Ukuhlaziywa kanye Nezixazululo Enkingeni Yokuhamba Okungalungile Kwezixhumanisi Zethuluzi Lomshini Ezikhungweni Zomshini
Emkhakheni wokucubungula imishini, ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemishini yesikhungo somshini kudlala indima ebalulekile kwikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Kodwa-ke, ukungasebenzi kahle kokuhamba ngendlela engaqondakali kwezixhumanisi zamathuluzi omshini kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, kubangela izinkinga eziningi kubaqhubi futhi kungaholela ezingozini ezimbi kakhulu zokukhiqiza. Okulandelayo kuzokwenza ingxoxo ejulile ezindabeni ezihambisanayo zokunyakaza okungaqondakali kwezixhumanisi zamathuluzi omshini ezikhungweni zomshini kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ezisebenzayo.
I. Ukwenzeka kanye Nencazelo Yenkinga
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, lapho umshini wesikhungo somshini uqhuba uhlelo ngemva kokuqalisa umsebenzi, izixhumanisi nendawo yethuluzi lomshini kungahlala kulungile. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokuqedwa komsebenzi we-homing, uma ithuluzi lomshini lisebenza ngesandla noma ngesandla, ukuchezuka kuzobe sekuvela ekubonisweni kwezixhumanisi ze-workpiece kanye nezixhumanisi zamathuluzi omshini. Isibonelo, esivivinyweni senkambu, ngemuva kokungena ekhaya ekuqaleni, i-X-eksisi yethuluzi lomshini inyakaziswa ngo-10 mm, bese umyalo we-G55G90X0 usetshenziswa kumodi ye-MDI. Kuvame ukutholakala ukuthi isikhundla sangempela sethuluzi lomshini asihambisani nendawo elindelekile yokuxhumanisa. Lokhu kungqubuzana kungase kubonakale njengokuchezuka kumanani wokudidiyela, amaphutha endaweni yokunyakaza yethuluzi lomshini, noma ukuchezuka ngokuphelele ku-trajectory esethiwe.
II. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezimbangela Ezingaba Khona Zokungasebenzi
(I) Izici Zomhlangano Wemishini
Ukunemba kokuhlanganiswa komshini kuthinta ngokuqondile ukunemba kwamaphoyinti ereferensi wethuluzi lomshini. Uma phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanganisa ithuluzi lomshini, izingxenye zokudlulisela ze-eksisi yokuxhumanisa ngayinye zingafakwanga kahle, njengezikhala ekulinganeni phakathi kwesikulufu namantongomane, noma izinkinga zokufakwa kwesitimela esiqondisayo singahambelani noma singesona i-perpendicular, ukuchezuka okwengeziwe kokuthutha kungase kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukuthi amaphuzu ayireferensi ashintshe. Lokhu kushintsha kungenzeka kungalungiswa ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini, bese kuholela ekwazisweni kokuhamba okuguquguqukayo kwezixhumanisi emisebenzini elandelayo yemanuwali noma ezenzakalelayo.
(II) Amaphutha Ohlaka kanye Nokuhlela
- Isinxephezelo Sethuluzi kanye Nokuhlelwa Kokudidiyelwa Kwengcezu Yokusebenza: Ukusethwa okungalungile kwamanani esinxephezelo sethuluzi kuzodala umehluko phakathi kokuma kwangempela kwethuluzi phakathi nenqubo yomshini kanye nendawo ehleliwe. Isibonelo, uma inani lesinxephezelo serediyasi yethuluzi likhulu kakhulu noma lincane kakhulu, ithuluzi lizochezuka ku-trajectory yekhonta enqunywe kusengaphambili lapho sisika ucezu lokusebenza. Ngokufanayo, ukusetha okungalungile kwezixhumanisi ze-workpiece nakho kungesinye sezizathu ezivamile. Lapho opharetha besetha isistimu yokudidiyela i-workpiece, uma inani le-zero offset lingalungile, yonke imiyalelo yemishini esekelwe kulolu hlelo lokuxhumanisa izobangela ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini liye endaweni engalungile, okuholela ekuboniseni kokudidiyelwa kwesiphithiphithi.
- Amaphutha Wokuhlela: Ukunganaki phakathi nenqubo yokuhlela kungase futhi kuholele ekuxhumaneni kwamathuluzi omshini okungavamile. Isibonelo, amaphutha okufakwayo wamanani okudidiyela lapho kubhalwa izinhlelo, ukusetshenziswa okungalungile kwamafomethi wemiyalelo, noma ingqondo yokuhlela engenangqondo ebangelwa ukungaqondi kahle kwenqubo yokwenza imishini. Isibonelo, lapho ukuhumusha okuyisiyingi kwezinhlelo, uma izixhumanisi zesikhungo sombuthano zibalwa ngokungalungile, ithuluzi lomshini lizohamba endleleni engalungile lapho lisebenzisa le ngxenye yohlelo, okubangele ukuthi izixhumanisi zethuluzi lomshini zichezuke ebangeni elivamile.
(III) Izinqubo Zokusebenza Ezingafanele
- Amaphutha Kumamodi Okusebenza Kohlelo: Uma uhlelo lusethwa kabusha bese luqalwa ngokuqondile esigabeni esimaphakathi ngaphandle kokucabangela ngokugcwele isimo samanje sethuluzi lomshini kanye nendlela yalo yokunyakaza yangaphambilini, kungase kubangele isiphithiphithi ohlelweni lokuxhumanisa ithuluzi lomshini. Ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lusebenza ngokusekelwe kumqondo othile kanye nezimo zokuqala phakathi nenqubo yokusebenza, ukuqala ngenkani kusukela esigabeni esimaphakathi kungase kuphazamise lokhu kuqhubeka futhi kwenze kungenzeki ngethuluzi lomshini ukubala kahle indawo yamanje yokuxhumanisa.
- Ukuqalisa Ngokuqondile Uhlelo Ngemva Kokusebenza Okukhethekile: Ngemva kokwenza imisebenzi ekhethekile njengokuthi “Ithuluzi Lokukhiya”, “Inani Eliphelele Lemanuwali”, kanye “Nokufakwa Kwesondo Lesandla”, uma ukusetha kabusha okuhambisanayo okuhambisanayo noma ukuqinisekiswa kwesimo kungenziwanga futhi uhlelo luqhutshwa ngokuqondile ukuze kwenziwe machining, kulula futhi ukubangela inkinga yokunyakaza okungaqondakali kokuxhumanisa. Isibonelo, umsebenzi "Wokukhiya Ithuluzi Lomshini" ungamisa ukunyakaza kwezimbazo zethuluzi lomshini, kodwa ukuboniswa kwezixhumanisi zamathuluzi omshini kusazoshintsha ngokuya ngemiyalelo yohlelo. Uma uhlelo luqhutshwa ngokuqondile ngemva kokuvula, ithuluzi lomshini lingase lihambe ngokuya ngokuhlukana okungalungile kokudidiyela; ngemva kokuhambisa ngesandla ithuluzi lomshini kumodi ethi “Manual Absolute Value”, uma uhlelo olulandelayo lungabambi kahle i-coordinate offset ebangelwa ukunyakaza okwenziwa ngesandla, kuzoholela ekuxhumaniseni izinxushunxushu; uma ukuvumelanisa kokudidiyela kungenziwanga kahle lapho ushintshela emuva ekusebenzeni okuzenzakalelayo ngemva kokusebenza “kokufaka isondo lesandla”, izixhumanisi zamathuluzi omshini ezingajwayelekile nazo zizovela.
(IV) Ithonya Lokuguqulwa Kwepharamitha ye-NC
Uma ulungisa amapharamitha e-NC, afana nokwenza isibuko, ukuguqulwa phakathi kwezinhlelo zemethrikhi nezasebukhosini, njll., uma ukusebenza kungalungile noma umthelela wokuguqulwa kwepharamitha kusistimu yokuxhumanisa ithuluzi lomshini awuqondi ngokugcwele, kungase futhi kuholele ekunyakazeni okuyiphutha kwezixhumanisi zamathuluzi omshini. Isibonelo, lapho wenza umsebenzi wokwenza isibuko, uma i-axis yesibuko kanye nemithetho yokuguqulwa kokuxhumanisa okuhlobene ingasethiwe ngendlela efanele, ithuluzi lomshini lizohamba ngokuvumelana nengqondo yesibuko engalungile lapho senza izinhlelo ezilandelayo, okwenza isikhundla sangempela somshini sihluke ngokuphelele kulokho okulindelekile, futhi ukuboniswa kwezixhumanisi zamathuluzi omshini nakho kuzoba nesiyaluyalu.
III. Izixazululo Nezinyathelo Zokulwa
(I) Izixazululo Zezinkinga Zomhlangano Wemishini
Njalo hlola futhi unakekele izingxenye zomshini zokudlulisa ithuluzi lethuluzi lomshini, okuhlanganisa izikulufu, ama-rails angumhlahlandlela, ama-coupling, njll. Hlola ukuthi igebe phakathi kwesikulufu namantongomane lingaphakathi kwebanga elinengqondo yini. Uma igebe likhulu kakhulu, lingaxazululwa ngokulungisa ukulayishwa kuqala kwesikulufu noma ngokushintsha izingxenye ezigugile. Ngomzila wesitimela esiwumhlahlandlela, qinisekisa ukunemba kokufakwa kwawo, hlola ukucaba, ukufana, kanye ne-perpendicularity yendawo yesitimela esiqondisayo, futhi wenze izinguquko ezifika ngesikhathi noma ukulungisa uma kukhona ukuchezuka.
Phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanganisa ithuluzi lomshini, landela ngokuqinile izidingo zenqubo yokuhlanganisa, futhi usebenzise amathuluzi okulinganisa anembe kakhulu ukuze uthole futhi ulinganise ukunemba komhlangano we-eksisi yokuxhumanisa ngayinye. Isibonelo, sebenzisa i-laser interferometer ukuze ulinganise futhi unxephezele iphutha le-pitch yesikulufu, futhi usebenzise ileveli ye-elekthronikhi ukuze ulungise izinga kanye ne-perpendicularity yesitimela somhlahlandlela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini linokunemba okuphezulu nokuzinza phakathi nokuhlanganiswa kokuqala.
Phakathi nenqubo yokuhlanganisa ithuluzi lomshini, landela ngokuqinile izidingo zenqubo yokuhlanganisa, futhi usebenzise amathuluzi okulinganisa anembe kakhulu ukuze uthole futhi ulinganise ukunemba komhlangano we-eksisi yokuxhumanisa ngayinye. Isibonelo, sebenzisa i-laser interferometer ukuze ulinganise futhi unxephezele iphutha le-pitch yesikulufu, futhi usebenzise ileveli ye-elekthronikhi ukuze ulungise izinga kanye ne-perpendicularity yesitimela somhlahlandlela ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini linokunemba okuphezulu nokuzinza phakathi nokuhlanganiswa kokuqala.
(II) Ukulungiswa Kwepharamitha namaphutha Okuhlelwa
Ngamaphutha esinxephezelweni samathuluzi kanye nesilungiselelo sokuxhumanisa ucezu lokusebenza, opharetha kufanele bahlole ngokucophelela amanani esinxephezelo sethuluzi kanye nemingcele yokubeka yesistimu yokuxhumanisa ucezu lokusebenza ngaphambi komshini. Irediyasi nobude bethuluzi kungalinganiswa ngokunembile ngamathuluzi afana nezisetha ngaphambilini zamathuluzi futhi amanani alungile angafakwa kusistimu yokulawula ithuluzi lomshini. Lapho usetha isistimu yokuxhumanisa ucezu lokusebenza, izindlela ezifanele zokusethwa kwamathuluzi kufanele zamukelwe, njengokusetha ithuluzi lokusika isilingo kanye nesilungiselelo sethuluzi lesitholi sonqenqema, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwevelu ye-zero offset. Khonamanjalo, phakathi nenqubo yokubhala uhlelo, hlola ngokuphindaphindiwe izingxenye ezihlanganisa amanani okudidiyela kanye nemiyalelo yesinxephezelo samathuluzi ukuze ugweme amaphutha okokufaka.
Mayelana nezinhlelo, qinisa ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono abahleli bezinhlelo ukuze ubenze babe nokuqonda okujulile kwenqubo yokwenza imishini kanye nohlelo lokufundisa lwamathuluzi omshini. Lapho ubhala izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, yenza ukuhlaziya okwanele kwenqubo kanye nokuhlelwa kwendlela, futhi uqinisekise ngokuphindaphindiwe izibalo eziyinhloko zokuxhumanisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemiyalelo. Isofthiwe yokulingisa ingasetshenziswa ukulingisa ukusebenza kwezinhlelo ezibhaliwe ukuze kutholwe amaphutha ohlelo angaba khona kusenesikhathi futhi kuncishiswe ubungozi phakathi nokusebenza kwangempela ethuluzini lomshini.
Mayelana nezinhlelo, qinisa ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono abahleli bezinhlelo ukuze ubenze babe nokuqonda okujulile kwenqubo yokwenza imishini kanye nohlelo lokufundisa lwamathuluzi omshini. Lapho ubhala izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, yenza ukuhlaziya okwanele kwenqubo kanye nokuhlelwa kwendlela, futhi uqinisekise ngokuphindaphindiwe izibalo eziyinhloko zokuxhumanisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemiyalelo. Isofthiwe yokulingisa ingasetshenziswa ukulingisa ukusebenza kwezinhlelo ezibhaliwe ukuze kutholwe amaphutha ohlelo angaba khona kusenesikhathi futhi kuncishiswe ubungozi phakathi nokusebenza kwangempela ethuluzini lomshini.
(III) Ukumisa Izinqubo Zokusebenza
Landela ngokuqinile izicaciso zokusebenza zethuluzi lomshini. Ngemuva kokuthi uhlelo selusethwe kabusha, uma kudingekile ukuthi luqale ukusebenza lusuka esigabeni esiphakathi, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqale uqinisekise indawo yamanje yokudidiyela yethuluzi lomshini bese wenza ukulungisa okudidiyelwe okudingekile noma ukuqaliswa kokusebenza ngokuhambisana ne-logic kanye nezidingo zenqubo yohlelo. Isibonelo, ithuluzi lomshini lingathuthwa mathupha liyiswe endaweni ephephile kuqala, bese umsebenzi we-homing ungenziwa noma isistimu yokuhlanganisa i-workpiece ingasethwa kabusha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini lisesimeni esifanele sokuqala ngaphambi kokusebenzisa uhlelo.
Ngemva kokwenza imisebenzi ekhethekile njengokuthi “Ukukhiya Kwethuluzi Lomshini”, “Inani Eliphelele Lemanuwali”, kanye “Nokufakwa Kwesondo Lesandla”, ukusetha kabusha okuhambisanayo okuhambisanayo noma imisebenzi yokutakula isimo kufanele yenziwe kuqala. Isibonelo, ngemva kokuvula “Ukukhiya Kwethuluzi Lomshini”, umsebenzi we-homing kufanele wenziwe kuqala noma ithuluzi lomshini kufanele lihanjiswe mathupha endaweni elungile eyaziwayo, bese uhlelo lungasetshenziswa; ngemva kokuhambisa ngesandla ithuluzi lomshini kumodi ethi “Inani Eliphelele Lemanuwali”, amanani wokuxhumanisa ohlelweni kufanele alungiswe ngokufanele ngokuya ngenani lokunyakaza noma izixhumanisi zethuluzi lomshini kufanele zisethwe kabusha zibe amanani afanele ngaphambi kokuqalisa uhlelo; ngemuva kokuqedwa kokusebenza kwe- "Handwheel Insertion", kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhuphuka kokuxhumanisa kwesondo lesandla kungaxhunyaniswa kahle nemiyalelo yokuxhumanisa ohlelweni ukugwema ukuxhumanisa ukweqa noma ukuphambuka.
Ngemva kokwenza imisebenzi ekhethekile njengokuthi “Ukukhiya Kwethuluzi Lomshini”, “Inani Eliphelele Lemanuwali”, kanye “Nokufakwa Kwesondo Lesandla”, ukusetha kabusha okuhambisanayo okuhambisanayo noma imisebenzi yokutakula isimo kufanele yenziwe kuqala. Isibonelo, ngemva kokuvula “Ukukhiya Kwethuluzi Lomshini”, umsebenzi we-homing kufanele wenziwe kuqala noma ithuluzi lomshini kufanele lihanjiswe mathupha endaweni elungile eyaziwayo, bese uhlelo lungasetshenziswa; ngemva kokuhambisa ngesandla ithuluzi lomshini kumodi ethi “Inani Eliphelele Lemanuwali”, amanani wokuxhumanisa ohlelweni kufanele alungiswe ngokufanele ngokuya ngenani lokunyakaza noma izixhumanisi zethuluzi lomshini kufanele zisethwe kabusha zibe amanani afanele ngaphambi kokuqalisa uhlelo; ngemuva kokuqedwa kokusebenza kwe- "Handwheel Insertion", kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhuphuka kokuxhumanisa kwesondo lesandla kungaxhunyaniswa kahle nemiyalelo yokuxhumanisa ohlelweni ukugwema ukuxhumanisa ukweqa noma ukuphambuka.
(IV) Ukusebenza Ngokuqaphela Kokuguqulwa Kwepharamitha ye-NC
Lapho ulungisa amapharamitha e-NC, opharetha kufanele babe nolwazi olwanele lobungcweti nolwazi futhi baqonde ngokugcwele incazelo yepharamitha ngayinye nomthelela wokuguqulwa kwepharamitha ekusebenzeni kwethuluzi lomshini. Ngaphambi kokulungisa amapharamitha, yenza ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yamapharamitha asekuqaleni ukuze akwazi ukubuyiselwa ngesikhathi lapho izinkinga zenzeka. Ngemva kokulungisa amapharamitha, yenza uchungechunge lwemigijimo yokuhlola, njengokugijima okomile nokugijima kwesinyathelo esisodwa, ukuze ubone ukuthi isimo sokunyakaza kwethuluzi lomshini nokuboniswa kwezixhumanisi kujwayelekile. Uma kutholakala okungavamile, misa ngokushesha ukusebenza, buyisela ithuluzi lomshini esimweni salo sangempela ngokuvumelana nemingcele yokusekelayo, bese uhlola ngokucophelela inqubo nokuqukethwe kokuguqulwa kwepharamitha ukuze uthole izinkinga futhi wenze izilungiso.
Kafushane, ukunyakaza okuguquguqukayo kwezixhumanisi zamathuluzi omshini ezikhungweni zokwenza imishini kuyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa izici eziningi. Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kwamathuluzi omshini, opharetha kufanele baqinise ukufunda kwabo kanye nokubamba kahle kwesakhiwo semishini samathuluzi omshini, izilungiselelo zepharamitha, ukucaciswa kwezinhlelo, nezinqubo zokusebenza. Lapho behlangabezana nenkinga yokuguquguquka kokunyakaza kwezixhumanisi, kufanele bakuhlaziye ngomoya ophansi, baqale ezimbangela ezibalulwe ngenhla, kancane kancane bahlole futhi bathathe izixazululo ezihambisanayo ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini lingabuyela ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile, lithuthukise ikhwalithi yomshini nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngaleso sikhathi, abakhiqizi bamathuluzi omshini kanye nochwepheshe bokulungisa kufanele futhi ngokuqhubekayo bathuthukise amaleveli abo obuchwepheshe, balungiselele idizayini nezinqubo zokuhlanganisa zamathuluzi omshini, futhi banikeze abasebenzisi impahla yokucubungula ezinzile futhi enokwethenjelwa kanye nezinsizakalo eziphelele zosekelo lobuchwepheshe.