zezikhala zekhadi le-CF kumathuluzi emishini ehlukene zingahluka). Qinisekisa ukuthi ikhadi le-CF lifakwe ngendlela efanele futhi ngaphandle kokuxega.
Izilungiselelo Zepharamitha Yethuluzi Lomshini:
Vula iswishi yokhiye wokuvikela uhlelo ukuze ithi “VALIWE”. Lesi sinyathelo esokuvumela ukusethwa kwemingcele efanele yethuluzi lomshini kanye nokusebenza kokudluliswa kohlelo.
Cindezela inkinobho ethi [OFFSET SETTING], bese ucindezela ukhiye othambile [SETTING] ngaphansi kwesikrini ukuze ufake isixhumi esibonakalayo sokusetha ithuluzi lomshini.
Khetha imodi eya kwimodi ye-MDI (Manual Data Input). Kwimodi ye-MDI, eminye imiyalelo nemingcele ingafakwa ngesandla, elungele ukusetha imingcele efana neshaneli ye-I/O.
Setha isiteshi se-I/O sibe ngu-“4″. Lesi sinyathelo siwukwenza uhlelo lwe-CNC lwesikhungo somshini sikwazi ukuhlonza kahle isiteshi lapho ikhadi le-CF likhona futhi liqinisekise ukudluliswa kwedatha okunembile. Amathuluzi emishini ehlukene nezinhlelo ze-CNC angase abe nomehluko ekumisweni kwesiteshi se-I/O, futhi ukulungiswa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nesimo sangempela.
Vula iswishi yokhiye wokuvikela uhlelo ukuze ithi “VALIWE”. Lesi sinyathelo esokuvumela ukusethwa kwemingcele efanele yethuluzi lomshini kanye nokusebenza kokudluliswa kohlelo.
Cindezela inkinobho ethi [OFFSET SETTING], bese ucindezela ukhiye othambile [SETTING] ngaphansi kwesikrini ukuze ufake isixhumi esibonakalayo sokusetha ithuluzi lomshini.
Khetha imodi eya kwimodi ye-MDI (Manual Data Input). Kwimodi ye-MDI, eminye imiyalelo nemingcele ingafakwa ngesandla, elungele ukusetha imingcele efana neshaneli ye-I/O.
Setha isiteshi se-I/O sibe ngu-“4″. Lesi sinyathelo siwukwenza uhlelo lwe-CNC lwesikhungo somshini sikwazi ukuhlonza kahle isiteshi lapho ikhadi le-CF likhona futhi liqinisekise ukudluliswa kwedatha okunembile. Amathuluzi emishini ehlukene nezinhlelo ze-CNC angase abe nomehluko ekumisweni kwesiteshi se-I/O, futhi ukulungiswa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nesimo sangempela.
Uhlelo lokusebenza lokungenisa:
Shintshela kumodi yokuhlela "HLELA" bese ucindezela inkinobho ethi "PROG". Ngalesi sikhathi, isikrini sizobonisa ulwazi oluhlobene nohlelo.
Khetha ukhiye othambile womcibisholo ongakwesokudla ngaphansi kwesikrini, bese ukhetha “IKHADI”. Ngale ndlela, uhlu lwamafayela ekhadini le-CF lungabonakala.
Cindezela inkinobho ethambile ethi “Operation” ezansi kwesikrini ukuze ufake imenyu yokusebenza.
Cindezela inkinobho ethambile ethi “FREAD” ezansi kwesikrini. Ngalesi sikhathi, uhlelo luzokwazisa ukuthi ufake inombolo yohlelo (inombolo yefayela) ezongeniswa. Le nombolo ihambisana nohlelo olugcinwe ekhadini le-CF futhi idinga ukufakwa ngokunembile ukuze isistimu ikwazi ukuthola futhi idlulisele uhlelo olufanele.
Bese ucindezela inkinobho ethambile ethi “SET” ezansi kwesikrini bese ufaka inombolo yohlelo. Le nombolo yohlelo ibhekisela enombolweni yokugcina yohlelo ohlelweni lwe-CNC lwesikhungo somshini ngemva kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, olulungele izingcingo ezilandelayo phakathi nenqubo yokwenza imishini.
Ekugcineni, cindezela inkinobho ethambile ethi “EXEC” ezansi kwesikrini. Ngalesi sikhathi, uhlelo luqala ukungeniswa lusuka ekhadini le-CF luyiswe ohlelweni lwe-CNC lwesikhungo somshini. Phakathi nenqubo yokudlulisa, isikrini sizobonisa ulwazi lwenqubekelaphambili oluhambisanayo. Ngemuva kokuthi ukudluliswa sekuqediwe, uhlelo lungabizwa esikhungweni semishini yokusebenza kwemishini.
Shintshela kumodi yokuhlela "HLELA" bese ucindezela inkinobho ethi "PROG". Ngalesi sikhathi, isikrini sizobonisa ulwazi oluhlobene nohlelo.
Khetha ukhiye othambile womcibisholo ongakwesokudla ngaphansi kwesikrini, bese ukhetha “IKHADI”. Ngale ndlela, uhlu lwamafayela ekhadini le-CF lungabonakala.
Cindezela inkinobho ethambile ethi “Operation” ezansi kwesikrini ukuze ufake imenyu yokusebenza.
Cindezela inkinobho ethambile ethi “FREAD” ezansi kwesikrini. Ngalesi sikhathi, uhlelo luzokwazisa ukuthi ufake inombolo yohlelo (inombolo yefayela) ezongeniswa. Le nombolo ihambisana nohlelo olugcinwe ekhadini le-CF futhi idinga ukufakwa ngokunembile ukuze isistimu ikwazi ukuthola futhi idlulisele uhlelo olufanele.
Bese ucindezela inkinobho ethambile ethi “SET” ezansi kwesikrini bese ufaka inombolo yohlelo. Le nombolo yohlelo ibhekisela enombolweni yokugcina yohlelo ohlelweni lwe-CNC lwesikhungo somshini ngemva kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe, olulungele izingcingo ezilandelayo phakathi nenqubo yokwenza imishini.
Ekugcineni, cindezela inkinobho ethambile ethi “EXEC” ezansi kwesikrini. Ngalesi sikhathi, uhlelo luqala ukungeniswa lusuka ekhadini le-CF luyiswe ohlelweni lwe-CNC lwesikhungo somshini. Phakathi nenqubo yokudlulisa, isikrini sizobonisa ulwazi lwenqubekelaphambili oluhambisanayo. Ngemuva kokuthi ukudluliswa sekuqediwe, uhlelo lungabizwa esikhungweni semishini yokusebenza kwemishini.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi nakuba imisebenzi engenhla ngokuvamile isebenza ezikhungweni eziningi zemishini yesistimu ye-FANUC, kungase kube khona umehluko omncane phakathi kwamamodeli ahlukene ezikhungo zemishini ye-FANUC. Ngakho-ke, enqubweni yokusebenza yangempela, kunconywa ukubhekisela kubhukwana lokusebenza lethuluzi lomshini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuphepha komsebenzi.
Ngaphezu kokudluliswa kwekhadi le-CF, ezikhungweni zemishini ezifakwe ukuxhumana kwe-RS-232, zingaphinde zixhunywe kumakhompyutha ngezintambo ze-serial, bese zisebenzisa isofthiwe yokuxhumana ehambisanayo yokudlulisa uhlelo. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokudlulisela inesivinini esihamba kancane futhi idinga izilungiselelo zepharamitha eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengokumataniswa kwamapharamitha njenge-baud rate, amabhithi edatha, namabhithi okumisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxhumana okuzinzile nokulungile.
Ngokuqondene nezixhumanisi ze-Ethernet kanye ne-USB interface, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, izikhungo zemishini ezengeziwe zifakwe lezi zindawo zokusebenzelana, ezinezinzuzo zejubane lokudlulisela okusheshayo nokusetshenziswa okulula. Ngokuxhunywa kwe-Ethernet, izikhungo zemishini zingaxhunywa kunethiwekhi yendawo yendawo yefekthri, ziqaphela ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu phakathi kwazo namakhompyutha, futhi zinike amandla ukuqapha nokusebenza okukude. Lapho usebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo se-USB, esifana nokudluliswa kwekhadi le-CF, faka idivayisi ye-USB egcina uhlelo kusixhumi esibonakalayo se-USB sesikhungo somshini, bese ulandela inkomba yokusebenza yethuluzi lomshini ukwenza umsebenzi wokungenisa wohlelo.
Sengiphetha, kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuxhuma kanye nezindlela zokudlulisa phakathi kwezikhungo zomshini namakhompyutha. Kudingekile ukukhetha i-interface efanele kanye nezindlela zokudlulisa ngokusho kwesimo sangempela futhi ulandele ngokuqinile imiyalelo yokusebenza yethuluzi lomshini ukuze uqinisekise inqubekelaphambili eshelelayo yenqubo yomshini kanye nekhwalithi ezinzile nethembekile yemikhiqizo ecutshunguliwe. Embonini yokukhiqiza eqhubekayo, ukwazi ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana phakathi kwezikhungo zemishini namakhompyutha kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, futhi kusiza amabhizinisi ukuthi avumelane kangcono nesidingo semakethe nokuncintisana.