"Ukukhiqiza Nokugcina I-Machining Center Spindle"
Emkhiqizweni wesimanje, izikhungo zemishini zidlala indima ebalulekile njengezisetshenziswa eziyinhloko zokufeza ukunemba okuphezulu. Futhi enye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zesikhungo somshini - i-spindle, ukusebenza kwayo kuthinta ngokuqondile ikhwalithi yokucubungula nokusebenza kahle. Ngakho-ke, i-spindle yesikhungo somshini wokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yenziwa kanjani? Futhi ithuluzi lokuphotha lomshini elibizayo lingalungiswa futhi lisetshenziswe kanjani? Ake silandele umenzi wesikhungo somshini ukuze siqonde ngokujulile.
I. Ukuhlakazwa kwesakhiwo sokuphotha sesikhungo somshini
Izingxenye zokuphotha zethuluzi lomshini ikakhulukazi zakhiwe ama-spindle, ama-bearing, nezingxenye zokudlulisela. Indima yayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isetshenziselwa ukusekela izingxenye zokudlulisela ezifana namagiya nama-pulleys nokudlulisa ukunyakaza kanye ne-torque; ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanye asetshenziselwa ukubopha ama-workpieces, njengama-mandrels. Isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi sinembe ngokwedlulele futhi siyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ingxenye ngayinye iyasebenzisana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-spindle ingakwazi ukugcina ukunemba okuzinzile nokwethembeka lapho ijikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu.
Izingxenye zokuphotha zethuluzi lomshini ikakhulukazi zakhiwe ama-spindle, ama-bearing, nezingxenye zokudlulisela. Indima yayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isetshenziselwa ukusekela izingxenye zokudlulisela ezifana namagiya nama-pulleys nokudlulisa ukunyakaza kanye ne-torque; ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanye asetshenziselwa ukubopha ama-workpieces, njengama-mandrels. Isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi sinembe ngokwedlulele futhi siyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ingxenye ngayinye iyasebenzisana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-spindle ingakwazi ukugcina ukunemba okuzinzile nokwethembeka lapho ijikeleza ngesivinini esikhulu.
II. Inqubo yomshini wokuphotha kwesikhungo somshini
Siyazi ukuthi isisekelo sokucubungula imikhiqizo ngamathuluzi omshini, futhi inqubo yokwenza ama-spindle amathuluzi omshini icwengisiswe nakakhulu. Ukuthatha ukucutshungulwa kwama-spindle e-HAAS njengesibonelo, ingxenye yokuphotha engenalutho enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-170 (mayelana ne-77KG) ingena enqubweni yokwelapha ukushisa ngemva kwemizuzu engu-29 kuphela yesikhathi sokucubungula. Kule mizuzu emifushane engama-29, izinqubo ezimbili seziqediwe, futhi u-70% wezinto ezibonakalayo ususiwe.
Kule nqubo yokucubungula ephumelelayo, amalathini amabili e-st40 CNC kanye nerobhothi ene-axis eyisithupha asetshenziswa ngokubambisana. Irobhothi lingakwazi ukuthwala umthwalo ongamakhilogremu angu-280 futhi linekhono elihle lokuphindaphinda indawo. Ngokushintsha uhlelo, imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ingenziwa, okungenye yezizathu ezenza amarobhothi asetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni wokukhiqiza. Ukuvumela amarobhothi abambe iqhaza ekukhiqizeni akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi kunciphise umsebenzi wokuphatha ngokuphindaphindiwe wabaqhubi, okwenza umuntu oyedwa abambe iqhaza ekukhiqizeni izinqubo eziningi, ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Siyazi ukuthi isisekelo sokucubungula imikhiqizo ngamathuluzi omshini, futhi inqubo yokwenza ama-spindle amathuluzi omshini icwengisiswe nakakhulu. Ukuthatha ukucutshungulwa kwama-spindle e-HAAS njengesibonelo, ingxenye yokuphotha engenalutho enesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-170 (mayelana ne-77KG) ingena enqubweni yokwelapha ukushisa ngemva kwemizuzu engu-29 kuphela yesikhathi sokucubungula. Kule mizuzu emifushane engama-29, izinqubo ezimbili seziqediwe, futhi u-70% wezinto ezibonakalayo ususiwe.
Kule nqubo yokucubungula ephumelelayo, amalathini amabili e-st40 CNC kanye nerobhothi ene-axis eyisithupha asetshenziswa ngokubambisana. Irobhothi lingakwazi ukuthwala umthwalo ongamakhilogremu angu-280 futhi linekhono elihle lokuphindaphinda indawo. Ngokushintsha uhlelo, imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ingenziwa, okungenye yezizathu ezenza amarobhothi asetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni wokukhiqiza. Ukuvumela amarobhothi abambe iqhaza ekukhiqizeni akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kodwa futhi kunciphise umsebenzi wokuphatha ngokuphindaphindiwe wabaqhubi, okwenza umuntu oyedwa abambe iqhaza ekukhiqizeni izinqubo eziningi, ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuguquguquka nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
III. Isayensi edumile: Ukugcinwa kwe-spindle yesikhungo somshini
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kanye nempilo yesevisi ye-spindle yesikhungo somshini, ukunakekelwa okufanele kubaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwe-bearing kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekunakekeleni, futhi indlela evame ukusetshenziswa iwukugcoba amafutha. Ngokuyinhloko kunezindlela ezimbili zokugcoba: indlela yokugcoba uwoyela komoya kanye nokuthambisa kokujikeleza kukawoyela.
Ukugcoba kokujikeleza kwamafutha
Uma usebenzisa ukuthambisa okujikeleza uwoyela, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani likawoyela ethangini likawoyela elihlala njalo lezinga lokushisa lanele. Ukugcotshwa kokujikeleza kukawoyela kunganciphisa ukungqubuzana nokukhiqiza ukushisa lapho kuhlangatshezwana nezidingo zokuthambisa, futhi kungamunca ingxenye yokushisa yezingxenye zokuphotha. Ngowoyela ojikelezayo ngokuqhubekayo, ukushisa kuyasuswa ukuze kugcinwe i-spindle isebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa elifanele.
Le ndlela yokugcoba idinga ukuhlolwa njalo kwenani likawoyela ethangini likawoyela ukuze kuqinisekiswe uwoyela owanele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qaphela ukuhlanzeka kwamafutha ukuze ugweme ukungcola okungena ohlelweni lokugcoba futhi kuthinte umphumela wokugcoba. Ukushintsha njalo amafutha kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile kwamafutha.
Indlela yokugcoba umoya kawoyela
Indlela yokugcoba uwoyela emoyeni iphambene nokugcotshwa kokujikeleza kwamafutha. Idinga kuphela ukugcwalisa u-10% wesikhala somthamo. Ukuthambisa komoya kawoyela ukuxuba inani elincane lamafutha okugcoba kanye negesi ngokucindezela okuthile ukuze kwakhe ingxube efana nenkungu kawoyela bese uyifafaza engxenyeni ephethe ukuze igcobe.
Le ndlela yokugcoba inezinzuzo zokusebenzisa kancane uwoyela, umphumela omuhle wokugcoba, futhi akukho ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izidingo zokugcinwa kwesistimu yokugcoba uwoyela emoyeni ziphakeme kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwengcindezi yegesi kanye nokunikezwa kwamafutha okugcoba kanye ne-nozzle engavinjelwe.
Ukuze kugcotshwe i-spindle, kunezindlela ezimbili futhi: indlela yokugcoba inkungu kawoyela nendlela yokugcoba umjovo.
Indlela yokugcoba inkungu kawoyela yenza amafutha okugcoba abe yizinhlayiyana ezincane bese ewahambisa engxenyeni ephethe ukuphotha ngomoya ukuze agcotshwe. Le ndlela ine-lubrication efanayo futhi inganikeza umphumela omuhle wokugcoba ngaphansi kokujikeleza kwesivinini esikhulu. Nokho, inkungu kawoyela ingase ibangele ukungcola okuthile endaweni ezungezile, futhi izinyathelo zokuvikela ezihambisanayo kudingeka zithathwe.
Indlela yokugcoba umjovo ifutha ngokuqondile uwoyela wokugcoba engxenyeni ethwalayo ngokusebenzisa umlomo wombhobho, onezinzuzo zokukhomba okuqinile kokugcoba kanye nomthelela omuhle. Kodwa-ke, indawo kanye ne-angle yokufutha ye-nozzle idinga ukulungiswa kahle ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphumela ongcono kakhulu wokugcoba.
Ngamafuphi, ukunakekelwa kokuphotha kwesikhungo somshini kudinga ukucubungulisisa izici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kwendlela yokugcoba, ukulawulwa kwenani likawoyela, nokugcinwa kwenhlanzeko. Kuphela ngokwenza umsebenzi omuhle ekunakekeleni kwansuku zonke singaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwe-spindle, sandise impilo yayo yesevisi, futhi sithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula yesikhungo somshini.
Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele futhi aqashelwe:
Hlola njalo ukunemba nokuphuma kwe-spindle, futhi ulungise noma ulungise ngesikhathi uma izinkinga zitholakala.
Gwema i-spindle ukusebenza ngaphansi kokugcwala ngokweqile noma umthelela wesivinini esikhulu ukuvimbela ukulimala ku-spindle.
Gcina indawo yokusebenza yesikhungo somshini ihlanzekile ukuze uvimbele uthuli nokungcola ukuthi kungangeni ku-spindle.
Sebenza ngokwezinqubo zokusebenza kwemishini ukuze ugweme ukulimala kwe-spindle okubangelwa ukungasebenzisi kahle.
Nge-spindle yethuluzi lomshini obizayo, lapho kukhona ukwehluleka noma ukulimala, ukulungiswa nokusetshenziswa kungacatshangwa. Ikakhulukazi kunezindlela ezilandelayo zokulungisa:
Shintsha izingxenye ezilimele njengama-bearings nama-seal.
Lungisa izingxenye ezigugile, ezifana nokusebenzisa i-laser cladding, i-electric brush plating nobunye ubuchwepheshe.
Yenza ukulungisa okunembayo nokulinganisa ukuze ubuyisele ukunemba nokusebenza kwe-spindle.
Lapho ulungisa i-spindle, qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha i-ejensi yokulungisa efanele noma umkhiqizi ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yokulungisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-spindle elungisiwe kufanele ihlolwe ngokuqinile futhi ihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukusebenza kwayo kuhlangabezana nezidingo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
Ukufingqa, inqubo yokukhiqiza i-spindle yesikhungo somshini ilungile futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi umsebenzi wokunakekela nokulungisa nawo ubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwazi izindlela ezifanele zokukhiqiza, ukunakekela, kanye nezindlela zokulungisa kuphela lapho singakwazi ukudlala ngokugcwele ukusebenza kwe-spindle yesikhungo somshini futhi sinikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza kwesimanje.
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kanye nempilo yesevisi ye-spindle yesikhungo somshini, ukunakekelwa okufanele kubaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi kwazo, ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa lokusebenza kwe-bearing kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekunakekeleni, futhi indlela evame ukusetshenziswa iwukugcoba amafutha. Ngokuyinhloko kunezindlela ezimbili zokugcoba: indlela yokugcoba uwoyela komoya kanye nokuthambisa kokujikeleza kukawoyela.
Ukugcoba kokujikeleza kwamafutha
Uma usebenzisa ukuthambisa okujikeleza uwoyela, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani likawoyela ethangini likawoyela elihlala njalo lezinga lokushisa lanele. Ukugcotshwa kokujikeleza kukawoyela kunganciphisa ukungqubuzana nokukhiqiza ukushisa lapho kuhlangatshezwana nezidingo zokuthambisa, futhi kungamunca ingxenye yokushisa yezingxenye zokuphotha. Ngowoyela ojikelezayo ngokuqhubekayo, ukushisa kuyasuswa ukuze kugcinwe i-spindle isebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa elifanele.
Le ndlela yokugcoba idinga ukuhlolwa njalo kwenani likawoyela ethangini likawoyela ukuze kuqinisekiswe uwoyela owanele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qaphela ukuhlanzeka kwamafutha ukuze ugweme ukungcola okungena ohlelweni lokugcoba futhi kuthinte umphumela wokugcoba. Ukushintsha njalo amafutha kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuzinzile kwamafutha.
Indlela yokugcoba umoya kawoyela
Indlela yokugcoba uwoyela emoyeni iphambene nokugcotshwa kokujikeleza kwamafutha. Idinga kuphela ukugcwalisa u-10% wesikhala somthamo. Ukuthambisa komoya kawoyela ukuxuba inani elincane lamafutha okugcoba kanye negesi ngokucindezela okuthile ukuze kwakhe ingxube efana nenkungu kawoyela bese uyifafaza engxenyeni ephethe ukuze igcobe.
Le ndlela yokugcoba inezinzuzo zokusebenzisa kancane uwoyela, umphumela omuhle wokugcoba, futhi akukho ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izidingo zokugcinwa kwesistimu yokugcoba uwoyela emoyeni ziphakeme kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwengcindezi yegesi kanye nokunikezwa kwamafutha okugcoba kanye ne-nozzle engavinjelwe.
Ukuze kugcotshwe i-spindle, kunezindlela ezimbili futhi: indlela yokugcoba inkungu kawoyela nendlela yokugcoba umjovo.
Indlela yokugcoba inkungu kawoyela yenza amafutha okugcoba abe yizinhlayiyana ezincane bese ewahambisa engxenyeni ephethe ukuphotha ngomoya ukuze agcotshwe. Le ndlela ine-lubrication efanayo futhi inganikeza umphumela omuhle wokugcoba ngaphansi kokujikeleza kwesivinini esikhulu. Nokho, inkungu kawoyela ingase ibangele ukungcola okuthile endaweni ezungezile, futhi izinyathelo zokuvikela ezihambisanayo kudingeka zithathwe.
Indlela yokugcoba umjovo ifutha ngokuqondile uwoyela wokugcoba engxenyeni ethwalayo ngokusebenzisa umlomo wombhobho, onezinzuzo zokukhomba okuqinile kokugcoba kanye nomthelela omuhle. Kodwa-ke, indawo kanye ne-angle yokufutha ye-nozzle idinga ukulungiswa kahle ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphumela ongcono kakhulu wokugcoba.
Ngamafuphi, ukunakekelwa kokuphotha kwesikhungo somshini kudinga ukucubungulisisa izici ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukukhethwa kwendlela yokugcoba, ukulawulwa kwenani likawoyela, nokugcinwa kwenhlanzeko. Kuphela ngokwenza umsebenzi omuhle ekunakekeleni kwansuku zonke singaqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwe-spindle, sandise impilo yayo yesevisi, futhi sithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula yesikhungo somshini.
Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, amaphuzu alandelayo kufanele futhi aqashelwe:
Hlola njalo ukunemba nokuphuma kwe-spindle, futhi ulungise noma ulungise ngesikhathi uma izinkinga zitholakala.
Gwema i-spindle ukusebenza ngaphansi kokugcwala ngokweqile noma umthelela wesivinini esikhulu ukuvimbela ukulimala ku-spindle.
Gcina indawo yokusebenza yesikhungo somshini ihlanzekile ukuze uvimbele uthuli nokungcola ukuthi kungangeni ku-spindle.
Sebenza ngokwezinqubo zokusebenza kwemishini ukuze ugweme ukulimala kwe-spindle okubangelwa ukungasebenzisi kahle.
Nge-spindle yethuluzi lomshini obizayo, lapho kukhona ukwehluleka noma ukulimala, ukulungiswa nokusetshenziswa kungacatshangwa. Ikakhulukazi kunezindlela ezilandelayo zokulungisa:
Shintsha izingxenye ezilimele njengama-bearings nama-seal.
Lungisa izingxenye ezigugile, ezifana nokusebenzisa i-laser cladding, i-electric brush plating nobunye ubuchwepheshe.
Yenza ukulungisa okunembayo nokulinganisa ukuze ubuyisele ukunemba nokusebenza kwe-spindle.
Lapho ulungisa i-spindle, qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha i-ejensi yokulungisa efanele noma umkhiqizi ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yokulungisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-spindle elungisiwe kufanele ihlolwe ngokuqinile futhi ihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukusebenza kwayo kuhlangabezana nezidingo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
Ukufingqa, inqubo yokukhiqiza i-spindle yesikhungo somshini ilungile futhi iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi umsebenzi wokunakekela nokulungisa nawo ubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwazi izindlela ezifanele zokukhiqiza, ukunakekela, kanye nezindlela zokulungisa kuphela lapho singakwazi ukudlala ngokugcwele ukusebenza kwe-spindle yesikhungo somshini futhi sinikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza kwesimanje.