Isingeniso Esiningiliziwe Sezinhlobo Zemishini Yokugaya
Njengethuluzi elibalulekile lomshini wokusika insimbi, umshini wokugaya udlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wokucubungula imishini. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zayo, futhi uhlobo ngalunye lunesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele kanye nebanga lesicelo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezihlukene zokucubungula.
I. Ihlukaniswa Ngesakhiwo
(1) Umshini Wokugaya Ibhentshi
Umshini wokugaya ibhentshi umshini wokugaya osayizi omncane, ovame ukusetshenziselwa ukugaya izingxenye ezincane, njengezinsimbi namamitha. Isakhiwo sayo silula, futhi umthamo wayo uncane, okulungele ukusebenza endaweni encane yokusebenza. Ngenxa yomthamo wayo olinganiselwe wokucubungula, ifaneleka kakhulu umsebenzi olula wokugaya onezidingo zokunemba okuphansi.
Isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni ezinye izinto ezincane zikagesi, umshini wokugaya ibhentshi ungasetshenziswa ukucubungula ama-grooves alula noma izimbobo egobolondweni.
(2) Umshini Wokugaya ICantilever
Inhloko yokugaya yomshini wokugaya i-cantilever ifakwe ku-cantilever, futhi umbhede uhlelwe ngokuvundlile. I-cantilever ngokuvamile ingahamba iqonde kumzila wesitimela wekholomu ohlangothini olulodwa lombhede, kuyilapho ikhanda lokugaya lihamba eduze kwesitimela se-cantilever guide. Lesi sakhiwo senza umshini wokugaya i-cantilever uguquguquke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza futhi ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokucutshungulwa kwezinto zokusebenza zomumo nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene.
Kokunye ukucubungula isikhunta, umshini wokugaya i-cantilever ungasetshenziswa ukucubungula izinhlangothi noma ezinye izingxenye ezijulile zesikhunta.
(3) Umshini Wokugaya Izinqama
I-spindle yomshini wokugaya inqama ifakwe enqameni, futhi umbhede uhlelwe ngokuvundlile. Inqama inganyakaza ibheke eceleni eduze nomzila wesihlalo sehhashi, futhi isihlalo sehhashi singahamba sibheke phezulu eduze nomzila wesitimela wekholomu. Lesi sakhiwo senza umshini wokugaya izinqama ukwazi ukufeza uhla olukhulu lokunyakaza futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukwazi ukucubungula ama-workpieces anosayizi omkhulu.
Isibonelo, ekucutshungulweni kwezingxenye ezinkulu eziwumshini, umshini wokugaya izinqama ungagaya kahle izingxenye ezihlukene zezingxenye.
(4) Umshini Wokugaya Gantry
Umbhede womshini wokugaya i-gantry uhlelwe ngokuvundlile, futhi amakholomu ezinhlangothini zombili kanye nemishayo yokuxhuma yakha isakhiwo se-gantry. Ikhanda lokugaya lifakwe ku-crossbeam kanye nekholomu futhi lingakwazi ukuhamba ngomzila wesitimela walo. Ngokuvamile, i-crossbeam ingahamba iqonde kumzila wesitimela wekholomu, futhi ithebula lokusebenza lingakwazi ukuhamba ngobude eduze nomzila wesitimela wombhede. Umshini wokugaya i-gantry unendawo enkulu yokucubungula kanye nomthamo wokuthwala futhi ufanelekile ukucubungula ama-workpieces amakhulu, njengesikhunta esikhulu nemibhede yamathuluzi omshini.
Emkhakheni we-aerospace, umshini wokugaya i-gantry uvame ukusetshenziswa ekucubunguleni ezinye izingxenye ezinkulu zesakhiwo.
(5) Umshini Wokugaya Umphezulu (Umshini Wokugaya we-CNC)
Umshini wokugaya ongaphezulu usetshenziselwa izindiza zokugaya kanye nezindawo zokwakha, futhi umbhede uhlelwe ngokuvundlile. Ngokuvamile, i-worktable ihamba ngobude eduze nomzila wesitimela wombhede, futhi i-spindle ingahamba nge-axially. Umshini wokugaya ongaphezulu unesakhiwo esilula kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Ngenkathi umshini wokugaya i-CNC surface uzuza ukucubungula okunembe kakhulu futhi okuyinkimbinkimbi ngohlelo lwe-CNC.
Embonini yokukhiqiza izimoto, umshini wokugaya ngaphezulu uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukucubungula izindiza zamabhuloki enjini.
(6) Umshini Wokugaya Iphrofayela
Umshini wokugaya iphrofayili ungumshini wokugaya owenza ukucutshungulwa kwephrofayili kuma-workpieces. Ilawula umzila wokunyakaza wethuluzi lokusika ngokusebenzisa idivayisi yokwenza iphrofayela ngokusekelwe kumumo wesifanekiso noma imodeli, ngaleyo ndlela icubungula ama-workpiece afana nesifanekiso noma imodeli. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukucubungula ama-workpiece anobunjwa obuyinkimbinkimbi, njengemigodi yezibungu kanye nama-impeller.
Embonini yokukhiqiza yezandla, umshini wokugaya iphrofayili ungacubungula imisebenzi yobuciko emihle ngokusekelwe kumodeli eklanywe kahle.
(7) Umshini Wokugaya Wohlobo Lwamadolo
Umshini wokugaya wohlobo lwamadolo unetafula eliphakamisayo elikwazi ukuhamba libheke phezulu eduze nomzila wesitimela wombhede. Imvamisa, i-worktable kanye nesihlalo sehhashi ezifakwe etafuleni eliphakamisayo zinganyakaza ngobude nangaseceleni ngokulandelana. Umshini wokugaya uhlobo lwamadolo uyaguquguquka ekusebenzeni futhi unobubanzi obubanzi bokusebenza, futhi ungenye yezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zemishini yokugaya.
Ezingxoxweni ezijwayelekile zokucutshungulwa kwemishini, umshini wokugaya uhlobo lwamadolo uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukucubungula izingxenye ezahlukahlukene eziphakathi nendawo nezincane.
(8) Umshini Wokugaya I-Radial
Ingalo ye-radial ifakwe phezulu kombhede, futhi ikhanda lokugaya lifakwe ekugcineni kwengalo ye-radial. Ingalo yokukhanya ingazungeza futhi ihambe endizeni evundlile, futhi ikhanda lokugaya lingazungeza nge-engeli ethile ekugcineni kwengalo ye-radial. Lesi sakhiwo senza umshini wokugaya i-radial wenze ukucutshungulwa kokugaya ngama-engeli ahlukene kanye nezikhundla futhi uvumelane nezidingo ezihlukahlukene zokucubungula eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Isibonelo, ekucubunguleni izingxenye ezinama-engeli akhethekile, umshini wokugaya i-radial ungaba nezinzuzo zawo eziyingqayizivele.
(9) Umshini Wokugaya Wohlobo Lombhede
Ithebula lokusebenza lomshini wokugaya uhlobo lombhede alinakuphakanyiswa futhi lingahamba ngobude kuphela eduze nomzila wesitimela wombhede, kuyilapho inhloko yokugaya noma ikholomu inganyakaza ibheke phezulu. Lesi sakhiwo senza umshini wokugaya uhlobo lombhede ube nokuzinza okungcono futhi ulungele ukucubungula okunemba okuphezulu.
Ekucutshungulweni kwemishini okunembayo, umshini wokugaya uhlobo lombhede uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukucubungula izingxenye ezinemba okuphezulu.
(10) Imishini Yokugaya Ekhethekile
- Umshini Wokugaya Wamathuluzi: Usetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi isikhunta samathuluzi okugaya, onokunemba okuphezulu kokucubungula kanye nekhono lokucubungula eliyinkimbinkimbi.
- Umshini Wokugaya ongukhiye: Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukucubungula okhiye ezingxenyeni ze-shaft.
- Umshini Wokugaya I-Cam: Usetshenziselwa ukucubungula izingxenye ezinobunjwa bekhamera.
- Umshini Wokugaya u-Crankshaft: Usetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukucubungula ama-crankshafts enjini.
- I-Roller Journal Milling Machine: Isetshenziselwa ukucubungula izingxenye zejenali zamarola.
- Umshini Wokugaya I-Square Ingot: Umshini wokugaya wokucubungula okuthile kwama-ingots ayisikwele.
Le mishini ekhethekile yokugaya yonke iklanywe futhi yakhiwe ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zokucubungula izingcezu ezithile zokusebenza futhi inobuchwepheshe obuphezulu nokusebenza kahle.
II. Kuhlukaniswa Ngefomu Lesakhiwo kanye Nobubanzi Besicelo
(1) Umshini Wokugaya Wohlobo Lwamadolo
Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zemishini yokugaya yohlobo lwamadolo, okuhlanganisa indawo yonke, evundlile, kanye neqondile (imishini yokugaya ye-CNC). Ithebula lokusebenza lomshini wokugaya wohlobo lwamadolo jikelele lingazungeza nge-engeli ethile endizeni evundlile, landise ububanzi bokucubungula. I-spindle yomshini wokugaya uhlobo lwamadolo ovundlile ihlelwe ngokuvundlile futhi ifanele ukucubungula izindiza, ama-grooves, njll. I-spindle yomshini wokugaya uhlobo lwamadolo oqondile ihlelwe ngokuqondile futhi ifanele ukucubungula izindiza, izindawo zesinyathelo, njll. Umshini wokugaya uhlobo lwamadolo usetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukucubungula izingxenye eziphakathi nendawo ezincane futhi zisetshenziswa kabanzi.
Isibonelo, emafektri amancane okucubungula imishini, umshini wokugaya uhlobo lwamadolo ungomunye wemishini evame ukusetshenziswa futhi ungasetshenziswa ukucubungula izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ze-shaft ne-disk.
(2) Umshini Wokugaya Gantry
Umshini wokugaya i-gantry uhlanganisa imishini yokugaya kanye ne-boring, imishini yokugaya i-gantry kanye ne-planing, kanye nemishini yokugaya ikholomu kabili. Umshini wokugaya i-gantry unekhono elikhulu lokusebenza futhi elinamandla lokusika futhi ungacubungula izingxenye ezinkulu, njengamabhokisi amakhulu nemibhede.
Emabhizinisini amakhulu okukhiqiza imishini, umshini wokugaya i-gantry uyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile sokucubungula izingxenye ezinkulu.
(3) Umshini Wokugaya Wekholomu Eyodwa kanye Nomshini Wokugaya Ingalo Eyodwa
Inhloko yokugaya evundlile yomshini wokugaya wekholomu eyodwa ingahamba eduze nomzila wesitimela wekholomu, futhi itafula lokusebenza liphakela ngobude. Inhloko yokugaya emile yomshini wokugaya ingalo eyodwa inganyakaza ivundlile eduze nomzila wesitimela we-cantilever, futhi i-cantilever ingakwazi futhi ukulungisa ubude eduze nomzila wesitimela wekholomu. Kokubili umshini wokugaya wekholomu eyodwa kanye nomshini wokugaya ingalo eyodwa kufanelekile ukucubungula izingxenye ezinkulu.
Ekucutshungulweni kwezinye izakhiwo ezinkulu zensimbi, umshini wokugaya wekholomu eyodwa kanye nomshini wokugaya ingalo eyodwa ungadlala indima ebalulekile.
(4) Umshini Wokugaya Izinsimbi
Umshini wokugaya insimbi ungumshini wokugaya osayizi omncane wamadolo, osetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukucubungula izinsimbi nezinye izingxenye ezincane. Inokunemba okuphezulu futhi ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokucubungula izingxenye zensimbi.
Embonini yokukhiqiza izinsimbi namamitha, umshini wokugaya uyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile sokucubungula.
(5) Umshini Wokugaya Amathuluzi
Umshini wokugaya ithuluzi ufakwe izesekeli ezihlukahlukene njengamakhanda okugaya aqondile, amatafula okusebenza e-engeli yendawo yonke, namapulaki, futhi ungenza ukucubungula okuhlukahlukene njengokubhola, ukubhora, nokuslotha. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwenza isikhunta namathuluzi.
Emabhizinisini okukhiqiza isikhunta, umshini wokugaya ithuluzi uvame ukusetshenziselwa ukucubungula izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zesikhunta eziyinkimbinkimbi.
III. Kuhlukaniswa Ngendlela Yokulawula
(1) Umshini Wokugaya Iphrofayela
Umshini wokugaya iphrofayili ulawula umzila wokunyakaza wethuluzi lokusika ngokusebenzisa idivayisi yokuphrofayili ukuze kuzuzwe ukucutshungulwa kwephrofayili yesiqeshana sokusebenza. Idivayisi yokwenza iphrofayela ingaguqula imininingwane yekhonta yesifanekiso noma imodeli ibe yimiyalelo yokunyakaza yethuluzi lokusika ngokusekelwe ekumeni kwayo.
Isibonelo, lapho ucubungula izingxenye ezithile zangaphezulu ezigobile, umshini wokugaya ungaphindaphinda ngokunembile umumo wezingxenye ngokusekelwe kusifanekiso esenziwe ngaphambili.
(2) Umshini Wokugaya Olawulwa Uhlelo
Umshini wokugaya olawulwa uhlelo ulawula ukunyakaza nokucubungula inqubo yethuluzi lomshini ngohlelo lokucubungula olubhalwe ngaphambilini. Uhlelo lokucubungula lungenziwa ngokubhala ngesandla noma kusetshenziswa isofthiwe yokuhlela esizwa ikhompuyutha.
Ekukhiqizeni inqwaba, umshini wokugaya olawulwa uhlelo ungacubungula izingxenye eziningi ngokohlelo olufanayo, uqinisekisa ukuvumelana nokunemba kokucubungula.
(3) Umshini Wokugaya we-CNC
Umshini wokugaya we-CNC wakhiwe ngokusekelwe emshinini wokugaya ojwayelekile. Yamukela uhlelo lwe-CNC lokulawula ukunyakaza nokucubungula inqubo yethuluzi lomshini. Uhlelo lwe-CNC lungalawula ngokunembile ukunyakaza kwe-eksisi, isivinini sokuphotha, isivinini sokuphakelayo, njll. yethuluzi lomshini ngokuya ngohlelo lokufakwayo namapharamitha, ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe ukucutshungulwa okunemba okuphezulu kwezingxenye ezinomumo oyinkimbinkimbi.
Umshini wokugaya we-CNC unezinzuzo zezinga eliphezulu lokuzenzakalela, ukunemba okuphezulu kokucubungula, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphezulu futhi usetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni efana ne-aerospace, izimoto, kanye nokubunjwa.