"Ukuhlaziywa Kwezakhiwo Zokudluliselwa Kwe-Spindle Ezikhungweni Zomshini"
Emkhakheni wokucutshungulwa kwemishini yesimanje, izikhungo zemishini zithatha isikhundla esibalulekile ngamakhono azo okucubungula asebenza kahle futhi anembile. Isistimu yokulawula izinombolo, njengengqikithi yokulawula yesikhungo somshini, iyala yonke inqubo yokucubungula njengobuchopho bomuntu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-spindle yesikhungo somshini ilingana nenhliziyo yomuntu futhi iwumthombo wamandla amakhulu okucubungula wesikhungo somshini. Ukubaluleka kwayo kuyabonakala. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha i-spindle yesikhungo somshini, umuntu kufanele aqaphe kakhulu.
Izinsimbi zokuphotha zezikhungo zomshini zingahlukaniswa ikakhulukazi zibe izinhlobo ezine ngokuya ngezinhlaka zazo zokudlulisela: amaphokotho aqhutshwa ngegiya, amaphotha ashayelwa ngamabhande, amaphotha ahlangene aqondile, kanye namaphotha kagesi. Lezi zakhiwo ezine zokudlulisela zinezici zazo kanye nesivinini esihlukile sokujikeleza, futhi zidlala izinzuzo ezihlukile ezimweni ezihlukene zokucubungula.
I. I-spindle eqhutshwa ngamagiya
Isivinini sokujikeleza se-spindle eqhutshwa ngegiya ngokuvamile singu-6000r/min. Esinye sezici zayo eziyinhloko ukuqina okuhle kwe-spindle, okuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu izikhathi zokusika ezinzima. Enkambweni yokusika okunzima, i-spindle idinga ukukwazi ukumelana namandla amakhulu okusika ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okusobala. I-spindle eqhutshwa ngegiya ihlangabezana nalesi sidingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-spindle aqhutshwa ngamagiya ngokuvamile ahlonywa emishinini yokuphotha okuningi. Imishini enama-spindle amaningi ngokuvamile idinga ukucubungula izingcezu zokusebenza eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa noma ngokuvumelanisa izingxenye eziningi zocezu lokusebenza olulodwa, okudinga ukuthi i-spindle ibe nokuzinza nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Indlela yokudlulisa igiya ingaqinisekisa ukushelela nokunemba kokudluliswa kwamandla, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ikhwalithi yokucubungula nokusebenza kahle kwemishini enama-spindle amaningi.
Isivinini sokujikeleza se-spindle eqhutshwa ngegiya ngokuvamile singu-6000r/min. Esinye sezici zayo eziyinhloko ukuqina okuhle kwe-spindle, okuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu izikhathi zokusika ezinzima. Enkambweni yokusika okunzima, i-spindle idinga ukukwazi ukumelana namandla amakhulu okusika ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okusobala. I-spindle eqhutshwa ngegiya ihlangabezana nalesi sidingo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-spindle aqhutshwa ngamagiya ngokuvamile ahlonywa emishinini yokuphotha okuningi. Imishini enama-spindle amaningi ngokuvamile idinga ukucubungula izingcezu zokusebenza eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa noma ngokuvumelanisa izingxenye eziningi zocezu lokusebenza olulodwa, okudinga ukuthi i-spindle ibe nokuzinza nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Indlela yokudlulisa igiya ingaqinisekisa ukushelela nokunemba kokudluliswa kwamandla, ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ikhwalithi yokucubungula nokusebenza kahle kwemishini enama-spindle amaningi.
Kodwa-ke, ama-spindle aqhutshwa ngamagiya nawo anokusilela okuthile. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi sokudluliswa kwegiya, izindleko zokukhiqiza nezokulungisa ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagiya azokhiqiza umsindo othile nokudlidliza phakathi nenqubo yokudlulisela, okungase kube nomthelela othile ekucubunguleni ukunemba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kwegiya kuphansi futhi kuzodla inani elithile lamandla.
II. I-spindle eqhutshwa ngamabhande
Isivinini sokujikeleza se-spindle eqhutshwa yibhande ngu-8000r/min. Lesi sakhiwo sokudlulisa sinezinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Okokuqala nje, isakhiwo esilula singesinye sezici zayo eziyinhloko. Ukudluliswa kwebhande kwenziwa ngama-pulleys namabhande. Isakhiwo silula futhi kulula ukusikhiqiza nokusifaka. Lokhu akunciphisi kuphela izindleko zokukhiqiza kodwa futhi kwenza ukugcinwa nokulungisa kube lula. Okwesibili, ukukhiqiza okulula nakho kungenye yezinzuzo zama-spindle aqhutshwa ngamabhande. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esilula, inqubo yokukhiqiza kulula ukuyilawula, engaqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-spindle aqhutshwa ngamabhande anamandla okubhafa aqinile. Phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula, i-spindle ingase ibe ngaphansi kwemithelela ehlukahlukene kanye nokudlidliza. Ukunwebeka kwebhande kungadlala indima enhle yokubhafa futhi kuvikele i-spindle nezinye izingxenye zokudlulisela ekulimaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho i-spindle igcwele ngokweqile, ibhande lizoshelela, elivikela ngokuphumelelayo i-spindle futhi ligweme ukulimala ngenxa yokulayisha ngokweqile.
Isivinini sokujikeleza se-spindle eqhutshwa yibhande ngu-8000r/min. Lesi sakhiwo sokudlulisa sinezinzuzo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Okokuqala nje, isakhiwo esilula singesinye sezici zayo eziyinhloko. Ukudluliswa kwebhande kwenziwa ngama-pulleys namabhande. Isakhiwo silula futhi kulula ukusikhiqiza nokusifaka. Lokhu akunciphisi kuphela izindleko zokukhiqiza kodwa futhi kwenza ukugcinwa nokulungisa kube lula. Okwesibili, ukukhiqiza okulula nakho kungenye yezinzuzo zama-spindle aqhutshwa ngamabhande. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esilula, inqubo yokukhiqiza kulula ukuyilawula, engaqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-spindle aqhutshwa ngamabhande anamandla okubhafa aqinile. Phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula, i-spindle ingase ibe ngaphansi kwemithelela ehlukahlukene kanye nokudlidliza. Ukunwebeka kwebhande kungadlala indima enhle yokubhafa futhi kuvikele i-spindle nezinye izingxenye zokudlulisela ekulimaleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho i-spindle igcwele ngokweqile, ibhande lizoshelela, elivikela ngokuphumelelayo i-spindle futhi ligweme ukulimala ngenxa yokulayisha ngokweqile.
Nokho, ama-spindle aqhutshwa ngamabhande awaphelele. Ibhande lizobonisa ukuguga nokuguga ngemva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside futhi lidinga ukushintshwa njalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunemba kokudluliselwa kwebhande kuphansi futhi kungase kube nomthelela othile ekucubunguleni ukunemba. Kodwa-ke, ezikhathini lapho izidingo zokunemba kokucubungula zingekho phezulu kakhulu, i-spindle eqhutshwa ngebhande kuseyisinqumo esihle.
III. I-spindle ehlanganisiwe eqondile
I-spindle ehlangene ngokuqondile iqhutshwa ngokuxhuma i-spindle kanye ne-motor ngokusebenzisa i-coupling. Lesi sakhiwo sokudlulisa sinezici ze-torsion enkulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi. Isivinini salo sokujikeleza singaphezu kuka-12000r/min futhi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa ezikhungweni zemishini yesivinini esikhulu. Ikhono lokusebenzisa isivinini esikhulu sokuphotha okuhlangene okuqondile likunikeza izinzuzo ezinhle lapho ucubungula ama-workpieces anembayo ephezulu kanye nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ingakwazi ukuqedela ngokushesha ukucubungula ukusika, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokucubungula ngesikhathi esifanayo.
I-spindle ehlangene ngokuqondile iqhutshwa ngokuxhuma i-spindle kanye ne-motor ngokusebenzisa i-coupling. Lesi sakhiwo sokudlulisa sinezici ze-torsion enkulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi. Isivinini salo sokujikeleza singaphezu kuka-12000r/min futhi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa ezikhungweni zemishini yesivinini esikhulu. Ikhono lokusebenzisa isivinini esikhulu sokuphotha okuhlangene okuqondile likunikeza izinzuzo ezinhle lapho ucubungula ama-workpieces anembayo ephezulu kanye nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ingakwazi ukuqedela ngokushesha ukucubungula ukusika, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokucubungula ngesikhathi esifanayo.
Izinzuzo ze-spindle ehlangene ngokuqondile zibuye zilele ekusebenzeni kwayo okuphezulu kokudlulisela. Njengoba i-spindle ixhunywe ngqo kumotho ngaphandle kwezinye izixhumanisi zokudlulisela phakathi, ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kuyancishiswa futhi izinga lokusebenzisa amandla liyathuthukiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunemba kokuphotha okuhlangene okuqondile nakho kuphakeme futhi kungahlangabezana nezikhathi ezinezidingo eziphakeme zokunemba kokucubungula.
Nokho, ukuphotha okuhlangene okuqondile nakho kunobubi obuthile. Ngenxa yejubane layo eliphezulu lokujikeleza, izidingo zemoto nokuhlanganisa nazo ziphakeme, okwandisa izindleko zemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-spindle ehlanganisiwe eqondile izokhiqiza inani elikhulu lokushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza ngesivinini esikhulu futhi idinga uhlelo lokupholisa olusebenzayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-spindle.
IV. I-spindle kagesi
I-spindle kagesi ihlanganisa i-spindle kanye ne-motor. Injini iyinjini yokuphotha kanti ukuphotha kuyinjini. Okubili kuhlanganiswe kube yinto eyodwa. Lo mklamo oyingqayizivele wenza iketango lokudlulisa le-spindle kagesi licishe libe yiziro, lithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisela kanye nokunemba. Ijubane lokujikeleza le-spindle kagesi liphakathi kuka-18000 - 40000r/min. Ngisho nasemazweni angaphandle athuthukile, ama-spindle kagesi asebenzisa ama-levitation bearings magnetic kanye nama-hydrostatic bearings angafinyelela isivinini sokujikeleza esingu-100000r/min. Isivinini esinjalo sokujikeleza siyenza isetshenziswe kabanzi ezikhungweni zemishini enesivinini esikhulu.
I-spindle kagesi ihlanganisa i-spindle kanye ne-motor. Injini iyinjini yokuphotha kanti ukuphotha kuyinjini. Okubili kuhlanganiswe kube yinto eyodwa. Lo mklamo oyingqayizivele wenza iketango lokudlulisa le-spindle kagesi licishe libe yiziro, lithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisela kanye nokunemba. Ijubane lokujikeleza le-spindle kagesi liphakathi kuka-18000 - 40000r/min. Ngisho nasemazweni angaphandle athuthukile, ama-spindle kagesi asebenzisa ama-levitation bearings magnetic kanye nama-hydrostatic bearings angafinyelela isivinini sokujikeleza esingu-100000r/min. Isivinini esinjalo sokujikeleza siyenza isetshenziswe kabanzi ezikhungweni zemishini enesivinini esikhulu.
Izinzuzo zama-spindle kagesi zivelele kakhulu. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi azikho izingxenye zokudlulisela zendabuko, isakhiwo sihlangene kakhulu futhi sithatha indawo encane, ehambisana nomklamo kanye nokuhlelwa kwesikhungo somshini. Okwesibili, isivinini sokuphendula se-spindle kagesi siyashesha futhi singafinyelela esimweni sokusebenza ngesivinini esikhulu ngesikhathi esifushane, sithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunemba kwe-spindle kagesi kuphezulu futhi kungahlangabezana nezikhathi ezinezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokunemba kokucubungula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsindo nokudlidliza kwe-spindle kagesi kuncane, okulungele ukudala indawo enhle yokucubungula.
Kodwa-ke, ama-spindle kagesi nawo anamaphutha athile. Izidingo zobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza zama-spindle kagesi ziphezulu futhi izindleko ziphakeme kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcinwa kwama-spindle kagesi kunzima kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka, kudingeka ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe ukuze banakekele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-spindle kagesi izokhiqiza inani elikhulu lokushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesivinini esikhulu futhi idinga uhlelo lokupholisa olusebenzayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwayo okuvamile.
Phakathi kwezikhungo ezijwayelekile zokwenza imishini, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuphotha kwesakhiwo sokudlulisa ezivame ukuqhathaniswa, okuyiziphotha ezishayelwa ngamabhande, ama-spindle ahlanganiswe ngokuqondile, nama-spindle kagesi. Ama-spindle aqhutshwa ngamagiya awavamile ukusetshenziswa ezikhungweni zemishini, kodwa avame kakhulu ezikhungweni zokuphotha ezinamasondo amaningi. Ama-spindle aqhutshwa ngamabhande ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezikhungweni zemishini ezincane nasezikhungweni ezinkulu zokukhanda. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-spindle eshayelwa ngebhande inesakhiwo esilula namandla okubhafa aqinile, futhi ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zokucubungula zezikhungo zomshini zosayizi abahlukene. Ama-spindle ahlanganiswe ngokuqondile nama-spindle kagesi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa kakhulu ezikhungweni zemishini ezinesivinini esikhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi banezici zejubane eliphezulu lokujikeleza nokunemba okuphezulu, futhi bangahlangabezana nezidingo zezikhungo zemishini yejubane eliphezulu zokucubungula ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula.
Sengiphetha, izinhlaka zokudlulisa ama-spindle esikhungweni somshini zinezinzuzo zazo kanye nokubi. Lapho ukhetha, ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kufanele kunikezwe ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zokucubungula kanye nesabelomali. Uma kudingeka ukucutshungulwa okukhulu, i-spindle eqhutshwa ngegiya ingakhethwa; uma izidingo zokunemba kokucubungula aziphezulu kakhulu futhi kufunwa isakhiwo esilula nezindleko eziphansi, kungakhethwa i-spindle eqhutshwa ngebhande; uma ukucubungula ngesivinini esikhulu kuyadingeka futhi ukunemba okuphezulu kokucubungula kuyadingeka, i-spindle ehlanganisiwe eqondile noma i-spindle kagesi ingakhethwa. Ngokukhetha kuphela uhlaka olufanele lokuphonswa kwe-spindle lapho ukusebenza kwesikhungo somshini kungasebenza ngokugcwele futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula.