I-Disc-Type Tool Magazine ye-CNC Machining Centers: Isakhiwo, Izicelo, kanye Nezindlela Zokushintsha Ithuluzi
I. Isingeniso
Emkhakheni wezikhungo zemishini ye-CNC, umagazini wamathuluzi uyingxenye ebalulekile ethinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kanye nezinga lokuzenzekelayo. Phakathi kwazo, umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc usetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo eziyingqayizivele. Ukuqonda izingxenye, izimo zohlelo lokusebenza, nezindlela zokushintsha amathuluzi omagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwediski kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni ngokujulile izimiso zokusebenza zezikhungo zemishini ye-CNC kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yomshini.
Emkhakheni wezikhungo zemishini ye-CNC, umagazini wamathuluzi uyingxenye ebalulekile ethinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kanye nezinga lokuzenzekelayo. Phakathi kwazo, umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc usetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo eziyingqayizivele. Ukuqonda izingxenye, izimo zohlelo lokusebenza, nezindlela zokushintsha amathuluzi omagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwediski kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni ngokujulile izimiso zokusebenza zezikhungo zemishini ye-CNC kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yomshini.
II. Uhlolojikelele Lwezinhlobo Zomagazini Bamathuluzi Ezikhungweni Zomshini ze-CNC
Omagazini bamathuluzi ezikhungweni zemishini ye-CNC bangahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngobumo bazo. Umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc ungenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu nezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwediski waziwa nangokuthi umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwengalo yethuluzi noma umagazini wethuluzi lokukhohlisa. Ngaphandle kwephephabhuku lethuluzi lohlobo lwediski, ezinye izinhlobo zomagazini bamathuluzi ziyehluka ngokuma kanye nezimiso zokusebenza. Isibonelo, umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwesambulela nawo uwuhlobo oluvamile, kodwa kunomehluko ngesivinini sokushintsha amathuluzi nezinye izici uma kuqhathaniswa nomagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwediski.
Omagazini bamathuluzi ezikhungweni zemishini ye-CNC bangahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ngokuya ngobumo bazo. Umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc ungenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu nezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwediski waziwa nangokuthi umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwengalo yethuluzi noma umagazini wethuluzi lokukhohlisa. Ngaphandle kwephephabhuku lethuluzi lohlobo lwediski, ezinye izinhlobo zomagazini bamathuluzi ziyehluka ngokuma kanye nezimiso zokusebenza. Isibonelo, umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwesambulela nawo uwuhlobo oluvamile, kodwa kunomehluko ngesivinini sokushintsha amathuluzi nezinye izici uma kuqhathaniswa nomagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwediski.
III. Izingxenye ze-Disc-Type Tool Magazine
(A) Izingxenye Zediski Yethuluzi
Izingxenye zediski yamathuluzi zingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zomagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc futhi zisetshenziselwa ukugcina amathuluzi okusika. Kunezikhala zamathuluzi ezithile kudiski yamathuluzi. Ukuklanywa kwalezi zikhala kungaqinisekisa ukuthi amathuluzi okusika abekwe ngokuzinzile kudiski yamathuluzi, futhi ubukhulu nokunemba kwezikhala kuhambisana nokucaciswa kwamathuluzi okusika asetshenzisiwe. Mayelana nokuklama, idiski yamathuluzi idinga ukuba namandla anele kanye nokuqina ukuze imelane nesisindo samathuluzi okusika kanye namandla e-centrifugal akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwesivinini esikhulu. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kwediski yamathuluzi nakho kubalulekile. Ngokuvamile, izindlela zokwelapha ezingagugi futhi ezilwa nokugqwala ziyamukelwa ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yesevisi yediski yamathuluzi.
Izingxenye zediski yamathuluzi zingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zomagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc futhi zisetshenziselwa ukugcina amathuluzi okusika. Kunezikhala zamathuluzi ezithile kudiski yamathuluzi. Ukuklanywa kwalezi zikhala kungaqinisekisa ukuthi amathuluzi okusika abekwe ngokuzinzile kudiski yamathuluzi, futhi ubukhulu nokunemba kwezikhala kuhambisana nokucaciswa kwamathuluzi okusika asetshenzisiwe. Mayelana nokuklama, idiski yamathuluzi idinga ukuba namandla anele kanye nokuqina ukuze imelane nesisindo samathuluzi okusika kanye namandla e-centrifugal akhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwesivinini esikhulu. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kwediski yamathuluzi nakho kubalulekile. Ngokuvamile, izindlela zokwelapha ezingagugi futhi ezilwa nokugqwala ziyamukelwa ukuze kunwetshwe impilo yesevisi yediski yamathuluzi.
(B) Ama-Bearings
Ama-Bearings adlala indima ebalulekile esekelayo kumagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc. Bangakwazi ukugcina izingxenye ezifana nediski yamathuluzi kanye ne-shaft zizinzile ngesikhathi sokujikeleza. Ama-bearings anembe kakhulu anganciphisa ukungqubuzana nokudlidliza ngesikhathi sokuzungezisa, athuthukise ukunemba kokusebenza nokuzinza komagazini wamathuluzi. Ngokuhambisana nezidingo zejubane lomthwalo nokuzungeza kumagazini wamathuluzi, izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nokucaciswa kwama-bearings, njengama-roller bearings nama-ball bearings, kuzokhethwa. Lawa ma-bearings adinga ukuba nomthamo omuhle wokuthwala umthwalo, ukunemba kokujikeleza, nokuqina.
Ama-Bearings adlala indima ebalulekile esekelayo kumagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc. Bangakwazi ukugcina izingxenye ezifana nediski yamathuluzi kanye ne-shaft zizinzile ngesikhathi sokujikeleza. Ama-bearings anembe kakhulu anganciphisa ukungqubuzana nokudlidliza ngesikhathi sokuzungezisa, athuthukise ukunemba kokusebenza nokuzinza komagazini wamathuluzi. Ngokuhambisana nezidingo zejubane lomthwalo nokuzungeza kumagazini wamathuluzi, izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nokucaciswa kwama-bearings, njengama-roller bearings nama-ball bearings, kuzokhethwa. Lawa ma-bearings adinga ukuba nomthamo omuhle wokuthwala umthwalo, ukunemba kokujikeleza, nokuqina.
(C) Ukuthwala Imikhono
Imikhono yokuthwala isetshenziselwa ukufaka ama-bearings futhi inikeze indawo yokufaka ezinzile kubo. Bangakwazi ukuvikela ama-bearings ekuqothulweni ukungcola kwangaphandle futhi baqinisekise isikhundla esifanele kanye nokugxila kwama-bearings ngemva kokufakwa. Izinto zemikhono ezithwalayo zivame ukukhethwa ezintweni zensimbi ezinamandla athile nokumelana nokugqoka, futhi ukunemba komshini wemikhono yokuthwala kunomthelela obalulekile ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwama-bearings kanye nokusebenza kwawo wonke umagazini wamathuluzi.
Imikhono yokuthwala isetshenziselwa ukufaka ama-bearings futhi inikeze indawo yokufaka ezinzile kubo. Bangakwazi ukuvikela ama-bearings ekuqothulweni ukungcola kwangaphandle futhi baqinisekise isikhundla esifanele kanye nokugxila kwama-bearings ngemva kokufakwa. Izinto zemikhono ezithwalayo zivame ukukhethwa ezintweni zensimbi ezinamandla athile nokumelana nokugqoka, futhi ukunemba komshini wemikhono yokuthwala kunomthelela obalulekile ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwama-bearings kanye nokusebenza kwawo wonke umagazini wamathuluzi.
(D) Umgodi
I-shaft iyisici esiyinhloko esixhuma i-disk yamathuluzi kanye nezingxenye zamandla ezifana ne-motor. Idlulisa i-torque ye-motor ukunika amandla idiski yethuluzi ukuthi ijikeleze. Umklamo we-shaft udinga ukucabangela amandla nokuqina kwawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukho ukuguqulwa okwenzekayo phakathi nenqubo yokudlulisa amandla. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izingxenye zokuxhuma phakathi kwe-shaft nezinye izakhi zidinga ukunemba okuhle kokufaka, njengokufaka ama-bearings, ukunciphisa ukuthuthumela nokulahlekelwa amandla ngesikhathi sokujikeleza. Kwamanye amamagazini ethuluzi lohlobo lwediski eliphezulu, i-shaft ingase isebenzise izinto ezikhethekile nezinqubo zokuwenza ukuze uhlangabezane nezimfuneko zokusebenza eziphezulu.
I-shaft iyisici esiyinhloko esixhuma i-disk yamathuluzi kanye nezingxenye zamandla ezifana ne-motor. Idlulisa i-torque ye-motor ukunika amandla idiski yethuluzi ukuthi ijikeleze. Umklamo we-shaft udinga ukucabangela amandla nokuqina kwawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi akukho ukuguqulwa okwenzekayo phakathi nenqubo yokudlulisa amandla. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izingxenye zokuxhuma phakathi kwe-shaft nezinye izakhi zidinga ukunemba okuhle kokufaka, njengokufaka ama-bearings, ukunciphisa ukuthuthumela nokulahlekelwa amandla ngesikhathi sokujikeleza. Kwamanye amamagazini ethuluzi lohlobo lwediski eliphezulu, i-shaft ingase isebenzise izinto ezikhethekile nezinqubo zokuwenza ukuze uhlangabezane nezimfuneko zokusebenza eziphezulu.
(E) Isembozo Sebhokisi
Ikhava yebhokisi idlala indima enkulu ekuvikeleni izingxenye zangaphakathi zemagazini yamathuluzi. Ingavimbela uthuli, ama-chips, nokunye ukungcola ukuthi kungangeni ngaphakathi kumagazini wamathuluzi futhi kuthinte ukusebenza kwawo okuvamile. Idizayini yekhava yebhokisi ngokuvamile idinga ukucabangela ukuvala kanye nokuqaqa kalula ukuze kube lula ukugcinwa nokuhlolwa kwezingxenye zangaphakathi zephephabhuku lamathuluzi. Ukwengeza, ukwakheka kwekhava yebhokisi nakho kudinga ukucabangela ukuhlanganiswa nokubukeka nendawo yokufaka yawo wonke umagazini wamathuluzi.
Ikhava yebhokisi idlala indima enkulu ekuvikeleni izingxenye zangaphakathi zemagazini yamathuluzi. Ingavimbela uthuli, ama-chips, nokunye ukungcola ukuthi kungangeni ngaphakathi kumagazini wamathuluzi futhi kuthinte ukusebenza kwawo okuvamile. Idizayini yekhava yebhokisi ngokuvamile idinga ukucabangela ukuvala kanye nokuqaqa kalula ukuze kube lula ukugcinwa nokuhlolwa kwezingxenye zangaphakathi zephephabhuku lamathuluzi. Ukwengeza, ukwakheka kwekhava yebhokisi nakho kudinga ukucabangela ukuhlanganiswa nokubukeka nendawo yokufaka yawo wonke umagazini wamathuluzi.
(F) Donsa izikhonkwane
Izikhonkwane zokudonsa zidlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokushintsha amathuluzi kumagazini wamathuluzi. Asetshenziselwa ukukhipha noma ukufaka amathuluzi okusika kusuka noma ku-slots yediski yamathuluzi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukunyakaza kwezikhonkwane zokudonsa kudinga ukulawulwa ngokunembile, futhi ukwakheka nokunemba kokukhiqiza kuthinta ngokuqondile ukunemba nokuthembeka kokuguqulwa kwamathuluzi. Izikhonkwane zokudonsa ngokuvamile zisebenza ngokubambisana nezinye izingxenye zokudlulisa ukuze kuqashwe ukufakwa nokukhipha amathuluzi okusika ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo zemishini.
Izikhonkwane zokudonsa zidlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokushintsha amathuluzi kumagazini wamathuluzi. Asetshenziselwa ukukhipha noma ukufaka amathuluzi okusika kusuka noma ku-slots yediski yamathuluzi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukunyakaza kwezikhonkwane zokudonsa kudinga ukulawulwa ngokunembile, futhi ukwakheka nokunemba kokukhiqiza kuthinta ngokuqondile ukunemba nokuthembeka kokuguqulwa kwamathuluzi. Izikhonkwane zokudonsa ngokuvamile zisebenza ngokubambisana nezinye izingxenye zokudlulisa ukuze kuqashwe ukufakwa nokukhipha amathuluzi okusika ngokusebenzisa izakhiwo zemishini.
(G) Idiskhi lokukhiya
Idiski yokukhiya isetshenziselwa ukukhiya idiski yethuluzi lapho imagazini yamathuluzi ingasebenzi noma isesimweni esithile ukuvimbela idiski yamathuluzi ukuthi ingazungezi ngephutha. Ingaqinisekisa isikhundla esizinzile samathuluzi okusika kumagazini wethuluzi futhi igweme ukuphambuka kwesikhundla sethuluzi okubangelwa ukuzamazama kwediski yamathuluzi ngesikhathi senqubo yokucubungula. Isimiso sokusebenza sediski yokukhiya ngokuvamile sibonakala ngokusebenzisana phakathi kwendlela yokukhiya ngomshini kanye nediski yamathuluzi noma i-shaft.
Idiski yokukhiya isetshenziselwa ukukhiya idiski yethuluzi lapho imagazini yamathuluzi ingasebenzi noma isesimweni esithile ukuvimbela idiski yamathuluzi ukuthi ingazungezi ngephutha. Ingaqinisekisa isikhundla esizinzile samathuluzi okusika kumagazini wethuluzi futhi igweme ukuphambuka kwesikhundla sethuluzi okubangelwa ukuzamazama kwediski yamathuluzi ngesikhathi senqubo yokucubungula. Isimiso sokusebenza sediski yokukhiya ngokuvamile sibonakala ngokusebenzisana phakathi kwendlela yokukhiya ngomshini kanye nediski yamathuluzi noma i-shaft.
(H) Imoto
Injini ingumthombo wamandla womagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc. Inikeza i-torque yokuzungezisa idiski yamathuluzi, ivumela umagazini wamathuluzi ukwazi ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi nemisebenzi yokuguqula amathuluzi. Ngokwezidingo zokuklama zephephabhuku lamathuluzi, kuzokhethwa amandla afanelekile kanye nesivinini sokujikeleza. Kwezinye izikhungo zemishini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, injini ingase ifakwe ukulawulwa kwesivinini esithuthukisiwe kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ukuze ibone ukulawula isivinini sokuzungezisa okunembe kakhudlwana kwediski yamathuluzi futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zezinqubo ezahlukene zomshini zejubane lokushintsha amathuluzi.
Injini ingumthombo wamandla womagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc. Inikeza i-torque yokuzungezisa idiski yamathuluzi, ivumela umagazini wamathuluzi ukwazi ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi nemisebenzi yokuguqula amathuluzi. Ngokwezidingo zokuklama zephephabhuku lamathuluzi, kuzokhethwa amandla afanelekile kanye nesivinini sokujikeleza. Kwezinye izikhungo zemishini ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, injini ingase ifakwe ukulawulwa kwesivinini esithuthukisiwe kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ukuze ibone ukulawula isivinini sokuzungezisa okunembe kakhudlwana kwediski yamathuluzi futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zezinqubo ezahlukene zomshini zejubane lokushintsha amathuluzi.
(I) Isondo laseGeneva
Umshini wamasondo e-Geneva unomsebenzi obalulekile ekukhombeni nasekubekweni komagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwediski. Ingenza idiski yethuluzi ijikeleze ngokunembile ngokuya nge-engeli enqunywe kusengaphambili, ngaleyo ndlela imise ngokunembile endaweni yethuluzi elidingekayo. Ukunemba kokwakhiwa nokukhiqizwa kwesondo lase-Geneva kunomthelela obalulekile ekumisweni kwamathuluzi ngokunemba kumagazini wamathuluzi. Ngokubambisana nezingxenye zamandla njengenjini, ingakwazi ukubona imisebenzi ephumelelayo nenembile yokukhetha amathuluzi.
Umshini wamasondo e-Geneva unomsebenzi obalulekile ekukhombeni nasekubekweni komagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwediski. Ingenza idiski yethuluzi ijikeleze ngokunembile ngokuya nge-engeli enqunywe kusengaphambili, ngaleyo ndlela imise ngokunembile endaweni yethuluzi elidingekayo. Ukunemba kokwakhiwa nokukhiqizwa kwesondo lase-Geneva kunomthelela obalulekile ekumisweni kwamathuluzi ngokunemba kumagazini wamathuluzi. Ngokubambisana nezingxenye zamandla njengenjini, ingakwazi ukubona imisebenzi ephumelelayo nenembile yokukhetha amathuluzi.
(J) Umzimba Webhokisi
Umzimba webhokisi uyisakhiwo esiyisisekelo esihlalisa futhi sisekele ezinye izingxenye zephephabhuku lamathuluzi. Ihlinzeka ngezikhundla zokufaka nokuvikelwa kwezingxenye ezifana nama-bearing, ama-shaft, namadiski amathuluzi. Idizayini yebhokisi lebhokisi idinga ukucabangela amandla kanye nokuqina kwawo wonke ukuze imelane namandla ahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwephephabhuku lamathuluzi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sangaphakathi somzimba webhokisi kufanele kube okunengqondo ukuze kube lula ukufakwa nokugcinwa kwengxenye ngayinye, futhi izindaba ezinjengokuqeda ukushisa kufanele zicatshangelwe ukuze zigweme ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kwephephabhuku lamathuluzi ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.
Umzimba webhokisi uyisakhiwo esiyisisekelo esihlalisa futhi sisekele ezinye izingxenye zephephabhuku lamathuluzi. Ihlinzeka ngezikhundla zokufaka nokuvikelwa kwezingxenye ezifana nama-bearing, ama-shaft, namadiski amathuluzi. Idizayini yebhokisi lebhokisi idinga ukucabangela amandla kanye nokuqina kwawo wonke ukuze imelane namandla ahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwephephabhuku lamathuluzi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sangaphakathi somzimba webhokisi kufanele kube okunengqondo ukuze kube lula ukufakwa nokugcinwa kwengxenye ngayinye, futhi izindaba ezinjengokuqeda ukushisa kufanele zicatshangelwe ukuze zigweme ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kwephephabhuku lamathuluzi ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa ngokweqile ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhathi eside.
(K) Ukushintsha kwezinzwa
Ukushintsha kwezinzwa kusetshenziswa kumagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwediski ukuze kutholwe ulwazi olufana nendawo yamathuluzi okusika kanye ne-engeli yokuzungezisa yediski yamathuluzi. Ngalezi zishintshi zezinzwa, isistimu yokulawula yesikhungo somshini singaqonda ngesikhathi sangempela isimo somagazini wamathuluzi futhi silawule ngokunembile inqubo yokushintsha amathuluzi. Isibonelo, inzwa yethuluzi elisendaweni ingaqinisekisa ukuma okunembile kwethuluzi lokusika uma lifakwe kusikhala sediski yamathuluzi noma i-spindle, futhi inzwa ye-engeli ye-tool disk rotation isiza ukulawula ngokunembile ukukhomba nokuma kwediski yamathuluzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka kahle komsebenzi wokushintsha ithuluzi.
Ukushintsha kwezinzwa kusetshenziswa kumagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwediski ukuze kutholwe ulwazi olufana nendawo yamathuluzi okusika kanye ne-engeli yokuzungezisa yediski yamathuluzi. Ngalezi zishintshi zezinzwa, isistimu yokulawula yesikhungo somshini singaqonda ngesikhathi sangempela isimo somagazini wamathuluzi futhi silawule ngokunembile inqubo yokushintsha amathuluzi. Isibonelo, inzwa yethuluzi elisendaweni ingaqinisekisa ukuma okunembile kwethuluzi lokusika uma lifakwe kusikhala sediski yamathuluzi noma i-spindle, futhi inzwa ye-engeli ye-tool disk rotation isiza ukulawula ngokunembile ukukhomba nokuma kwediski yamathuluzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqhubeka kahle komsebenzi wokushintsha ithuluzi.
IV. Izicelo ze-Disc-Type Tool Magazine Ezikhungweni Zomshini
(A) Ukubona Umsebenzi Wokushintsha Ithuluzi Okuzenzakalelayo
Ngemuva kokuthi umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc umisiwe esikhungweni somshini, ungabona ukushintsha kwethuluzi okuzenzakalelayo, okungenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi senqubo yomshini, lapho ithuluzi lokusika lidinga ukushintshwa, uhlelo lokulawula lushayela izingxenye ezifana ne-motor kanye ne-manipulator yephephabhuku lamathuluzi ngokuvumelana neziqondiso zohlelo ukuqedela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukushintsha kwethuluzi ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Lo msebenzi wokushintsha ithuluzi ozenzakalelayo uthuthukisa kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kahle komshini futhi unciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula phakathi nenqubo yokumayini.
Ngemuva kokuthi umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc umisiwe esikhungweni somshini, ungabona ukushintsha kwethuluzi okuzenzakalelayo, okungenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ngesikhathi senqubo yomshini, lapho ithuluzi lokusika lidinga ukushintshwa, uhlelo lokulawula lushayela izingxenye ezifana ne-motor kanye ne-manipulator yephephabhuku lamathuluzi ngokuvumelana neziqondiso zohlelo ukuqedela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukushintsha kwethuluzi ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu. Lo msebenzi wokushintsha ithuluzi ozenzakalelayo uthuthukisa kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kahle komshini futhi unciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula phakathi nenqubo yokumayini.
(B) Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kwemishini Nokunemba
Njengoba umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc ungabona ukushintsha kwethuluzi okuzenzakalelayo, i-workpiece ingaqedela izinqubo eziningi ezifana nokugaya, ukubhora, ukubhola, ukubuyisela kabusha, kanye nokuthinta ngaphansi kwesimo sokuphoqa okukodwa. Ukubamba okukodwa kugwema amaphutha okumisa okungenzeka ngesikhathi sezinqubo eziningi zokubopha, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba komshini. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, isivinini sokushintsha ithuluzi ngokushesha senza inqubo yokwenza imishini ihlangane kakhudlwana, inciphise isikhathi esiyisizayo futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwemishini iyonke. Ekwenziweni kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, le nzuzo ibonakala ngokucacile futhi inganciphisa ngempumelelo umjikelezo womshini futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Njengoba umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc ungabona ukushintsha kwethuluzi okuzenzakalelayo, i-workpiece ingaqedela izinqubo eziningi ezifana nokugaya, ukubhora, ukubhola, ukubuyisela kabusha, kanye nokuthinta ngaphansi kwesimo sokuphoqa okukodwa. Ukubamba okukodwa kugwema amaphutha okumisa okungenzeka ngesikhathi sezinqubo eziningi zokubopha, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba komshini. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, isivinini sokushintsha ithuluzi ngokushesha senza inqubo yokwenza imishini ihlangane kakhudlwana, inciphise isikhathi esiyisizayo futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwemishini iyonke. Ekwenziweni kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, le nzuzo ibonakala ngokucacile futhi inganciphisa ngempumelelo umjikelezo womshini futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
(C) Ukuhlangabezana Nezidingo Zezimfuneko Zenqubo Yemishini Eningi
Umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc ungamukela izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nokucaciswa kwamathuluzi okusika, angahlangabezana nezidingo zezinqubo ezahlukene zomshini. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-milling cutter enobubanzi obukhulu edingekayo ekwenzeni imishini engalungile noma ibhithi yokubhola enobubanzi obuncane, i-reamer, njll. edingekayo ukuze kuqedelwe ukukhanda, zonke zingagcinwa kumagazini wamathuluzi. Lokhu kwenza isikhungo somshini singadingi ukushintsha njalo umagazini wamathuluzi noma siguqule amathuluzi okusika mathupha lapho sibhekene nemisebenzi ehlukene yomshini, sithuthukise ngokwengeziwe ukuguquguquka nokuvumelana nezimo komshini.
Umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc ungamukela izinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nokucaciswa kwamathuluzi okusika, angahlangabezana nezidingo zezinqubo ezahlukene zomshini. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-milling cutter enobubanzi obukhulu edingekayo ekwenzeni imishini engalungile noma ibhithi yokubhola enobubanzi obuncane, i-reamer, njll. edingekayo ukuze kuqedelwe ukukhanda, zonke zingagcinwa kumagazini wamathuluzi. Lokhu kwenza isikhungo somshini singadingi ukushintsha njalo umagazini wamathuluzi noma siguqule amathuluzi okusika mathupha lapho sibhekene nemisebenzi ehlukene yomshini, sithuthukise ngokwengeziwe ukuguquguquka nokuvumelana nezimo komshini.
V. Indlela Yokushintsha Ithuluzi Lomagazini Wethuluzi Lohlobo Lwe-Disc
Ukushintsha ithuluzi lomagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwediski kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi nenembayo egcwaliswe umkhohlisi. Uma isistimu yokulawula yesikhungo somshini sikhipha umyalelo wokushintsha ithuluzi, isikhohlisi siqala ukunyakaza. Iqala kanyekanye ibambe ithuluzi lokusika elisetshenziswa ku-spindle kanye nethuluzi lokusika elikhethiwe kumagazini wethuluzi, bese lizungeza i-180 °. Lokhu kunyakaza kokujikeleza kudinga ukulawula okunembayo okuphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokunemba kwesikhundla samathuluzi okusika ngesikhathi sokujikeleza.
Ngemva kokuphothulwa kokujikeleza, i-manipulator ibeka ngokunembile ithuluzi lokusika elithathwe ku-spindle endaweni ehambisanayo yomagazini wethuluzi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ifaka ithuluzi lokusika elithathwe kumagazini wamathuluzi phezu kwe-spindle. Phakathi nale nqubo, izingxenye ezifana nezikhonkwane zokudonsa kanye nokushintshwa kwezinzwa zisebenza ngokubambisana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufakwa nokukhipha okunembile kwamathuluzi okusika. Ekugcineni, i-manipulator ibuyela kumsuka, futhi yonke inqubo yokuguqula amathuluzi iyaqedwa. Inzuzo yale ndlela yokuguqula ithuluzi ilele kujubane layo elisheshayo lokushintsha ithuluzi kanye nokunemba okuphezulu, okungahlangabezana nezidingo zezikhungo zemishini yesimanje ukuze kusetshenziswe imishini ephumelelayo nenembile.
Ukushintsha ithuluzi lomagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwediski kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi nenembayo egcwaliswe umkhohlisi. Uma isistimu yokulawula yesikhungo somshini sikhipha umyalelo wokushintsha ithuluzi, isikhohlisi siqala ukunyakaza. Iqala kanyekanye ibambe ithuluzi lokusika elisetshenziswa ku-spindle kanye nethuluzi lokusika elikhethiwe kumagazini wethuluzi, bese lizungeza i-180 °. Lokhu kunyakaza kokujikeleza kudinga ukulawula okunembayo okuphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokunemba kwesikhundla samathuluzi okusika ngesikhathi sokujikeleza.
Ngemva kokuphothulwa kokujikeleza, i-manipulator ibeka ngokunembile ithuluzi lokusika elithathwe ku-spindle endaweni ehambisanayo yomagazini wethuluzi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ifaka ithuluzi lokusika elithathwe kumagazini wamathuluzi phezu kwe-spindle. Phakathi nale nqubo, izingxenye ezifana nezikhonkwane zokudonsa kanye nokushintshwa kwezinzwa zisebenza ngokubambisana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufakwa nokukhipha okunembile kwamathuluzi okusika. Ekugcineni, i-manipulator ibuyela kumsuka, futhi yonke inqubo yokuguqula amathuluzi iyaqedwa. Inzuzo yale ndlela yokuguqula ithuluzi ilele kujubane layo elisheshayo lokushintsha ithuluzi kanye nokunemba okuphezulu, okungahlangabezana nezidingo zezikhungo zemishini yesimanje ukuze kusetshenziswe imishini ephumelelayo nenembile.
VI. Amathrendi Okuthuthukisa kanye Nokuqanjwa Kwezobuchwepheshe kumagazini we-Disc-Type Tool Magazine
(A) Ukuthuthukisa Isivinini Sokushintsha Ithuluzi Nokunemba
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bomshini, izidingo eziphakeme zibekwe phambili zejubane lokushintsha ithuluzi nokunemba komagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc. Omagazini besikhathi esizayo bethuluzi lohlobo lwediski bangase basebenzise ubuchwepheshe bokushayela bezimoto obuthuthuke kakhulu, izingxenye zokudlulisa ezinembe kakhulu, namaswishi enzwa azwelayo ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokunciphisa isikhathi sokushintsha amathuluzi nokuthuthukisa ukunemba kokuma kwamathuluzi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kanye nekhwalithi yesikhungo somshini.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bomshini, izidingo eziphakeme zibekwe phambili zejubane lokushintsha ithuluzi nokunemba komagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc. Omagazini besikhathi esizayo bethuluzi lohlobo lwediski bangase basebenzise ubuchwepheshe bokushayela bezimoto obuthuthuke kakhulu, izingxenye zokudlulisa ezinembe kakhulu, namaswishi enzwa azwelayo ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokunciphisa isikhathi sokushintsha amathuluzi nokuthuthukisa ukunemba kokuma kwamathuluzi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwemishini kanye nekhwalithi yesikhungo somshini.
(B) Ukwandisa Ikhono Lamathuluzi
Kweminye imisebenzi yemishini eyinkimbinkimbi, izinhlobo eziningi kanye nenani lamathuluzi okusika liyadingeka. Ngakho-ke, umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc unomkhuba wokuthuthukela ekukhuliseni umthamo wamathuluzi. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukwakheka okusha kwesakhiwo sediski yamathuluzi, ukwakheka kwengxenye ehlangene, kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kwendawo yonke yephephabhuku lamathuluzi ukuze kufakwe amathuluzi okusika engeziwe ngaphandle kokwandisa umthamo womagazini wamathuluzi kakhulu.
Kweminye imisebenzi yemishini eyinkimbinkimbi, izinhlobo eziningi kanye nenani lamathuluzi okusika liyadingeka. Ngakho-ke, umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc unomkhuba wokuthuthukela ekukhuliseni umthamo wamathuluzi. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukwakheka okusha kwesakhiwo sediski yamathuluzi, ukwakheka kwengxenye ehlangene, kanye nokusetshenziswa kahle kwendawo yonke yephephabhuku lamathuluzi ukuze kufakwe amathuluzi okusika engeziwe ngaphandle kokwandisa umthamo womagazini wamathuluzi kakhulu.
(C) Ukuthuthukisa iDegree yezobuNhloli kanye ne-Automation
Omagazini bethuluzi lohlobo lwediski lekusasa bazohlanganiswa ngokuseduze nesistimu yokulawula yesikhungo somshini ukuze kuzuzwe izinga eliphezulu lobuhlakani kanye ne-automation. Isibonelo, umagazini wamathuluzi ungaqapha isimo sokuguga samathuluzi okusika ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusebenzisa izinzwa futhi ubuyisele ulwazi kusistimu yokulawula. Uhlelo lokulawula luzolungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo imingcele yemishini noma lutshele ukushintsha amathuluzi okusika ngokusho kwezinga lokugqoka lamathuluzi okusika. Khonamanjalo, ukuxilonga amaphutha kanye nemisebenzi yokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi yephephabhuku lamathuluzi kuzolunga kakhulu, okungase kutholakale ngesikhathi izinkinga ezingaba khona futhi kunciphise isikhathi sokuphumula esibangelwa amaphutha omagazini wamathuluzi.
Omagazini bethuluzi lohlobo lwediski lekusasa bazohlanganiswa ngokuseduze nesistimu yokulawula yesikhungo somshini ukuze kuzuzwe izinga eliphezulu lobuhlakani kanye ne-automation. Isibonelo, umagazini wamathuluzi ungaqapha isimo sokuguga samathuluzi okusika ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusebenzisa izinzwa futhi ubuyisele ulwazi kusistimu yokulawula. Uhlelo lokulawula luzolungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo imingcele yemishini noma lutshele ukushintsha amathuluzi okusika ngokusho kwezinga lokugqoka lamathuluzi okusika. Khonamanjalo, ukuxilonga amaphutha kanye nemisebenzi yokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi yephephabhuku lamathuluzi kuzolunga kakhulu, okungase kutholakale ngesikhathi izinkinga ezingaba khona futhi kunciphise isikhathi sokuphumula esibangelwa amaphutha omagazini wamathuluzi.
(D) Ukuhlanganiswa Okujulile Nezinqubo Zomshini
Ukuthuthukiswa komagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc kuzonaka kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa okujulile nezinqubo zemishini. Isibonelo, ekucubunguleni okuhlukile (okufana nensimbi, izinto eziyinhlanganisela, njll.) kanye nokwakheka kwemishini okuhlukile (okufana nendawo egobile, izimbobo, njll.), ukukhetha kwamathuluzi namasu okushintsha amathuluzi emagazini yamathuluzi kuzoba ngohlakaniphe kakhulu. Ngokuhlanganisa nesoftware yokuhlela inqubo, umagazini wamathuluzi ungakhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo amathuluzi okusika afaneleka kakhulu kanye nokuhleleka kokuguqula amathuluzi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle kwemishini.
Ukuthuthukiswa komagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc kuzonaka kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa okujulile nezinqubo zemishini. Isibonelo, ekucubunguleni okuhlukile (okufana nensimbi, izinto eziyinhlanganisela, njll.) kanye nokwakheka kwemishini okuhlukile (okufana nendawo egobile, izimbobo, njll.), ukukhetha kwamathuluzi namasu okushintsha amathuluzi emagazini yamathuluzi kuzoba ngohlakaniphe kakhulu. Ngokuhlanganisa nesoftware yokuhlela inqubo, umagazini wamathuluzi ungakhetha ngokuzenzakalelayo amathuluzi okusika afaneleka kakhulu kanye nokuhleleka kokuguqula amathuluzi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle kwemishini.
VII. Isiphetho
Njengengxenye ebalulekile yezikhungo zemishini ye-CNC, umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc unesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi nesinembayo esinquma ukusebenza kwawo okuhle kakhulu phakathi nenqubo yokwenza imishini. Kusukela ezingxenyeni zediski yamathuluzi kuya ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zokulawula nezokudlulisela, ingxenye ngayinye idlala indima ebalulekile. Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi komagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc akuthuthukisi nje kuphela izinga le-automation kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemishini yesikhungo somshini, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukunemba komshini ngokusebenzisa indlela enembile yokuguqula ithuluzi. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemboni yokukhiqiza, umagazini wamathuluzi ohlobo lwe-disc usenamandla amakhulu ekusungulweni kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza futhi uzoqhubeka nokuthuthukela ekubeni ngokushesha, okunembe kakhudlwana, nokuhlakaniphe kakhulu, okuletha ukunethezeka nokubaluleka okwengeziwe embonini yemishini ye-CNC.
Njengengxenye ebalulekile yezikhungo zemishini ye-CNC, umagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc unesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi nesinembayo esinquma ukusebenza kwawo okuhle kakhulu phakathi nenqubo yokwenza imishini. Kusukela ezingxenyeni zediski yamathuluzi kuya ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zokulawula nezokudlulisela, ingxenye ngayinye idlala indima ebalulekile. Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi komagazini wethuluzi lohlobo lwe-disc akuthuthukisi nje kuphela izinga le-automation kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemishini yesikhungo somshini, kodwa futhi kuqinisekisa ukunemba komshini ngokusebenzisa indlela enembile yokuguqula ithuluzi. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemboni yokukhiqiza, umagazini wamathuluzi ohlobo lwe-disc usenamandla amakhulu ekusungulweni kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza futhi uzoqhubeka nokuthuthukela ekubeni ngokushesha, okunembe kakhudlwana, nokuhlakaniphe kakhulu, okuletha ukunethezeka nokubaluleka okwengeziwe embonini yemishini ye-CNC.