“Incazelo Eningiliziwe Yezinyathelo Zokuqapha Ngokusebenzisa Amathuluzi Omshini We-CNC”
Njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile ekukhiqizeni kwanamuhla, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nokunemba kwemishini. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile nokuzinzile kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC futhi kwandise impilo yabo yenkonzo, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele aqashelwe ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.
I. Izidingo Zabasebenzi
Abaqhubi nabasebenzi abalungisa amathuluzi omshini we-CNC kumele kube ochwepheshe abanolwazi lobuchwepheshe obuhambisanayo bethuluzi lomshini noma labo abathole ukuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe. Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC anemba okuphezulu kanye nemishini ezenzakalelayo. Ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwazo kudinga ulwazi namakhono athile ochwepheshe. Izisebenzi ezithole ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe kuphela ezingaqonda kahle isimiso sokusebenza, indlela yokusebenza kanye nezidingo zokunakekela ithuluzi lomshini, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile kwethuluzi lomshini.
Abaqhubi kanye nabasebenzi abalungisayo kufanele basebenzise ithuluzi lomshini ngokuhambisana nezinqubo zokusebenza zokuphepha kanye nemithethonqubo yokusebenza kokuphepha. Izinqubo nemithethonqubo yokusebenza kwezokuphepha zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nokusebenza okujwayelekile kwemishini futhi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuqinile. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ithuluzi lomshini, umuntu kufanele ajwayele indawo kanye nomsebenzi wephaneli yokusebenza, izinkinobho zokulawula namadivayisi okuphepha ethuluzi lomshini, futhi aqonde ububanzi bokucubungula namandla okucubungula ethuluzi lomshini. Phakathi nenqubo yokusebenza, kufanele kuqashelwe ekugcineni ukugxilisa ingqondo ukuze kugwenywe ukusetshenziswa kabi nokusebenza okungekho emthethweni.
Abaqhubi nabasebenzi abalungisa amathuluzi omshini we-CNC kumele kube ochwepheshe abanolwazi lobuchwepheshe obuhambisanayo bethuluzi lomshini noma labo abathole ukuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe. Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC anemba okuphezulu kanye nemishini ezenzakalelayo. Ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwazo kudinga ulwazi namakhono athile ochwepheshe. Izisebenzi ezithole ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe kuphela ezingaqonda kahle isimiso sokusebenza, indlela yokusebenza kanye nezidingo zokunakekela ithuluzi lomshini, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile kwethuluzi lomshini.
Abaqhubi kanye nabasebenzi abalungisayo kufanele basebenzise ithuluzi lomshini ngokuhambisana nezinqubo zokusebenza zokuphepha kanye nemithethonqubo yokusebenza kokuphepha. Izinqubo nemithethonqubo yokusebenza kwezokuphepha zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nokusebenza okujwayelekile kwemishini futhi kufanele kubhekwe ngokuqinile. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ithuluzi lomshini, umuntu kufanele ajwayele indawo kanye nomsebenzi wephaneli yokusebenza, izinkinobho zokulawula namadivayisi okuphepha ethuluzi lomshini, futhi aqonde ububanzi bokucubungula namandla okucubungula ethuluzi lomshini. Phakathi nenqubo yokusebenza, kufanele kuqashelwe ekugcineni ukugxilisa ingqondo ukuze kugwenywe ukusetshenziswa kabi nokusebenza okungekho emthethweni.
II. Ukusetshenziswa kweminyango yeKhabhinethi kagesi
Abangewona ochwepheshe abavunyelwe ukuvula umnyango wekhabethe likagesi. Isistimu yokulawula kagesi yethuluzi lomshini, okuhlanganisa izingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana nokunikezwa kwamandla, isilawuli nomshayeli, ifakwe kukhabhinethi kagesi. Abangebona ochwepheshe abavula umnyango wekhabethe likagesi bangase bahlangane nogesi onamandla amakhulu noma izinto zikagesi ezingasebenzi kahle, okuholela emiphumeleni engathi sína njengokushaqeka kukagesi nokulimala kwemishini.
Ngaphambi kokuvula umnyango wekhabhinethi kagesi, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukushintshwa kwamandla okuyinhloko kwethuluzi lomshini kuvaliwe. Lapho uvula umnyango wekhabhinethi kagesi ukuze uhlolwe noma ulungiswe, inkinobho enkulu yamandla yethuluzi lomshini kufanele ivalwe kuqala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha. Izisebenzi zokunakekela eziqeqeshiwe kuphela ezivunyelwe ukuvula umnyango wekhabethe likagesi ukuze zihlolwe amandla. Banolwazi namakhono kagesi ochwepheshe futhi bangahlulela ngendlela efanele futhi baphathe amaphutha kagesi.
Abangewona ochwepheshe abavunyelwe ukuvula umnyango wekhabethe likagesi. Isistimu yokulawula kagesi yethuluzi lomshini, okuhlanganisa izingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana nokunikezwa kwamandla, isilawuli nomshayeli, ifakwe kukhabhinethi kagesi. Abangebona ochwepheshe abavula umnyango wekhabethe likagesi bangase bahlangane nogesi onamandla amakhulu noma izinto zikagesi ezingasebenzi kahle, okuholela emiphumeleni engathi sína njengokushaqeka kukagesi nokulimala kwemishini.
Ngaphambi kokuvula umnyango wekhabhinethi kagesi, kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukushintshwa kwamandla okuyinhloko kwethuluzi lomshini kuvaliwe. Lapho uvula umnyango wekhabhinethi kagesi ukuze uhlolwe noma ulungiswe, inkinobho enkulu yamandla yethuluzi lomshini kufanele ivalwe kuqala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha. Izisebenzi zokunakekela eziqeqeshiwe kuphela ezivunyelwe ukuvula umnyango wekhabethe likagesi ukuze zihlolwe amandla. Banolwazi namakhono kagesi ochwepheshe futhi bangahlulela ngendlela efanele futhi baphathe amaphutha kagesi.
III. Ukuguqulwa Kwepharamitha
Ngaphandle kwamanye amapharamitha angasetshenziswa futhi ashintshwe abasebenzisi, abasebenzisi abakwazi ukulungisa amanye amapharamitha wesistimu, amapharamitha we-spindle, amapharamitha we-servo, njll. ngokuyimfihlo. Amapharamitha ahlukahlukene wamathuluzi omshini we-CNC alungiswa kahle futhi alungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza nokunemba kwethuluzi lomshini. Ukushintsha la mapharamitha ngasese kungase kuhilele ekusebenzeni okungazinzile kwethuluzi lomshini, ukuncipha kokunemba komshini, ngisho nokulimala kwethuluzi lomshini kanye nocezu lokusebenza.
Ngemuva kokuguqula amapharamitha, lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi womshini, ithuluzi lomshini kufanele lihlolwe ngokukhiya ithuluzi lomshini nokusebenzisa izingxenye zohlelo olulodwa ngaphandle kokufaka amathuluzi nezinsimbi zokusebenza. Ngemuva kokuguqula amapharamitha, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwethuluzi lomshini, ukuhlolwa kokuhlola kufanele kwenziwe. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, amathuluzi nezinto zokusebenza akufanele zifakwe kuqala, futhi ithuluzi lomshini kufanele likhiywe futhi amasegimenti ohlelo olulodwa kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuthola nokuxazulula izinkinga ngesikhathi. Kuphela ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini livamile lapho ithuluzi lomshini lingasetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni ekwenzeni imishini.
Ngaphandle kwamanye amapharamitha angasetshenziswa futhi ashintshwe abasebenzisi, abasebenzisi abakwazi ukulungisa amanye amapharamitha wesistimu, amapharamitha we-spindle, amapharamitha we-servo, njll. ngokuyimfihlo. Amapharamitha ahlukahlukene wamathuluzi omshini we-CNC alungiswa kahle futhi alungiselelwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza nokunemba kwethuluzi lomshini. Ukushintsha la mapharamitha ngasese kungase kuhilele ekusebenzeni okungazinzile kwethuluzi lomshini, ukuncipha kokunemba komshini, ngisho nokulimala kwethuluzi lomshini kanye nocezu lokusebenza.
Ngemuva kokuguqula amapharamitha, lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi womshini, ithuluzi lomshini kufanele lihlolwe ngokukhiya ithuluzi lomshini nokusebenzisa izingxenye zohlelo olulodwa ngaphandle kokufaka amathuluzi nezinsimbi zokusebenza. Ngemuva kokuguqula amapharamitha, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuvamile kwethuluzi lomshini, ukuhlolwa kokuhlola kufanele kwenziwe. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, amathuluzi nezinto zokusebenza akufanele zifakwe kuqala, futhi ithuluzi lomshini kufanele likhiywe futhi amasegimenti ohlelo olulodwa kufanele asetshenziselwe ukuthola nokuxazulula izinkinga ngesikhathi. Kuphela ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini livamile lapho ithuluzi lomshini lingasetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni ekwenzeni imishini.
IV. Uhlelo lwe-PLC
Uhlelo lwe-PLC lwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC luklanywe umkhiqizi wamathuluzi womshini ngokuya ngezidingo zethuluzi lomshini futhi aludingi ukushintshwa. Uhlelo lwe-PLC luyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokulawula ithuluzi lomshini, elilawula izenzo ezihlukahlukene kanye nobudlelwano obunengqondo bethuluzi lomshini. Umkhiqizi wamathuluzi womshini uklama uhlelo lwe-PLC ngokuya ngomsebenzi kanye nezidingo zokusebenza zethuluzi lomshini. Ngokuvamile, abasebenzisi abadingi ukuyishintsha. Ukuguqulwa okungalungile kungase kuhilele ekusebenzeni okungavamile kwethuluzi lomshini, ukulimala kwethuluzi lomshini ngisho nokulimaza isisebenzisi.
Uma kudingekile ngempela ukulungisa uhlelo lwe-PLC, kufanele lwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe. Kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, uhlelo lwe-PLC lungadinga ukushintshwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kochwepheshe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuphepha kokuguqulwa. Ochwepheshe banolwazi olucebile lokuhlela lwe-PLC nolwazi lwamathuluzi omshini, futhi bangahlulela ngokufanele isidingo nokuba nokwenzeka kokuguqulwa futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezihambisanayo.
Uhlelo lwe-PLC lwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC luklanywe umkhiqizi wamathuluzi womshini ngokuya ngezidingo zethuluzi lomshini futhi aludingi ukushintshwa. Uhlelo lwe-PLC luyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokulawula ithuluzi lomshini, elilawula izenzo ezihlukahlukene kanye nobudlelwano obunengqondo bethuluzi lomshini. Umkhiqizi wamathuluzi womshini uklama uhlelo lwe-PLC ngokuya ngomsebenzi kanye nezidingo zokusebenza zethuluzi lomshini. Ngokuvamile, abasebenzisi abadingi ukuyishintsha. Ukuguqulwa okungalungile kungase kuhilele ekusebenzeni okungavamile kwethuluzi lomshini, ukulimala kwethuluzi lomshini ngisho nokulimaza isisebenzisi.
Uma kudingekile ngempela ukulungisa uhlelo lwe-PLC, kufanele lwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe. Kwezinye izimo ezikhethekile, uhlelo lwe-PLC lungadinga ukushintshwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kochwepheshe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba nokuphepha kokuguqulwa. Ochwepheshe banolwazi olucebile lokuhlela lwe-PLC nolwazi lwamathuluzi omshini, futhi bangahlulela ngokufanele isidingo nokuba nokwenzeka kokuguqulwa futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezihambisanayo.
V. Isikhathi Esiqhubekayo Sokusebenza
Kunconywa ukuthi ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC akufanele kudlule amahora angama-24. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, uhlelo lukagesi nezinye izingxenye zemishini zizokhiqiza ukushisa. Uma isikhathi sokusebenza okuqhubekayo siside kakhulu, ukushisa okuqoqiwe kungase kudlule umthamo wokuthwala wemishini, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte impilo yesevisi yemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside kungase futhi kuholele ekwehleni kokunemba kwethuluzi lomshini futhi kuthinte ikhwalithi yokucubungula.
Hlela imisebenzi yokukhiqiza ngokunengqondo ukuze ugweme ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside. Ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yesevisi yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC futhi kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwemishini, imisebenzi yokukhiqiza kufanele ihlelwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kugwenywe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside. Izindlela ezinjengokushintshanisa ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi emishini eminingi kanye nokugcinwa okuvamile kokuvala shaqa kungamukelwa ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokusebenza esiqhubekayo sethuluzi lomshini.
Kunconywa ukuthi ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC akufanele kudlule amahora angama-24. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, uhlelo lukagesi nezinye izingxenye zemishini zizokhiqiza ukushisa. Uma isikhathi sokusebenza okuqhubekayo siside kakhulu, ukushisa okuqoqiwe kungase kudlule umthamo wokuthwala wemishini, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte impilo yesevisi yemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside kungase futhi kuholele ekwehleni kokunemba kwethuluzi lomshini futhi kuthinte ikhwalithi yokucubungula.
Hlela imisebenzi yokukhiqiza ngokunengqondo ukuze ugweme ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside. Ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yesevisi yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC futhi kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwemishini, imisebenzi yokukhiqiza kufanele ihlelwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kugwenywe ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwesikhathi eside. Izindlela ezinjengokushintshanisa ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi emishini eminingi kanye nokugcinwa okuvamile kokuvala shaqa kungamukelwa ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokusebenza esiqhubekayo sethuluzi lomshini.
VI. Ukusebenza kwezixhumi namajoyinti
Kuzo zonke izixhumi nezihlanganisi zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, ukuxhuma okushisayo nokukhipha ama-plug akuvunyelwe. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, izixhumi namajoyinti angase aphathe ugesi onamandla amakhulu. Uma kwenziwa imisebenzi yokuxhuma nokukhipha amapulaki ashisayo, kungase kubangele imiphumela emibi njengokushaqeka kukagesi nokulimala kwemishini.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izixhumi namajoyinti, inkinobho yamandla eyinhloko yethuluzi lomshini kufanele ivalwe kuqala. Uma kudingekile ukunqamula noma ukuxhuma izixhumi noma amalunga, inkinobho enkulu yamandla yethuluzi lomshini kufanele ivalwe kuqala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kufanele ziphathwe ngokucophelela ukugwema ukulimala kwezixhumi namajoyinti.
Kuzo zonke izixhumi nezihlanganisi zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, ukuxhuma okushisayo nokukhipha ama-plug akuvunyelwe. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC, izixhumi namajoyinti angase aphathe ugesi onamandla amakhulu. Uma kwenziwa imisebenzi yokuxhuma nokukhipha amapulaki ashisayo, kungase kubangele imiphumela emibi njengokushaqeka kukagesi nokulimala kwemishini.
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izixhumi namajoyinti, inkinobho yamandla eyinhloko yethuluzi lomshini kufanele ivalwe kuqala. Uma kudingekile ukunqamula noma ukuxhuma izixhumi noma amalunga, inkinobho enkulu yamandla yethuluzi lomshini kufanele ivalwe kuqala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kufanele ziphathwe ngokucophelela ukugwema ukulimala kwezixhumi namajoyinti.
Sengiphetha, lapho usebenzisa amathuluzi omshini we-CNC, izinqubo zokusebenza nemithethonqubo yokuphepha kufanele kubhekwe ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabasebenzi kanye nokusebenza okujwayelekile kwemishini. Abaqhubi nabasebenzi abalungisa izinto kufanele babe nolwazi namakhono ochwepheshe, benze imisebenzi yabo ngobuqotho, futhi benze umsebenzi omuhle ekusebenzeni, ekunakekeleni nasekugcinweni kwethuluzi lomshini. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho izinzuzo zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC zingaxhashazwa ngokugcwele, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomshini kungathuthukiswa, futhi negalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhizinisi.