“Izimfuneko Zabasebenzisi Bamathuluzi Omshini Onembile Kancane (Izikhungo Zomshini)
Emkhiqizweni wesimanje, amathuluzi emishini emincane enembayo (izikhungo zomshini) adlala indima ebalulekile. Lawa mathuluzi omshini angafinyelela ukunyakaza kokusika okunembe kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Zibalulekile ekukhiqizeni izingxenye ezinembayo zekhwalithi ephezulu. Ukuze usebenzise ngokugcwele izinzuzo zamathuluzi omshini wokunemba omncane futhi uqinisekise ukunemba kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi, uchungechunge lwezidingo eziqinile kubekwa phambili kuma-opharetha.
I. Izidingo zokuzinza kwabasebenzi
Amathuluzi omshini wokunemba abela ngokuqinile abantu abathile emishinini ethile futhi alondoloze ukuzinza okuhlobene isikhathi eside. Lesi sidingo sibaluleke kakhulu. Okokuqala, amathuluzi omshini wokunemba amancane ngokuvamile anezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezidingo zokucubungula okunembayo okuphezulu. Abasebenzisi badinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi bejwayelana nokusebenza, izindlela zokusebenza, nezinqubo zokunakekela amathuluzi omshini. Uma ama-opharetha eshintshwa njalo, opharetha abasha kudingeka bafunde kabusha futhi bazivumelanise namathuluzi omshini. Lokhu ngeke kunciphise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphela kodwa futhi kungase kuholele ekwehleni kwekhwalithi yokucubungula noma ngisho nokulimala kwamathuluzi omshini ngenxa yokusebenza okungaqeqeshiwe. Okwesibili, opharetha abazinzile besikhathi eside bangakwazi ukuqonda kangcono izici nemikhuba yamathuluzi omshini futhi bangalungisa futhi balungiselele ngokuvumelana nesimo sangempela samathuluzi omshini ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kokucubungula nokusebenza kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, o-opharetha abazinzile bangakwazi futhi ukusungula ukuqonda okuthulile ngamathuluzi omshini futhi babambe kangcono isimo sokusebenza samathuluzi omshini ukuze bathole futhi baxazulule izinkinga ezingaba khona ngesikhathi.
Amathuluzi omshini wokunemba abela ngokuqinile abantu abathile emishinini ethile futhi alondoloze ukuzinza okuhlobene isikhathi eside. Lesi sidingo sibaluleke kakhulu. Okokuqala, amathuluzi omshini wokunemba amancane ngokuvamile anezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezidingo zokucubungula okunembayo okuphezulu. Abasebenzisi badinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi bejwayelana nokusebenza, izindlela zokusebenza, nezinqubo zokunakekela amathuluzi omshini. Uma ama-opharetha eshintshwa njalo, opharetha abasha kudingeka bafunde kabusha futhi bazivumelanise namathuluzi omshini. Lokhu ngeke kunciphise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuphela kodwa futhi kungase kuholele ekwehleni kwekhwalithi yokucubungula noma ngisho nokulimala kwamathuluzi omshini ngenxa yokusebenza okungaqeqeshiwe. Okwesibili, opharetha abazinzile besikhathi eside bangakwazi ukuqonda kangcono izici nemikhuba yamathuluzi omshini futhi bangalungisa futhi balungiselele ngokuvumelana nesimo sangempela samathuluzi omshini ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kokucubungula nokusebenza kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, o-opharetha abazinzile bangakwazi futhi ukusungula ukuqonda okuthulile ngamathuluzi omshini futhi babambe kangcono isimo sokusebenza samathuluzi omshini ukuze bathole futhi baxazulule izinkinga ezingaba khona ngesikhathi.
II. Izidingo zokufaneleka
Uphumelele ukuhlolwa futhi ubambe isitifiketi sokusebenza
Ngemva kokuphasa ukuhlolwa okuqinile, u-opharetha ubamba isitifiketi sokusebenza saleli thuluzi lomshini ngaphambi kokuvunyelwa ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi lomshini. Le mfuneko iqinisekisa ukuthi opharetha unolwazi oludingekayo lochwepheshe kanye namakhono okusebenzisa ithuluzi lomshini ngokuphepha nangendlela efanele. Okuqukethwe kokuhlolwa kuvame ukuhlanganisa ulwazi lwesakhiwo, ukusebenza, ukucaciswa kokucubungula, izinqubo nezindlela zokusebenza, nezinqubo zokunakekela ithuluzi lomshini, kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okusebenza okungokoqobo. Opharetha abaphumelele ukuhlolwa kuphela abangafakazela ukuthi banamandla okusebenzisa amathuluzi omshini wokunemba amancane, ngaleyo ndlela baqinisekise ukusebenza okuvamile kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula yamathuluzi omshini.
Yazi izici ezifana nesakhiwo nokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini
Umsebenzisi kufanele ajwayelane nesakhiwo, ukusebenza, ukucaciswa kokucubungula, izinqubo nezindlela zokusebenza, kanye nezinqubo zokunakekela leli thuluzi lomshini. Ukujwayelana nesakhiwo sethuluzi lomshini kuyisisekelo sokusebenza. Kuphela ngokuqonda izingxenye ezihlukahlukene nemisebenzi yazo yethuluzi lomshini umuntu angakwazi ukuyisebenzisa futhi ayigcine ngendlela efanele. Ukujwayelana nokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini kungasiza isisebenzisi ukuthi asebenzise kangcono izinzuzo zethuluzi lomshini, akhethe amapharamitha okucubungula afanelekile, futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi. Ukucaciswa kokucubungula kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokucubungula. Umsebenzisi kufanele asebenze ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nezicaciso zokucubungula ukuze aqinisekise ukunemba kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi yendawo. Izinqubo nezindlela zokusebenza yizinyathelo ezithile zokusebenzisa ithuluzi lomshini. Umsebenzisi kufanele abe nekhono kuzo ukuze aqinisekise ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza. Izinqubo zokunakekela ziwukhiye wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwethuluzi lomshini. Umsebenzisi kufanele enze ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile ngokuhambisana nezinqubo futhi abone futhi axazulule izinkinga ezingaba khona ngesikhathi ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini lihlala lisesimweni esihle sobuchwepheshe.
Uphumelele ukuhlolwa futhi ubambe isitifiketi sokusebenza
Ngemva kokuphasa ukuhlolwa okuqinile, u-opharetha ubamba isitifiketi sokusebenza saleli thuluzi lomshini ngaphambi kokuvunyelwa ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi lomshini. Le mfuneko iqinisekisa ukuthi opharetha unolwazi oludingekayo lochwepheshe kanye namakhono okusebenzisa ithuluzi lomshini ngokuphepha nangendlela efanele. Okuqukethwe kokuhlolwa kuvame ukuhlanganisa ulwazi lwesakhiwo, ukusebenza, ukucaciswa kokucubungula, izinqubo nezindlela zokusebenza, nezinqubo zokunakekela ithuluzi lomshini, kanye nokuhlolwa kwamakhono okusebenza okungokoqobo. Opharetha abaphumelele ukuhlolwa kuphela abangafakazela ukuthi banamandla okusebenzisa amathuluzi omshini wokunemba amancane, ngaleyo ndlela baqinisekise ukusebenza okuvamile kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula yamathuluzi omshini.
Yazi izici ezifana nesakhiwo nokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini
Umsebenzisi kufanele ajwayelane nesakhiwo, ukusebenza, ukucaciswa kokucubungula, izinqubo nezindlela zokusebenza, kanye nezinqubo zokunakekela leli thuluzi lomshini. Ukujwayelana nesakhiwo sethuluzi lomshini kuyisisekelo sokusebenza. Kuphela ngokuqonda izingxenye ezihlukahlukene nemisebenzi yazo yethuluzi lomshini umuntu angakwazi ukuyisebenzisa futhi ayigcine ngendlela efanele. Ukujwayelana nokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini kungasiza isisebenzisi ukuthi asebenzise kangcono izinzuzo zethuluzi lomshini, akhethe amapharamitha okucubungula afanelekile, futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi. Ukucaciswa kokucubungula kuyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokucubungula. Umsebenzisi kufanele asebenze ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nezicaciso zokucubungula ukuze aqinisekise ukunemba kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi yendawo. Izinqubo nezindlela zokusebenza yizinyathelo ezithile zokusebenzisa ithuluzi lomshini. Umsebenzisi kufanele abe nekhono kuzo ukuze aqinisekise ukunemba nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza. Izinqubo zokunakekela ziwukhiye wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwethuluzi lomshini. Umsebenzisi kufanele enze ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile ngokuhambisana nezinqubo futhi abone futhi axazulule izinkinga ezingaba khona ngesikhathi ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini lihlala lisesimweni esihle sobuchwepheshe.
III. Izidingo zokuzibophezela
Gcina ithuluzi lomshini nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zisesimweni esihle
Umsebenzisi kufanele agcine leli thuluzi lomshini nazo zonke izesekeli zisesimweni esihle futhi azibophezele esimweni sobuchwepheshe saleli thuluzi lomshini. Le mfuneko ibonisa isibopho somsebenzisi sokunakekela nokugcina ithuluzi lomshini. Amathuluzi omshini wokunemba amancane kanye nezinsiza zawo ngokuvamile kuyabiza futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ekucubunguleni ukunemba nekhwalithi. Umsebenzisi kufanele agcine ngendlela efanele ithuluzi lomshini kanye nezinsiza ukuze avimbele ukulahleka, ukulimala, noma ukweba. Phakathi nenqubo yokusebenza, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuvikela indawo engaphezulu kanye nokunemba kwethuluzi lomshini ukuze kugwenywe ukungqubuzana, ukuklwebheka, noma ukugqwala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa okuvamile kwethuluzi lomshini kanye nezinsiza kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kutholwe futhi kulungiswe izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini lihlala lisesimweni esihle sobuchwepheshe.
Gcina indawo yokusebenza ihlanzekile
Umsebenzisi kufanele agcine indawo yokusebenza ihlanzekile, ngaphandle kokunqwabelana kothuli noma ama-chips, futhi angapakishi izingcezu zokusebenza nezinhlobonhlobo ezingahlobene nomsebenzi. Lapho uhlanza indawo yokusebenza, sebenzisa i-mop kuphela ukuhudula, hhayi umshanelo ukuze ushanele. Indawo yokusebenza ehlanzekile ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula yamathuluzi omshini omncane wokunemba. Uthuli nama-chips kungase kungene ngaphakathi kwethuluzi lomshini futhi kuthinte ukunemba nokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini. Ama-workpieces nama-sundries angahlobene nomsebenzi angase avimbe ukusebenza futhi andise izingozi zokuphepha. Ukusebenzisa i-mop ukudonsa phansi kungagwema ukuphakamisa uthuli futhi kunciphise ukungcoliswa kwethuluzi lomshini. Ukushanela ngomshanelo kungase kunyuse uthuli futhi kubangele ukulimala ethuluzini lomshini nempilo yomsebenzisi.
Gcina ithuluzi lomshini nezinto ezisetshenziswayo zisesimweni esihle
Umsebenzisi kufanele agcine leli thuluzi lomshini nazo zonke izesekeli zisesimweni esihle futhi azibophezele esimweni sobuchwepheshe saleli thuluzi lomshini. Le mfuneko ibonisa isibopho somsebenzisi sokunakekela nokugcina ithuluzi lomshini. Amathuluzi omshini wokunemba amancane kanye nezinsiza zawo ngokuvamile kuyabiza futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ekucubunguleni ukunemba nekhwalithi. Umsebenzisi kufanele agcine ngendlela efanele ithuluzi lomshini kanye nezinsiza ukuze avimbele ukulahleka, ukulimala, noma ukweba. Phakathi nenqubo yokusebenza, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuvikela indawo engaphezulu kanye nokunemba kwethuluzi lomshini ukuze kugwenywe ukungqubuzana, ukuklwebheka, noma ukugqwala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlolwa nokugcinwa okuvamile kwethuluzi lomshini kanye nezinsiza kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kutholwe futhi kulungiswe izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngesikhathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini lihlala lisesimweni esihle sobuchwepheshe.
Gcina indawo yokusebenza ihlanzekile
Umsebenzisi kufanele agcine indawo yokusebenza ihlanzekile, ngaphandle kokunqwabelana kothuli noma ama-chips, futhi angapakishi izingcezu zokusebenza nezinhlobonhlobo ezingahlobene nomsebenzi. Lapho uhlanza indawo yokusebenza, sebenzisa i-mop kuphela ukuhudula, hhayi umshanelo ukuze ushanele. Indawo yokusebenza ehlanzekile ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula yamathuluzi omshini omncane wokunemba. Uthuli nama-chips kungase kungene ngaphakathi kwethuluzi lomshini futhi kuthinte ukunemba nokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini. Ama-workpieces nama-sundries angahlobene nomsebenzi angase avimbe ukusebenza futhi andise izingozi zokuphepha. Ukusebenzisa i-mop ukudonsa phansi kungagwema ukuphakamisa uthuli futhi kunciphise ukungcoliswa kwethuluzi lomshini. Ukushanela ngomshanelo kungase kunyuse uthuli futhi kubangele ukulimala ethuluzini lomshini nempilo yomsebenzisi.
IV. Izidingo zokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi
Amathuluzi asetshenziswa amathuluzi omshini wokunemba amancane ajwayelekile futhi anikezelwe. Le mfuneko iwukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza. Amathuluzi ajwayelekile angaqinisekisa ukunemba kobukhulu nokungaguquguquki futhi agweme ukuthikameza ukunemba kokucubungula ngenxa yamaphutha wamathuluzi. Amathuluzi anikezelwe aklanywe ngokuya ngezici nezidingo zokucubungula zamathuluzi omshini wokunemba amancane futhi angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kangcono nokusebenza kanye nezidingo zokucubungula zamathuluzi omshini. Umsebenzisi kufanele asebenzise ngendlela efanele amathuluzi ajwayelekile nazinikele futhi akufanele avele ashintshe noma asebenzise amathuluzi angajwayelekile. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amathuluzi, ukuhlolwa nokulinganisa kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho nokunemba kwamathuluzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amathuluzi kufanele agcinwe kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulahlekelwa, ukulimala, noma ukweba.
Amathuluzi asetshenziswa amathuluzi omshini wokunemba amancane ajwayelekile futhi anikezelwe. Le mfuneko iwukuqinisekisa ukunemba kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza. Amathuluzi ajwayelekile angaqinisekisa ukunemba kobukhulu nokungaguquguquki futhi agweme ukuthikameza ukunemba kokucubungula ngenxa yamaphutha wamathuluzi. Amathuluzi anikezelwe aklanywe ngokuya ngezici nezidingo zokucubungula zamathuluzi omshini wokunemba amancane futhi angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kangcono nokusebenza kanye nezidingo zokucubungula zamathuluzi omshini. Umsebenzisi kufanele asebenzise ngendlela efanele amathuluzi ajwayelekile nazinikele futhi akufanele avele ashintshe noma asebenzise amathuluzi angajwayelekile. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa amathuluzi, ukuhlolwa nokulinganisa kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubuqotho nokunemba kwamathuluzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amathuluzi kufanele agcinwe kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulahlekelwa, ukulimala, noma ukweba.
V. Izidingo zekhwalithi yochwepheshe
Yiba nomuzwa ophezulu wokuzibophezela
Umsebenzisi kufanele abe nomuzwa ophezulu wokuzibophezela futhi athathe wonke umsebenzi wokucubungula ngokungathi sína. Izidingo zokunemba kokucubungula zamathuluzi omshini wokunemba amancane ziphezulu kakhulu. Noma yiliphi iphutha elincane lingaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu. Umsebenzisi kufanele ahlale eqaphile futhi asebenze ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nezinqubo zokusebenza ukuze aqinisekise izinga lokucubungula nokuphepha. Phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula, qaphela kakhulu isimo sokusebenza sethuluzi lomshini futhi uthole futhi uxazulule izinkinga ngesikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, yiba nomthwalo wemfanelo ngomsebenzi womuntu siqu futhi uhlole ngokucophelela izingxenye ezicutshunguliwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi.
Yiba namakhono amahle okuxhumana
Umsebenzisi udinga ukuxhumana okuhle nabasebenzi abavela kweminye iminyango, njengabaklami bezinqubo nabahloli bekhwalithi. Phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula, ezinye izinkinga zobuchwepheshe noma zekhwalithi zingase kuhlangatshezwane nazo, futhi ukuxhumana okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokuxoxisana nabasebenzi abafanelekile kuyadingeka ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ngokubambisana. Amakhono amahle okuxhumana angathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi, anciphise ukungezwani nezingxabano, futhi aqinisekise ukuphothulwa kahle kwemisebenzi yokucubungula.
Yiba nekhono lokufunda ngokuqhubekayo
Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bamathuluzi amancane omshini wokunemba nawo bubuyekezwa njalo futhi buthuthukiswe. Umsebenzisi kufanele abe nekhono lokuqhubeka nokufunda, ekwazi kahle ubuchwepheshe obusha nolwazi ngesikhathi, futhi athuthukise izinga lakhe lokusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yobuchwepheshe. Umuntu angakwazi ngokuqhubekayo ukufunda futhi aqongelele ulwazi ngokubamba iqhaza ekuqeqeshweni, ngokufunda izincwadi zochwepheshe nomagazini, nokuxhumana nontanga ukuze azivumelanise nezidingo zomsebenzi ezishintshayo.
Yiba nomuzwa ophezulu wokuzibophezela
Umsebenzisi kufanele abe nomuzwa ophezulu wokuzibophezela futhi athathe wonke umsebenzi wokucubungula ngokungathi sína. Izidingo zokunemba kokucubungula zamathuluzi omshini wokunemba amancane ziphezulu kakhulu. Noma yiliphi iphutha elincane lingaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu. Umsebenzisi kufanele ahlale eqaphile futhi asebenze ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nezinqubo zokusebenza ukuze aqinisekise izinga lokucubungula nokuphepha. Phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula, qaphela kakhulu isimo sokusebenza sethuluzi lomshini futhi uthole futhi uxazulule izinkinga ngesikhathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, yiba nomthwalo wemfanelo ngomsebenzi womuntu siqu futhi uhlole ngokucophelela izingxenye ezicutshunguliwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zekhwalithi.
Yiba namakhono amahle okuxhumana
Umsebenzisi udinga ukuxhumana okuhle nabasebenzi abavela kweminye iminyango, njengabaklami bezinqubo nabahloli bekhwalithi. Phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula, ezinye izinkinga zobuchwepheshe noma zekhwalithi zingase kuhlangatshezwane nazo, futhi ukuxhumana okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokuxoxisana nabasebenzi abafanelekile kuyadingeka ukuze kuxazululwe izinkinga ngokubambisana. Amakhono amahle okuxhumana angathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi, anciphise ukungezwani nezingxabano, futhi aqinisekise ukuphothulwa kahle kwemisebenzi yokucubungula.
Yiba nekhono lokufunda ngokuqhubekayo
Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bamathuluzi amancane omshini wokunemba nawo bubuyekezwa njalo futhi buthuthukiswe. Umsebenzisi kufanele abe nekhono lokuqhubeka nokufunda, ekwazi kahle ubuchwepheshe obusha nolwazi ngesikhathi, futhi athuthukise izinga lakhe lokusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yobuchwepheshe. Umuntu angakwazi ngokuqhubekayo ukufunda futhi aqongelele ulwazi ngokubamba iqhaza ekuqeqeshweni, ngokufunda izincwadi zochwepheshe nomagazini, nokuxhumana nontanga ukuze azivumelanise nezidingo zomsebenzi ezishintshayo.
Sengiphetha, amathuluzi omshini wokunemba amancane (izikhungo zomshini) anezidingo eziqinile zama-opharetha. Abaqhubi kufanele babe nesimo sabasebenzi esizinzile, iziqu eziqeqeshiwe, umuzwa onamandla wokuzibophezela, amakhono amahle okuxhumana, kanye nekhono lokufunda ngokuqhubekayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele balandele ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza, basebenzise amathuluzi ngendlela efanele, futhi bagcine ithuluzi lomshini nendawo yokusebenza ihlanzekile. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho izinzuzo zamathuluzi emishini emincane enembayo zingasetshenziswa ngokugcwele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucubungula ukunemba kanye nekhwalithi futhi kube negalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhizinisi.”