"Incazelo Eningiliziwe Yamathuluzi Okubuyisela kanye Nobuchwepheshe Bokucubungula Yemishini Yokugaya ye-CNC"
I. Isingeniso
Ekucutshungulweni kwemishini yokugaya ye-CNC, ukwenza kabusha kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuqeda imigodi nokuqeda. Ukukhethwa okunengqondo kwamathuluzi okuvuselela kabusha kanye nokunqunywa okufanele kwemingcele yokusika kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba komshini kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yemigodi. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula ngokuningiliziwe izici zamathuluzi okuvuselela kabusha emishini yokugaya ye-CNC, imingcele yokusika, ukukhetha okupholisayo, kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe bokucubungula.
Ekucutshungulweni kwemishini yokugaya ye-CNC, ukwenza kabusha kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuqeda imigodi nokuqeda. Ukukhethwa okunengqondo kwamathuluzi okuvuselela kabusha kanye nokunqunywa okufanele kwemingcele yokusika kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba komshini kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yemigodi. Lesi sihloko sizokwethula ngokuningiliziwe izici zamathuluzi okuvuselela kabusha emishini yokugaya ye-CNC, imingcele yokusika, ukukhetha okupholisayo, kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe bokucubungula.
II. Ukubunjwa kanye Nezimpawu Zamathuluzi Okubuyisela Imishini Yokugaya ye-CNC
I-Reamer yomshini ojwayelekile
Umshini wokuvuselela umshini ojwayelekile wakhiwe yingxenye yokusebenza, intamo, ne-shank. Kunamafomu amathathu e-shank: i-shank eqondile, i-taper shank, nohlobo lwemikhono, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokubopha zemishini yokugaya ye-CNC ehlukene.
Ingxenye yokusebenza (ingxenye yokusika enqenqemeni) ye-reamer ihlukaniswe yaba ingxenye yokusika kanye nengxenye yokulinganisa. Ingxenye yokusika i-conical futhi yenza umsebenzi oyinhloko wokusika. Ingxenye yokulinganisa ihlanganisa isilinda kanye nekhoni ehlanekezelwe. Ingxenye eyisilinda ngokuyinhloko idlala indima yokuqondisa isiqalisi, ukulinganisa imbobo eyenziwe ngomshini, nokupholisha. Ikhoni ehlanekezelwe ngokuyinhloko idlala indima yokunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-remer nodonga lwembobo futhi ivimbele ukunwebeka kwembobo.
I-reamer enqenqemeni olulodwa enokufakwa kwe-carbide okunenkomba
I-reamer enqenqemeni olulodwa ene-indexable carbide insertable ine-high cutting esebenza kahle kanye nokuqina. Okufakiwe kungashintshwa, kunciphisa izindleko zamathuluzi.
Ifanele ukucubungula izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu, njengensimbi ye-alloy, insimbi engagqwali, njll.
I-reamer entantayo
Isivuseleli esintantayo singalungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo isikhungo futhi sinxephezele ukuchezuka phakathi kwethuluzi lokuphotha lethuluzi lomshini kanye nembobo yesiqeshana sokusebenza, sithuthukise ukunemba kokuqalwa kabusha.
Ifaneleka ikakhulukazi ukucubungula izikhathi ezinezidingo eziphezulu zokunemba kwendawo yembobo.
I-Reamer yomshini ojwayelekile
Umshini wokuvuselela umshini ojwayelekile wakhiwe yingxenye yokusebenza, intamo, ne-shank. Kunamafomu amathathu e-shank: i-shank eqondile, i-taper shank, nohlobo lwemikhono, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokubopha zemishini yokugaya ye-CNC ehlukene.
Ingxenye yokusebenza (ingxenye yokusika enqenqemeni) ye-reamer ihlukaniswe yaba ingxenye yokusika kanye nengxenye yokulinganisa. Ingxenye yokusika i-conical futhi yenza umsebenzi oyinhloko wokusika. Ingxenye yokulinganisa ihlanganisa isilinda kanye nekhoni ehlanekezelwe. Ingxenye eyisilinda ngokuyinhloko idlala indima yokuqondisa isiqalisi, ukulinganisa imbobo eyenziwe ngomshini, nokupholisha. Ikhoni ehlanekezelwe ngokuyinhloko idlala indima yokunciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-remer nodonga lwembobo futhi ivimbele ukunwebeka kwembobo.
I-reamer enqenqemeni olulodwa enokufakwa kwe-carbide okunenkomba
I-reamer enqenqemeni olulodwa ene-indexable carbide insertable ine-high cutting esebenza kahle kanye nokuqina. Okufakiwe kungashintshwa, kunciphisa izindleko zamathuluzi.
Ifanele ukucubungula izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu, njengensimbi ye-alloy, insimbi engagqwali, njll.
I-reamer entantayo
Isivuseleli esintantayo singalungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo isikhungo futhi sinxephezele ukuchezuka phakathi kwethuluzi lokuphotha lethuluzi lomshini kanye nembobo yesiqeshana sokusebenza, sithuthukise ukunemba kokuqalwa kabusha.
Ifaneleka ikakhulukazi ukucubungula izikhathi ezinezidingo eziphezulu zokunemba kwendawo yembobo.
III. Ukusika Amapharamitha Okwenza I-Reaming ku-CNC Milling Machines
Ukujula kokusika
Ukujula kokusikwa kuthathwa njengemvume yokubuyisela kabusha. Isibonelelo sokuvuselela kabusha singu-0.15 - 0.35mm, kanti imali ekhokhwayo yokubuyisela kabusha ingu-0.05 - 0.15mm. Ukulawula okunengqondo kokujula kokusikwa kungaqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokwenza kabusha futhi kugweme ukulimala kwamathuluzi noma ukwehla kwekhwalithi yembobo ngenxa yamandla okusika ngokweqile.
Ukusika isivinini
Lapho izingxenye zensimbi ezilungisa kabusha, isivinini sokusika ngokuvamile singu-5 - 7m/min; uma ulungisa kabusha, isivinini sokusika singu-2 - 5m/min. Ukuze uthole izinto ezahlukene, ijubane lokusika kufanele lilungiswe ngendlela efanele. Isibonelo, lapho ucubungula izingxenye ze-cast iron, isivinini sokusika singancishiswa ngokufanelekile.
Izinga lokuphakelayo
Izinga lokuphakela ngokuvamile lingu-0.2 - 1.2mm. Uma izinga lokudla lilincane kakhulu, ukushelela nokuququda kuzokwenzeka, okuthinta ikhwalithi engaphezulu yembobo; uma izinga lokuphakelayo likhulu kakhulu, amandla okusika azokhuphuka, okuholela ekugugekeni kwamathuluzi okubi kakhulu. Ekucutshungulweni kwangempela, izinga lokuphakelayo kufanele likhethwe ngokunengqondo ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nezinto zokusebenza, ububanzi bembobo, kanye nezidingo zokunemba komshini.
Ukujula kokusika
Ukujula kokusikwa kuthathwa njengemvume yokubuyisela kabusha. Isibonelelo sokuvuselela kabusha singu-0.15 - 0.35mm, kanti imali ekhokhwayo yokubuyisela kabusha ingu-0.05 - 0.15mm. Ukulawula okunengqondo kokujula kokusikwa kungaqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokwenza kabusha futhi kugweme ukulimala kwamathuluzi noma ukwehla kwekhwalithi yembobo ngenxa yamandla okusika ngokweqile.
Ukusika isivinini
Lapho izingxenye zensimbi ezilungisa kabusha, isivinini sokusika ngokuvamile singu-5 - 7m/min; uma ulungisa kabusha, isivinini sokusika singu-2 - 5m/min. Ukuze uthole izinto ezahlukene, ijubane lokusika kufanele lilungiswe ngendlela efanele. Isibonelo, lapho ucubungula izingxenye ze-cast iron, isivinini sokusika singancishiswa ngokufanelekile.
Izinga lokuphakelayo
Izinga lokuphakela ngokuvamile lingu-0.2 - 1.2mm. Uma izinga lokudla lilincane kakhulu, ukushelela nokuququda kuzokwenzeka, okuthinta ikhwalithi engaphezulu yembobo; uma izinga lokuphakelayo likhulu kakhulu, amandla okusika azokhuphuka, okuholela ekugugekeni kwamathuluzi okubi kakhulu. Ekucutshungulweni kwangempela, izinga lokuphakelayo kufanele likhethwe ngokunengqondo ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nezinto zokusebenza, ububanzi bembobo, kanye nezidingo zokunemba komshini.
IV. Ukukhetha Okupholile
Ukucabanga ngensimbi
I-Emulsified liquid ifaneleka ukuphinda ifakwe ensimbi. I-Emulsified liquid inezinto ezipholile zokupholisa, zokugcoba, nezivimbela ukugqwala, ezinganciphisa ngempumelelo izinga lokushisa lokusika, zinciphise ukuguga kwamathuluzi, futhi zithuthukise ikhwalithi yangaphezulu yezimbobo.
Ukucubungula izingxenye zensimbi
Kwesinye isikhathi uphalafini usetshenziselwa ukuvuselela izingxenye zensimbi ekhonjiwe. Uphalafini unezinto ezinhle zokugcoba futhi unganciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-remer kanye nodonga lwembobo futhi uvimbele ububanzi bembobo ukuthi bukhule. Kodwa-ke, umphumela wokupholisa kaphalafini mubi kakhulu, futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ukulawula izinga lokushisa lokusika ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
Ukucabanga ngensimbi
I-Emulsified liquid ifaneleka ukuphinda ifakwe ensimbi. I-Emulsified liquid inezinto ezipholile zokupholisa, zokugcoba, nezivimbela ukugqwala, ezinganciphisa ngempumelelo izinga lokushisa lokusika, zinciphise ukuguga kwamathuluzi, futhi zithuthukise ikhwalithi yangaphezulu yezimbobo.
Ukucubungula izingxenye zensimbi
Kwesinye isikhathi uphalafini usetshenziselwa ukuvuselela izingxenye zensimbi ekhonjiwe. Uphalafini unezinto ezinhle zokugcoba futhi unganciphisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwe-remer kanye nodonga lwembobo futhi uvimbele ububanzi bembobo ukuthi bukhule. Kodwa-ke, umphumela wokupholisa kaphalafini mubi kakhulu, futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ukulawula izinga lokushisa lokusika ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
V. Izidingo Zobuchwepheshe Bokucubungula Ukuze Ufake Imishini Emshinini Wokugaya we-CNC
Ukunemba kwesikhundla sembobo
Ukubuyisela kabusha ngokuvamile akukwazi ukulungisa iphutha lendawo yembobo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuvuselela kabusha, ukunemba kwesikhundla somgodi kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngenqubo yangaphambilini. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, ukubekwa kwe-workpiece kufanele kube okunembile futhi okuthembekile ukuze kugwenywe ukuthinta ukunemba kwesikhundla somgodi ngenxa yokunyakaza kwe-workpiece.
Icubungula ukulandelana
Ngokuvamile, ukuphindaphinda kabusha okungalungile kwenziwa kuqala, bese kuba kuhle. Ukulungisa kabusha okungalungile kususa ingxenye enkulu yemvume futhi kunikeza isisekelo esihle sokucutshungulwa kokuhlenga kabusha. Ukulungisa kabusha okuhle kuthuthukisa futhi ukunemba komshini kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yembobo.
Ukufakwa nokulungiswa kwamathuluzi
Lapho ufaka i-reamer, qinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-shank yamathuluzi ne-spindle yethuluzi lomshini kuqinile futhi kuthembekile. Ubude obumaphakathi bethuluzi kufanele buhambisane nobude obuphakathi nendawo yokusebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokuphinda kufakwe kabusha.
Kuma-reamer antantayo, lungisa ibanga elintantayo ngokwezidingo zokucubungula ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ithuluzi lingakwazi ukulungisa isikhungo ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ukuqapha nokulawula ngesikhathi sokucubungula
Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, qaphela kakhulu imingcele efana namandla okusika, izinga lokushisa lokusika, nokushintsha kosayizi wembobo. Uma izimo ezingavamile zitholakala, lungisa imingcele yokusika noma shintsha ithuluzi ngesikhathi.
Hlola njalo isimo sokuguga se-remer bese ushintsha ithuluzi eliguge kakhulu kusenesikhathi ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yokucubungula.
Ukunemba kwesikhundla sembobo
Ukubuyisela kabusha ngokuvamile akukwazi ukulungisa iphutha lendawo yembobo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuvuselela kabusha, ukunemba kwesikhundla somgodi kufanele kuqinisekiswe ngenqubo yangaphambilini. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, ukubekwa kwe-workpiece kufanele kube okunembile futhi okuthembekile ukuze kugwenywe ukuthinta ukunemba kwesikhundla somgodi ngenxa yokunyakaza kwe-workpiece.
Icubungula ukulandelana
Ngokuvamile, ukuphindaphinda kabusha okungalungile kwenziwa kuqala, bese kuba kuhle. Ukulungisa kabusha okungalungile kususa ingxenye enkulu yemvume futhi kunikeza isisekelo esihle sokucutshungulwa kokuhlenga kabusha. Ukulungisa kabusha okuhle kuthuthukisa futhi ukunemba komshini kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yembobo.
Ukufakwa nokulungiswa kwamathuluzi
Lapho ufaka i-reamer, qinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-shank yamathuluzi ne-spindle yethuluzi lomshini kuqinile futhi kuthembekile. Ubude obumaphakathi bethuluzi kufanele buhambisane nobude obuphakathi nendawo yokusebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokuphinda kufakwe kabusha.
Kuma-reamer antantayo, lungisa ibanga elintantayo ngokwezidingo zokucubungula ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ithuluzi lingakwazi ukulungisa isikhungo ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Ukuqapha nokulawula ngesikhathi sokucubungula
Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, qaphela kakhulu imingcele efana namandla okusika, izinga lokushisa lokusika, nokushintsha kosayizi wembobo. Uma izimo ezingavamile zitholakala, lungisa imingcele yokusika noma shintsha ithuluzi ngesikhathi.
Hlola njalo isimo sokuguga se-remer bese ushintsha ithuluzi eliguge kakhulu kusenesikhathi ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yokucubungula.
VI. Isiphetho
Ukucubungula emishinini yokugaya ye-CNC kuyindlela ebalulekile yokucubungula imbobo. Ukukhetha okunengqondo kwamathuluzi okuvuselela kabusha, ukuzimisela kwemingcele yokusika nokukhethwa kwezinto ezipholile, kanye nokuhambisana ngokuqinile nezidingo zokucubungula ubuchwepheshe kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba kwemishini kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yezimbobo. Ekucutshungulweni kwangempela, ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nempahla yokusebenza, usayizi wembobo, kanye nezidingo zokunemba, izici ezihlukahlukene kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokugcwele ukuze kukhethwe amathuluzi okuvuselela kabusha afanelekile kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qhubeka uqongelela isipiliyoni sokucubungula futhi uthuthukise imingcele yokucubungula ukuze unikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kokucutshungulwa okuphumelelayo kwemishini yokugaya ye-CNC.
Ukucubungula emishinini yokugaya ye-CNC kuyindlela ebalulekile yokucubungula imbobo. Ukukhetha okunengqondo kwamathuluzi okuvuselela kabusha, ukuzimisela kwemingcele yokusika nokukhethwa kwezinto ezipholile, kanye nokuhambisana ngokuqinile nezidingo zokucubungula ubuchwepheshe kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba kwemishini kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu yezimbobo. Ekucutshungulweni kwangempela, ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nempahla yokusebenza, usayizi wembobo, kanye nezidingo zokunemba, izici ezihlukahlukene kufanele zicatshangelwe ngokugcwele ukuze kukhethwe amathuluzi okuvuselela kabusha afanelekile kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qhubeka uqongelela isipiliyoni sokucubungula futhi uthuthukise imingcele yokucubungula ukuze unikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kokucutshungulwa okuphumelelayo kwemishini yokugaya ye-CNC.