"Izimiso Zokukhetha Zezinto Ezintathu Ku-CNC Machine Tool Cutting".
Ekucutshungulweni kwensimbi, ukukhetha kahle izakhi ezintathu zokusika ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC - isivinini sokusika, izinga lokuphakelayo, nokujula kokusika kubaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kungomunye wokuqukethwe okuyinhloko kwenkambo yesimiso sokusika insimbi. Okulandelayo incazelo eningiliziwe yezimiso zokukhetha zalezi zici ezintathu.
I. Isivinini Sokusika
Isivinini sokusika, okungukuthi, isivinini somugqa noma isivinini sokujikeleza (V, amamitha/umzuzu), ingenye yemingcele ebalulekile ekusikeni kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC. Ukuze ukhethe isivinini esifanelekile sokusika, izici eziningi kufanele zicatshangelwe kuqala.
Isivinini sokusika, okungukuthi, isivinini somugqa noma isivinini sokujikeleza (V, amamitha/umzuzu), ingenye yemingcele ebalulekile ekusikeni kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC. Ukuze ukhethe isivinini esifanelekile sokusika, izici eziningi kufanele zicatshangelwe kuqala.
Izinto zamathuluzi
I-Carbide: Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu nokumelana nokushisa okuhle, isivinini sokusika singafinyelelwa. Ngokuvamile, ingaba ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-100/ngomzuzu. Lapho uthenga okufakiwe, imingcele yobuchwepheshe ivamise ukunikezwa ukuze kucaciswe ububanzi bezivinini zomugqa ezingakhethwa lapho kucutshungulwa izinto ezihlukene.
Insimbi enesivinini esikhulu: Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-carbide, ukusebenza kwensimbi enesivinini esikhulu kungaphansi kancane, futhi isivinini sokusika singaba sincane kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, isivinini sokusika sensimbi enesivinini esiphezulu asidluli amamitha angu-70 / ngomzuzu, futhi ngokuvamile singaphansi kwama-20 - 30 amamitha / ngomzuzu.
I-Carbide: Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu nokumelana nokushisa okuhle, isivinini sokusika singafinyelelwa. Ngokuvamile, ingaba ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-100/ngomzuzu. Lapho uthenga okufakiwe, imingcele yobuchwepheshe ivamise ukunikezwa ukuze kucaciswe ububanzi bezivinini zomugqa ezingakhethwa lapho kucutshungulwa izinto ezihlukene.
Insimbi enesivinini esikhulu: Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-carbide, ukusebenza kwensimbi enesivinini esikhulu kungaphansi kancane, futhi isivinini sokusika singaba sincane kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, isivinini sokusika sensimbi enesivinini esiphezulu asidluli amamitha angu-70 / ngomzuzu, futhi ngokuvamile singaphansi kwama-20 - 30 amamitha / ngomzuzu.
Izinto zokwakha
Ukuze uthole izinto zokusebenza ezinobunzima obukhulu, isivinini sokusika kufanele sibe phansi. Isibonelo, ngensimbi ecishiwe, insimbi engagqwali, njll., ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo yamathuluzi kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula, i-V kufanele isethwe ngaphansi.
Ngezinto zensimbi eziphonswe, uma usebenzisa amathuluzi e-carbide, isivinini sokusika singaba ngamamitha angu-70 - 80 / ngomzuzu.
Insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi inokusebenziseka okungcono, futhi isivinini sokusika singaba ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-100/ngomzuzu.
Ukucutshungulwa kwezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi kulula, futhi isivinini sokusika esiphezulu singakhethwa, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-100 - 200 amamitha / ngomzuzu.
Ukuze uthole izinto zokusebenza ezinobunzima obukhulu, isivinini sokusika kufanele sibe phansi. Isibonelo, ngensimbi ecishiwe, insimbi engagqwali, njll., ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo yamathuluzi kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula, i-V kufanele isethwe ngaphansi.
Ngezinto zensimbi eziphonswe, uma usebenzisa amathuluzi e-carbide, isivinini sokusika singaba ngamamitha angu-70 - 80 / ngomzuzu.
Insimbi enekhabhoni ephansi inokusebenziseka okungcono, futhi isivinini sokusika singaba ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-100/ngomzuzu.
Ukucutshungulwa kwezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi kulula, futhi isivinini sokusika esiphezulu singakhethwa, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-100 - 200 amamitha / ngomzuzu.
Izimo zokucubungula
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kanzima, inhloso eyinhloko ukukhipha izinto ngokushesha, futhi imfuneko yekhwalithi ephezulu iphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ijubane lokusika libekwe phansi. Ngesikhathi sokuqeda imishini, ukuze uthole ikhwalithi enhle yendawo, isivinini sokusika kufanele sibekwe phezulu.
Uma isistimu yokuqina yethuluzi lomshini, i-workpiece, kanye nethuluzi lingalungile, isivinini sokusika kufanele futhi sibekwe phansi ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza nokuguqulwa.
Uma i-S esetshenziswa ohlelweni lwe-CNC kuyijubane lokuphotha ngomzuzu, khona-ke u-S kufanele abalwe ngokuhambisana nobubanzi bomsebenzi wokusebenza kanye nokusika isivinini esiqondile V: S (isivinini sokuphotha ngomzuzu) = V (ukusika isivinini esiwumugqa) × 1000 / (3.1416 × ububanzi bocezu lokusebenza). Uma uhlelo lwe-CNC lusebenzisa isivinini esivamile somugqa, khona-ke u-S angasebenzisa ngokuqondile isivinini esinqunyiwe somugqa V (amamitha/umzuzu).
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kanzima, inhloso eyinhloko ukukhipha izinto ngokushesha, futhi imfuneko yekhwalithi ephezulu iphansi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ijubane lokusika libekwe phansi. Ngesikhathi sokuqeda imishini, ukuze uthole ikhwalithi enhle yendawo, isivinini sokusika kufanele sibekwe phezulu.
Uma isistimu yokuqina yethuluzi lomshini, i-workpiece, kanye nethuluzi lingalungile, isivinini sokusika kufanele futhi sibekwe phansi ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza nokuguqulwa.
Uma i-S esetshenziswa ohlelweni lwe-CNC kuyijubane lokuphotha ngomzuzu, khona-ke u-S kufanele abalwe ngokuhambisana nobubanzi bomsebenzi wokusebenza kanye nokusika isivinini esiqondile V: S (isivinini sokuphotha ngomzuzu) = V (ukusika isivinini esiwumugqa) × 1000 / (3.1416 × ububanzi bocezu lokusebenza). Uma uhlelo lwe-CNC lusebenzisa isivinini esivamile somugqa, khona-ke u-S angasebenzisa ngokuqondile isivinini esinqunyiwe somugqa V (amamitha/umzuzu).
II. Izinga lokuphakelayo
Izinga lokuphakelayo, elaziwa nangokuthi izinga lokuphakelayo kwamathuluzi (F), lincike kakhulu esidingweni sokuqina okungaphezulu kokucutshungulwa kocezu lokusebenza.
Izinga lokuphakelayo, elaziwa nangokuthi izinga lokuphakelayo kwamathuluzi (F), lincike kakhulu esidingweni sokuqina okungaphezulu kokucutshungulwa kocezu lokusebenza.
Qeda ukwenza imishini
Ngesikhathi sokuqeda imishini, ngenxa yemfuneko ephezulu yekhwalithi ephezulu, izinga lokuphakelayo kufanele libe lincane, ngokuvamile libe ngu-0.06 - 0.12 mm/revolution ye-spindle. Lokhu kungaqinisekisa indawo esebenza ngomshini ebushelelezi futhi kunciphise ukuhwashaza kwendawo.
Ngesikhathi sokuqeda imishini, ngenxa yemfuneko ephezulu yekhwalithi ephezulu, izinga lokuphakelayo kufanele libe lincane, ngokuvamile libe ngu-0.06 - 0.12 mm/revolution ye-spindle. Lokhu kungaqinisekisa indawo esebenza ngomshini ebushelelezi futhi kunciphise ukuhwashaza kwendawo.
Ukwenza imishini enzima
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kanzima, umsebenzi oyinhloko ukususa ngokushesha inani elikhulu lezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi izinga lokuphakelayo lingasethwa libe likhulu. Usayizi wesilinganiso sokuphakelayo uncike kakhulu emandleni ethuluzi futhi ngokuvamile ungaba ngaphezu kuka-0.3.
Uma i-engeli enkulu yokusiza yethuluzi inkulu, amandla ethuluzi azowohloka, futhi ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokuphakelayo alikwazi ukuba likhulu kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla ethuluzi lomshini kanye nokuqina kwe-workpiece kanye nethuluzi kufanele kucatshangelwe. Uma amandla ethuluzi lomshini enganele noma ukuqina kwesiqeshana sokusebenza kanye nethuluzi kukubi, izinga lokuphakelayo kufanele lehliswe ngokufanelekile.
Uhlelo lwe-CNC lusebenzisa amayunithi amabili wesilinganiso sokuphakelayo: mm/umzuzu kanye ne-mm/revolution ye-spindle. Uma iyunithi ye-mm/umzuzu isetshenziswa, ingaguqulwa ngefomula: okuphakelayo ngomzuzu = okuphakelayo ngokuphenduka ngakunye × isivinini sokuphotha ngomzuzu.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kanzima, umsebenzi oyinhloko ukususa ngokushesha inani elikhulu lezinto ezibonakalayo, futhi izinga lokuphakelayo lingasethwa libe likhulu. Usayizi wesilinganiso sokuphakelayo uncike kakhulu emandleni ethuluzi futhi ngokuvamile ungaba ngaphezu kuka-0.3.
Uma i-engeli enkulu yokusiza yethuluzi inkulu, amandla ethuluzi azowohloka, futhi ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokuphakelayo alikwazi ukuba likhulu kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla ethuluzi lomshini kanye nokuqina kwe-workpiece kanye nethuluzi kufanele kucatshangelwe. Uma amandla ethuluzi lomshini enganele noma ukuqina kwesiqeshana sokusebenza kanye nethuluzi kukubi, izinga lokuphakelayo kufanele lehliswe ngokufanelekile.
Uhlelo lwe-CNC lusebenzisa amayunithi amabili wesilinganiso sokuphakelayo: mm/umzuzu kanye ne-mm/revolution ye-spindle. Uma iyunithi ye-mm/umzuzu isetshenziswa, ingaguqulwa ngefomula: okuphakelayo ngomzuzu = okuphakelayo ngokuphenduka ngakunye × isivinini sokuphotha ngomzuzu.
III. Ukujula Kokusika
Ukujula kokusika, okungukuthi, ukujula kokusika, kunezinketho ezihlukene ngesikhathi somshini wokuqeda kanye nomshini onzima.
Ukujula kokusika, okungukuthi, ukujula kokusika, kunezinketho ezihlukene ngesikhathi somshini wokuqeda kanye nomshini onzima.
Qeda ukwenza imishini
Ngesikhathi sokuqeda imishini, ngokuvamile, ingaba ngaphansi kuka-0.5 (inani lerediyasi). Ukujula okuncane kokusika kungaqinisekisa ikhwalithi yendawo esebenza ngomshini futhi kunciphise ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo kanye nengcindezi eyinsalela.
Ngesikhathi sokuqeda imishini, ngokuvamile, ingaba ngaphansi kuka-0.5 (inani lerediyasi). Ukujula okuncane kokusika kungaqinisekisa ikhwalithi yendawo esebenza ngomshini futhi kunciphise ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo kanye nengcindezi eyinsalela.
Ukwenza imishini enzima
Ngesikhathi somshini onzima, ukujula kokusika kufanele kunqunywe ngokuya nge-workpiece, ithuluzi, nezimo zethuluzi lomshini. Nge-lathe encane (enobubanzi obukhulu bokucubungula obungaphansi kuka-400mm) ejika insimbi engu-No. 45 esimweni esivamile, ukujula kokusika ekuqondeni kwe-radial ngokuvamile akudluli u-5mm.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma ukuguqulwa kwejubane lokuphotha kwe-lathe kusebenzisa ukulawulwa kwesivinini sokuguqulwa kwemvamisa evamile, khona-ke lapho ijubane lokuphotha ngomzuzu liphansi kakhulu (lingaphansi kwama-revolutions angu-100 - 200 / iminithi), amandla okukhipha injini azoncishiswa kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukujula okuncane kakhulu kokusika kanye nezinga lokudla lingatholakala.
Ngesikhathi somshini onzima, ukujula kokusika kufanele kunqunywe ngokuya nge-workpiece, ithuluzi, nezimo zethuluzi lomshini. Nge-lathe encane (enobubanzi obukhulu bokucubungula obungaphansi kuka-400mm) ejika insimbi engu-No. 45 esimweni esivamile, ukujula kokusika ekuqondeni kwe-radial ngokuvamile akudluli u-5mm.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma ukuguqulwa kwejubane lokuphotha kwe-lathe kusebenzisa ukulawulwa kwesivinini sokuguqulwa kwemvamisa evamile, khona-ke lapho ijubane lokuphotha ngomzuzu liphansi kakhulu (lingaphansi kwama-revolutions angu-100 - 200 / iminithi), amandla okukhipha injini azoncishiswa kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukujula okuncane kakhulu kokusika kanye nezinga lokudla lingatholakala.
Sengiphetha, ukukhetha kahle izakhi ezintathu zokusika ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC kudinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kwezici eziningi ezifana nezinto zamathuluzi, izinto zokusebenza, nezimo zokucubungula. Ekucutshungulweni kwangempela, ukulungiswa okunengqondo kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya ngezimo ezithile ukuze kufezwe izinhloso zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokucubungula, nokwelula impilo yamathuluzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, opharetha kufanele futhi ngokuqhubekayo baqongelele ulwazi futhi bajwayelane nezici zezinto ezihlukahlukene kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula ukuze bakhethe kangcono imingcele yokusika futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kokucubungula kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC.