Ukuhlaziywa Kokugeleza Kokucubungula Kwezingxenye Ezinejubane Eliphezulu Ezikhungweni Zomshini
I. Isingeniso
Izikhungo zomshini zidlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wokucubungula ingxenye enesivinini esikhulu. Balawula amathuluzi omshini ngolwazi lwedijithali, okuvumela amathuluzi omshini ukuthi enze ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi yokucubungula ecacisiwe. Le ndlela yokucubungula ingaqinisekisa ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi ezinzile, kulula ukubona ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo, futhi inezinzuzo zokukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nomjikelezo omfushane wokukhiqiza. Ngaleso sikhathi, inganciphisa inani lokusetshenziswa kwemishini yenqubo, ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuvuselelwa ngokushesha komkhiqizo nokushintshwa, futhi ixhumeke eduze ne-CAD ukuze kuzuzwe uguquko ukusuka ekuklanyweni kuya emikhiqizweni yokugcina. Kwabaqeqeshwayo abafunda ukugeleza kokucubungula kwezingxenye ezinembayo ezinesivinini esikhulu ezikhungweni zokwenza imishini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuxhumana phakathi kwenqubo ngayinye nokubaluleka kwesinyathelo ngasinye. Lesi sihloko sizochaza kabanzi ngakho konke ukugeleza kokucubungula kusuka ekuhlaziyweni komkhiqizo kuya ekuhlolweni futhi sikubonise ngezimo ezithile. Izinto zekesi zingamabhodi anemibala emibili noma i-plexiglass.
Izikhungo zomshini zidlala indima ebalulekile emkhakheni wokucubungula ingxenye enesivinini esikhulu. Balawula amathuluzi omshini ngolwazi lwedijithali, okuvumela amathuluzi omshini ukuthi enze ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi yokucubungula ecacisiwe. Le ndlela yokucubungula ingaqinisekisa ukunemba okuphezulu kakhulu kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi ezinzile, kulula ukubona ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo, futhi inezinzuzo zokukhiqiza okuphezulu kanye nomjikelezo omfushane wokukhiqiza. Ngaleso sikhathi, inganciphisa inani lokusetshenziswa kwemishini yenqubo, ihlangabezane nezidingo zokuvuselelwa ngokushesha komkhiqizo nokushintshwa, futhi ixhumeke eduze ne-CAD ukuze kuzuzwe uguquko ukusuka ekuklanyweni kuya emikhiqizweni yokugcina. Kwabaqeqeshwayo abafunda ukugeleza kokucubungula kwezingxenye ezinembayo ezinesivinini esikhulu ezikhungweni zokwenza imishini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ukuxhumana phakathi kwenqubo ngayinye nokubaluleka kwesinyathelo ngasinye. Lesi sihloko sizochaza kabanzi ngakho konke ukugeleza kokucubungula kusuka ekuhlaziyweni komkhiqizo kuya ekuhlolweni futhi sikubonise ngezimo ezithile. Izinto zekesi zingamabhodi anemibala emibili noma i-plexiglass.
II. Ukuhlaziywa Komkhiqizo
(A) Ukuthola Ulwazi Lokubunjwa
Ukuhlaziywa komkhiqizo kuyisiqalo sakho konke ukugeleza kokucubungula. Ngalesi sigaba, sidinga ukuthola ulwazi olwanele lokuqamba. Ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezingxenye, imithombo yolwazi lokuqamba ibanzi. Isibonelo, uma kuyingxenye yesakhiwo esiwumshini, sidinga ukuqonda umumo nosayizi wayo, okuhlanganisa idatha yobukhulu bejiyomethri njengobude, ububanzi, ubude, ububanzi bembobo, nobubanzi be-shaft. Le datha izonquma uhlaka oluyisisekelo lokucutshungulwa okulandelayo. Uma kuyingxenye enezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezigobile, njenge-aero-injini, kudingeka idatha enembile yendawo egobile, engatholwa ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njengokuskena kwe-3D. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidingo zokubekezelelana kwezingxenye nazo ziyingxenye eyinhloko yolwazi lokuqamba, olubeka ububanzi bokunemba kokucubungula, njengokubekezelelana kobukhulu, ukubekezelelana komumo (ukuyindilinga, ukuqondile, njll.), nokubekezelelana kwesikhundla (i-parallelism, perpendicularity, njll.).
(A) Ukuthola Ulwazi Lokubunjwa
Ukuhlaziywa komkhiqizo kuyisiqalo sakho konke ukugeleza kokucubungula. Ngalesi sigaba, sidinga ukuthola ulwazi olwanele lokuqamba. Ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezingxenye, imithombo yolwazi lokuqamba ibanzi. Isibonelo, uma kuyingxenye yesakhiwo esiwumshini, sidinga ukuqonda umumo nosayizi wayo, okuhlanganisa idatha yobukhulu bejiyomethri njengobude, ububanzi, ubude, ububanzi bembobo, nobubanzi be-shaft. Le datha izonquma uhlaka oluyisisekelo lokucutshungulwa okulandelayo. Uma kuyingxenye enezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezigobile, njenge-aero-injini, kudingeka idatha enembile yendawo egobile, engatholwa ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njengokuskena kwe-3D. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidingo zokubekezelelana kwezingxenye nazo ziyingxenye eyinhloko yolwazi lokuqamba, olubeka ububanzi bokunemba kokucubungula, njengokubekezelelana kobukhulu, ukubekezelelana komumo (ukuyindilinga, ukuqondile, njll.), nokubekezelelana kwesikhundla (i-parallelism, perpendicularity, njll.).
(B) Ukuchaza Izidingo Zokucubungula
Ngaphandle kolwazi lokuqanjwa, izidingo zokucubungula ziphinde zigxile ekuhlaziyeni umkhiqizo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izici ezibonakalayo zezingxenye. Izakhiwo zezinto ezahlukahlukene ezinjengokuqina, ukuqina, kanye ne-ductility kuzothinta ukukhetha kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula. Isibonelo, ukucubungula izingxenye zensimbi ye-alloy high-hardness kungadinga ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi akhethekile okusika kanye nemingcele yokusika. Izidingo zekhwalithi yobuso nazo ziyisici esibalulekile. Isibonelo, imfuneko yokumahhadla kwengaphezulu iwukuthi kwezinye izingxenye ze-optical ezinembayo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ingaphezulu lifinyelele izinga le-nanometer. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezidingo ezithile ezikhethekile, njengokumelana nokugqwala nokumelana nokugqoka kwezingxenye. Lezi zidingo zingase zidinge izinqubo zokwelashwa ezengeziwe ngemva kokucubungula.
Ngaphandle kolwazi lokuqanjwa, izidingo zokucubungula ziphinde zigxile ekuhlaziyeni umkhiqizo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izici ezibonakalayo zezingxenye. Izakhiwo zezinto ezahlukahlukene ezinjengokuqina, ukuqina, kanye ne-ductility kuzothinta ukukhetha kobuchwepheshe bokucubungula. Isibonelo, ukucubungula izingxenye zensimbi ye-alloy high-hardness kungadinga ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi akhethekile okusika kanye nemingcele yokusika. Izidingo zekhwalithi yobuso nazo ziyisici esibalulekile. Isibonelo, imfuneko yokumahhadla kwengaphezulu iwukuthi kwezinye izingxenye ze-optical ezinembayo, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ingaphezulu lifinyelele izinga le-nanometer. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezidingo ezithile ezikhethekile, njengokumelana nokugqwala nokumelana nokugqoka kwezingxenye. Lezi zidingo zingase zidinge izinqubo zokwelashwa ezengeziwe ngemva kokucubungula.
III. Umklami we-graphic
(A) Isisekelo Sokuklama Ngokusekelwe Ekuhlaziyweni Komkhiqizo
Idizayini yezithombe isuselwe ekuhlaziyweni okunemininingwane yomkhiqizo. Ukuthatha ukucubungula uphawu njengesibonelo, okokuqala, ifonti kufanele inqunywe ngokuya ngezidingo zokucubungula. Uma kuwuphawu olusemthethweni olusemthethweni, kungasetshenziswa uhlobo lohlobo lweNgoma olujwayelekile noma ulimi olulingiswayo lwengoma; uma kuwuphawu lobuciko, ukukhethwa kwefonti kuhlukahluka kakhulu, futhi kungaba umbhalo wophawu, umbhalo wobufundisi, njll., ezinomqondo wobuciko. Ubukhulu bombhalo kufanele bunqunywe ngokuya ngobukhulu kanye nenjongo yophawu. Isibonelo, usayizi wombhalo wophawu oluncane lomuntu siqu mncane uma kuqhathaniswa, kuyilapho usayizi wombhalo wophawu olusemthethweni lwenkampani enkulu mkhulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Uhlobo lwe-seal nalo lubalulekile. Kunamajamo ahlukene njengesiyingi, isikwele, kanye ne-oval. Idizayini yomumo ngamunye idinga ukucabangela ukwakheka kombhalo wangaphakathi namaphethini.
(A) Isisekelo Sokuklama Ngokusekelwe Ekuhlaziyweni Komkhiqizo
Idizayini yezithombe isuselwe ekuhlaziyweni okunemininingwane yomkhiqizo. Ukuthatha ukucubungula uphawu njengesibonelo, okokuqala, ifonti kufanele inqunywe ngokuya ngezidingo zokucubungula. Uma kuwuphawu olusemthethweni olusemthethweni, kungasetshenziswa uhlobo lohlobo lweNgoma olujwayelekile noma ulimi olulingiswayo lwengoma; uma kuwuphawu lobuciko, ukukhethwa kwefonti kuhlukahluka kakhulu, futhi kungaba umbhalo wophawu, umbhalo wobufundisi, njll., ezinomqondo wobuciko. Ubukhulu bombhalo kufanele bunqunywe ngokuya ngobukhulu kanye nenjongo yophawu. Isibonelo, usayizi wombhalo wophawu oluncane lomuntu siqu mncane uma kuqhathaniswa, kuyilapho usayizi wombhalo wophawu olusemthethweni lwenkampani enkulu mkhulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Uhlobo lwe-seal nalo lubalulekile. Kunamajamo ahlukene njengesiyingi, isikwele, kanye ne-oval. Idizayini yomumo ngamunye idinga ukucabangela ukwakheka kombhalo wangaphakathi namaphethini.
(B) Ukudala Imifanekiso Ngokusebenzisa Isoftware Yobuchwepheshe
Ngemva kokunquma lezi zici eziyisisekelo, isofthiwe ye-graphic design design idinga ukusetshenziselwa ukudala izithombe. Ukuze uthole ihluzo ezilula ezinezinhlangothi ezimbili, isofthiwe efana ne-AutoCAD ingasetshenziswa. Kulezi software, uhlaka lwengxenye lungadwetshwa ngokunembile, futhi ubukhulu, umbala, njll. wemigqa ingasethwa. Ngemifanekiso eyinkimbinkimbi enezinhlangothi ezintathu, isofthiwe yokufanisa enezinhlangothi ezintathu efana ne-SolidWorks ne-UG idinga ukusetshenziswa. Lawa ma-software angakha ingxenye yamamodeli anezindawo ezigobile eziyinkimbinkimbi nezakhiwo eziqinile, futhi angenza idizayini yepharamitha, enze kube lula ukuguqulwa kanye nokwenza kahle kwezithombe. Phakathi nenqubo yokuklama imidwebo, izidingo zobuchwepheshe bokucubungula okulandelayo nazo zidinga ukucatshangelwa. Isibonelo, ukuze kube lula ukukhiqizwa kwezindlela zamathuluzi, imidwebo idinga ukuhlukaniswa ngokunengqondo futhi ihlukaniswe.
Ngemva kokunquma lezi zici eziyisisekelo, isofthiwe ye-graphic design design idinga ukusetshenziselwa ukudala izithombe. Ukuze uthole ihluzo ezilula ezinezinhlangothi ezimbili, isofthiwe efana ne-AutoCAD ingasetshenziswa. Kulezi software, uhlaka lwengxenye lungadwetshwa ngokunembile, futhi ubukhulu, umbala, njll. wemigqa ingasethwa. Ngemifanekiso eyinkimbinkimbi enezinhlangothi ezintathu, isofthiwe yokufanisa enezinhlangothi ezintathu efana ne-SolidWorks ne-UG idinga ukusetshenziswa. Lawa ma-software angakha ingxenye yamamodeli anezindawo ezigobile eziyinkimbinkimbi nezakhiwo eziqinile, futhi angenza idizayini yepharamitha, enze kube lula ukuguqulwa kanye nokwenza kahle kwezithombe. Phakathi nenqubo yokuklama imidwebo, izidingo zobuchwepheshe bokucubungula okulandelayo nazo zidinga ukucatshangelwa. Isibonelo, ukuze kube lula ukukhiqizwa kwezindlela zamathuluzi, imidwebo idinga ukuhlukaniswa ngokunengqondo futhi ihlukaniswe.
IV. Ukuhlela Inqubo
(A) Ukuhlela Izinyathelo Zokucubungula Ngombono Womhlaba Wonke
Ukuhlelwa kwenqubo kuwukusungula ngokunengqondo isinyathelo ngasinye sokucubungula ngokombono womhlaba wonke ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyeni okujulile kokubukeka nokucubungula izidingo zomkhiqizo womsebenzi. Lokhu kudinga ukucutshungulwa ukulandelana kokucubungula, izindlela zokucubungula, namathuluzi okusika nezinto ezizosetshenziswa. Ezingxenyeni ezinezici eziningi, kuyadingeka ukunquma ukuthi yisiphi isici okufanele sicutshungulwe kuqala nokuthi yisiphi esizocutshungulwa kamuva. Isibonelo, ngengxenye enazo zombili izimbobo nezindiza, ngokuvamile indiza icutshungulwa kuqala ukuze inikeze indawo eyinkomba ezinzile yokucubungula imigodi elandelayo. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokucubungula kuncike ezintweni kanye nokuma kwengxenye. Isibonelo, ukucutshungulwa kwendawo eyindilinga yangaphandle, ukuphenduka, ukugaya, njll. kungakhethwa; ukucutshungulwa kwembobo yangaphakathi, ukubhoboza, isidina, njll. kungamukelwa.
(A) Ukuhlela Izinyathelo Zokucubungula Ngombono Womhlaba Wonke
Ukuhlelwa kwenqubo kuwukusungula ngokunengqondo isinyathelo ngasinye sokucubungula ngokombono womhlaba wonke ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyeni okujulile kokubukeka nokucubungula izidingo zomkhiqizo womsebenzi. Lokhu kudinga ukucutshungulwa ukulandelana kokucubungula, izindlela zokucubungula, namathuluzi okusika nezinto ezizosetshenziswa. Ezingxenyeni ezinezici eziningi, kuyadingeka ukunquma ukuthi yisiphi isici okufanele sicutshungulwe kuqala nokuthi yisiphi esizocutshungulwa kamuva. Isibonelo, ngengxenye enazo zombili izimbobo nezindiza, ngokuvamile indiza icutshungulwa kuqala ukuze inikeze indawo eyinkomba ezinzile yokucubungula imigodi elandelayo. Ukukhethwa kwendlela yokucubungula kuncike ezintweni kanye nokuma kwengxenye. Isibonelo, ukucutshungulwa kwendawo eyindilinga yangaphandle, ukuphenduka, ukugaya, njll. kungakhethwa; ukucutshungulwa kwembobo yangaphakathi, ukubhoboza, isidina, njll. kungamukelwa.
(B) Ukukhetha Amathuluzi Okusika Afanelekile Nezinto Ezilungiswayo
Ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi okusika kanye nezakhiwo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlela inqubo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamathuluzi okusika, okuhlanganisa amathuluzi okuguqula, amathuluzi okugaya, izinsimbi zokubhoboza, amathuluzi ayisicefe, njll., futhi uhlobo ngalunye lwethuluzi lokusika lunamamodeli ahlukene kanye nemingcele. Lapho ukhetha amathuluzi okusika, izici ezifana nempahla yengxenye, ukunemba kokucubungula, kanye nekhwalithi yendawo yokucubungula idinga ukucatshangelwa. Isibonelo, amathuluzi okusika insimbi ngesivinini esiphezulu angasetshenziswa ukucubungula izingxenye ze-aluminium alloy, kuyilapho amathuluzi okusika i-carbide noma amathuluzi okusika i-ceramic ayadingeka ukucubungula izingxenye zensimbi eziqinile. Umsebenzi wezinto zokulungisa ukulungisa ucezu lokusebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokunemba phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula. Izinhlobo zokuhlanganisa ezijwayelekile zifaka ama-chuck anemihlathi emithathu, ama-chuck emihlathi emine, namapliers omlomo oyisicaba. Ezingxenyeni ezinomumo ongajwayelekile, izakhiwo ezikhethekile zingadinga ukuklanywa. Ekuhlelweni kwenqubo, izakhiwo ezifanele zidinga ukukhethwa ngokuvumelana nokuma nokucubungula izidingo zengxenye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umsebenzi ngeke ususwe noma ukhubazeke phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula.
Ukukhethwa kwamathuluzi okusika kanye nezakhiwo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlela inqubo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamathuluzi okusika, okuhlanganisa amathuluzi okuguqula, amathuluzi okugaya, izinsimbi zokubhoboza, amathuluzi ayisicefe, njll., futhi uhlobo ngalunye lwethuluzi lokusika lunamamodeli ahlukene kanye nemingcele. Lapho ukhetha amathuluzi okusika, izici ezifana nempahla yengxenye, ukunemba kokucubungula, kanye nekhwalithi yendawo yokucubungula idinga ukucatshangelwa. Isibonelo, amathuluzi okusika insimbi ngesivinini esiphezulu angasetshenziswa ukucubungula izingxenye ze-aluminium alloy, kuyilapho amathuluzi okusika i-carbide noma amathuluzi okusika i-ceramic ayadingeka ukucubungula izingxenye zensimbi eziqinile. Umsebenzi wezinto zokulungisa ukulungisa ucezu lokusebenza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza nokunemba phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula. Izinhlobo zokuhlanganisa ezijwayelekile zifaka ama-chuck anemihlathi emithathu, ama-chuck emihlathi emine, namapliers omlomo oyisicaba. Ezingxenyeni ezinomumo ongajwayelekile, izakhiwo ezikhethekile zingadinga ukuklanywa. Ekuhlelweni kwenqubo, izakhiwo ezifanele zidinga ukukhethwa ngokuvumelana nokuma nokucubungula izidingo zengxenye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umsebenzi ngeke ususwe noma ukhubazeke phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula.
V. Indlela Yesizukulwane
(A) Ukusebenzisa Ukuhlelwa Kwenqubo Nge-Software
Ukwakhiwa kwendlela kuyinqubo yokuqalisa ngokukhethekile ukuhlela inqubo ngesofthiwe. Kule nqubo, imidwebo eklanyelwe kanye nemingcele yenqubo ehleliwe idinga ukufakwa kwisofthiwe yokulawula izinombolo njenge-MasterCAM ne-Cimatron. Lawa ma-software azokhiqiza izindlela zamathuluzi ngokuya ngolwazi olufakiwe. Lapho ukhiqiza izindlela zamathuluzi, izici ezifana nohlobo, ubukhulu, kanye nemingcele yokusika yamathuluzi okusika kufanele kucatshangelwe. Isibonelo, ekucubunguleni ukugaya, ububanzi, isivinini sokujikeleza, izinga lokuphakelayo, nokujula kokusika kwethuluzi lokugaya kudingeka kusethwe. Isofthiwe izobala i-trajectory yokunyakaza yethuluzi lokusika kucezu lokusebenza ngokwala mapharamitha futhi ikhiqize amakhodi ahambisanayo we-G kanye namakhodi we-M. Lawa makhodi azoqondisa ithuluzi lomshini okufanele licutshungulwe.
(A) Ukusebenzisa Ukuhlelwa Kwenqubo Nge-Software
Ukwakhiwa kwendlela kuyinqubo yokuqalisa ngokukhethekile ukuhlela inqubo ngesofthiwe. Kule nqubo, imidwebo eklanyelwe kanye nemingcele yenqubo ehleliwe idinga ukufakwa kwisofthiwe yokulawula izinombolo njenge-MasterCAM ne-Cimatron. Lawa ma-software azokhiqiza izindlela zamathuluzi ngokuya ngolwazi olufakiwe. Lapho ukhiqiza izindlela zamathuluzi, izici ezifana nohlobo, ubukhulu, kanye nemingcele yokusika yamathuluzi okusika kufanele kucatshangelwe. Isibonelo, ekucubunguleni ukugaya, ububanzi, isivinini sokujikeleza, izinga lokuphakelayo, nokujula kokusika kwethuluzi lokugaya kudingeka kusethwe. Isofthiwe izobala i-trajectory yokunyakaza yethuluzi lokusika kucezu lokusebenza ngokwala mapharamitha futhi ikhiqize amakhodi ahambisanayo we-G kanye namakhodi we-M. Lawa makhodi azoqondisa ithuluzi lomshini okufanele licutshungulwe.
(B) Ukuthuthukisa Izinhlaka Zendlela Yethuluzi
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amapharamitha wendlela yamathuluzi athuthukiswa ngokulungiselelwa kwepharamitha. Ukulungiselela indlela yamathuluzi kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, ukunciphisa izindleko zokucubungula, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokucubungula. Isibonelo, isikhathi sokucubungula singancishiswa ngokulungisa imingcele yokusika ngenkathi uqinisekisa ukunemba kokucubungula. Indlela yethuluzi enengqondo kufanele inciphise ukushaywa okungenzi lutho futhi igcine ithuluzi lokusika liqhubeka nokusika phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugqokwa kwethuluzi lokusika kungancishiswa ngokuthuthukisa indlela yamathuluzi, futhi impilo yesevisi yethuluzi lokusika inganwetshwa. Isibonelo, ngokwamukela ukulandelana kokusika okunengqondo kanye nesiqondiso sokusika, ithuluzi lokusika lingavinjelwa ukuba livame ukusika ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngesikhathi sokucubungula, ukunciphisa umthelela ethuluzini lokusika.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amapharamitha wendlela yamathuluzi athuthukiswa ngokulungiselelwa kwepharamitha. Ukulungiselela indlela yamathuluzi kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, ukunciphisa izindleko zokucubungula, futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yokucubungula. Isibonelo, isikhathi sokucubungula singancishiswa ngokulungisa imingcele yokusika ngenkathi uqinisekisa ukunemba kokucubungula. Indlela yethuluzi enengqondo kufanele inciphise ukushaywa okungenzi lutho futhi igcine ithuluzi lokusika liqhubeka nokusika phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugqokwa kwethuluzi lokusika kungancishiswa ngokuthuthukisa indlela yamathuluzi, futhi impilo yesevisi yethuluzi lokusika inganwetshwa. Isibonelo, ngokwamukela ukulandelana kokusika okunengqondo kanye nesiqondiso sokusika, ithuluzi lokusika lingavinjelwa ukuba livame ukusika ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngesikhathi sokucubungula, ukunciphisa umthelela ethuluzini lokusika.
VI. Ukulingisa Indlela
(A) Ukuhlola Izinkinga Ezingenzeka
Ngemva kokwakhiwa kwendlela, ngokuvamile asinawo umuzwa onembile mayelana nokusebenza kwawo kokugcina ethuluzini lomshini. Ukulingisa indlela ukuhlola izinkinga ezingaba khona ukuze kuncishiswe izinga le-scrap lokucubungula kwangempela. Phakathi nenqubo yokulingisa indlela, umphumela wokubukeka kocezu lokusebenza ngokuvamile uyahlolwa. Ngokulingisa, kungabonakala ukuthi indawo engaphezulu yengxenye ecutshunguliwe ibushelelezi, noma ngabe kukhona izimpawu zamathuluzi, imihuzuko, nokunye ukukhubazeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi kukhona ukusika ngokweqile noma ukusika okuncane. Ukusika ngokweqile kuzokwenza ukuthi usayizi wengxenye ube mncane kunosayizi oklanyelwe, okuthinta ukusebenza kwengxenye; ukusika kancane kuzokwenza usayizi wengxenye ube mkhulu futhi kungase kudinge ukucutshungulwa kwesibili.
(A) Ukuhlola Izinkinga Ezingenzeka
Ngemva kokwakhiwa kwendlela, ngokuvamile asinawo umuzwa onembile mayelana nokusebenza kwawo kokugcina ethuluzini lomshini. Ukulingisa indlela ukuhlola izinkinga ezingaba khona ukuze kuncishiswe izinga le-scrap lokucubungula kwangempela. Phakathi nenqubo yokulingisa indlela, umphumela wokubukeka kocezu lokusebenza ngokuvamile uyahlolwa. Ngokulingisa, kungabonakala ukuthi indawo engaphezulu yengxenye ecutshunguliwe ibushelelezi, noma ngabe kukhona izimpawu zamathuluzi, imihuzuko, nokunye ukukhubazeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi kukhona ukusika ngokweqile noma ukusika okuncane. Ukusika ngokweqile kuzokwenza ukuthi usayizi wengxenye ube mncane kunosayizi oklanyelwe, okuthinta ukusebenza kwengxenye; ukusika kancane kuzokwenza usayizi wengxenye ube mkhulu futhi kungase kudinge ukucutshungulwa kwesibili.
(B) Ukuhlola Ukufaneleka Kokuhlelwa Kwenqubo
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwenqubo yendlela kunengqondo yini. Isibonelo, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi kukhona ukuphenduka okungenangqondo, ukuma okungazelelwe, njll endleleni yamathuluzi. Lezi zimo zingadala umonakalo ethuluzini lokusika kanye nokuncipha kokunemba kokucubungula. Ngokulingisa indlela, ukuhlelwa kwenqubo kungathuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe, futhi indlela yamathuluzi kanye nemingcele yokucubungula ingalungiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingxenye ingacutshungulwa ngempumelelo ngesikhathi sokucubungula kwangempela kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula ingaqinisekiswa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwenqubo yendlela kunengqondo yini. Isibonelo, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukuthi kukhona ukuphenduka okungenangqondo, ukuma okungazelelwe, njll endleleni yamathuluzi. Lezi zimo zingadala umonakalo ethuluzini lokusika kanye nokuncipha kokunemba kokucubungula. Ngokulingisa indlela, ukuhlelwa kwenqubo kungathuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe, futhi indlela yamathuluzi kanye nemingcele yokucubungula ingalungiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingxenye ingacutshungulwa ngempumelelo ngesikhathi sokucubungula kwangempela kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula ingaqinisekiswa.
VII. Okukhiphayo Kwendlela
(A) Isixhumanisi phakathi kweSofthiwe kanye Nethuluzi Lomshini
Ukukhishwa kwendlela kuyisinyathelo esidingekayo ukuze ukuhlelwa kwesoftware kusetshenziswe ethuluzini lomshini. Isungula ukuxhumana phakathi kwesofthiwe nethuluzi lomshini. Phakathi nenqubo yokuphuma kwendlela, amakhodi e-G akhiqiziwe namakhodi angu-M adinga ukudluliselwa ohlelweni lokulawula lwethuluzi lomshini ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezithile zokudlulisela. Izindlela zokudlulisa ezijwayelekile zifaka i-RS232 serial port communication, ukuxhumana kwe-Ethernet, kanye nokudlulisa isikhombimsebenzisi se-USB. Phakathi nenqubo yokudlulisa, ukunemba nobuqotho bamakhodi kudingeka kuqinisekiswe ukuze kugwenywe ukulahleka kwekhodi noma amaphutha.
(A) Isixhumanisi phakathi kweSofthiwe kanye Nethuluzi Lomshini
Ukukhishwa kwendlela kuyisinyathelo esidingekayo ukuze ukuhlelwa kwesoftware kusetshenziswe ethuluzini lomshini. Isungula ukuxhumana phakathi kwesofthiwe nethuluzi lomshini. Phakathi nenqubo yokuphuma kwendlela, amakhodi e-G akhiqiziwe namakhodi angu-M adinga ukudluliselwa ohlelweni lokulawula lwethuluzi lomshini ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezithile zokudlulisela. Izindlela zokudlulisa ezijwayelekile zifaka i-RS232 serial port communication, ukuxhumana kwe-Ethernet, kanye nokudlulisa isikhombimsebenzisi se-USB. Phakathi nenqubo yokudlulisa, ukunemba nobuqotho bamakhodi kudingeka kuqinisekiswe ukuze kugwenywe ukulahleka kwekhodi noma amaphutha.
(B) Ukuqonda Indlela Yethuluzi Ngemva kokucubungula
Kwabaqeqeshwayo abanesizinda esichwepheshile sokulawula izinombolo, ukuphuma kwendlela kungaqondwa njengokucutshungulwa kwendlela yamathuluzi. Injongo yokucubungula ngemva kokucubungula ukuguqula amakhodi akhiqizwe isofthiwe yokuhlela yokulawula izinombolo ibe amakhodi angabonwa uhlelo lokulawula lwethuluzi lomshini othile. Izinhlobo ezihlukene zezinhlelo zokulawula ithuluzi lomshini zinezidingo ezihlukile zefomethi nemiyalelo yamakhodi, ngakho-ke ukucubungula ngemuva kokucubungula kuyadingeka. Phakathi nenqubo yangemva kokucubungula, izilungiselelo zidinga ukwenziwa ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nemodeli yethuluzi lomshini kanye nohlobo lwesistimu yokulawula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amakhodi okukhiphayo angakwazi ukulawula kahle ithuluzi lomshini elizocutshungulwa.
Kwabaqeqeshwayo abanesizinda esichwepheshile sokulawula izinombolo, ukuphuma kwendlela kungaqondwa njengokucutshungulwa kwendlela yamathuluzi. Injongo yokucubungula ngemva kokucubungula ukuguqula amakhodi akhiqizwe isofthiwe yokuhlela yokulawula izinombolo ibe amakhodi angabonwa uhlelo lokulawula lwethuluzi lomshini othile. Izinhlobo ezihlukene zezinhlelo zokulawula ithuluzi lomshini zinezidingo ezihlukile zefomethi nemiyalelo yamakhodi, ngakho-ke ukucubungula ngemuva kokucubungula kuyadingeka. Phakathi nenqubo yangemva kokucubungula, izilungiselelo zidinga ukwenziwa ngokuya ngezinto ezifana nemodeli yethuluzi lomshini kanye nohlobo lwesistimu yokulawula ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amakhodi okukhiphayo angakwazi ukulawula kahle ithuluzi lomshini elizocutshungulwa.
VIII. Iyacubungula
(A) Ukulungiselela Ithuluzi Lomshini kanye Nokusethwa Kwepharamitha
Ngemva kokuqeda ukuphuma kwendlela, isigaba sokucubungula singenwa. Okokuqala, ithuluzi lomshini lidinga ukulungiswa, okuhlanganisa nokuhlola ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye yethuluzi lomshini ijwayelekile yini, njengokuthi ukuphotha, umzila wesitimela oqondisayo, nenduku yesikulufu isebenza kahle yini. Bese, amapharamitha ethuluzi lomshini adinga ukusetha ngokuya ngezidingo zokucubungula, njengejubane lokuzungezisa i-spindle, izinga lokuphakelayo, nokujula kokusika. Lawa mapharamitha kufanele ahambisane nalawo asethwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza indlela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inqubo yokucubungula iqhubeka ngokuvumelana nendlela yamathuluzi enqunywe kusengaphambili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-workpiece idinga ukufakwa ngendlela efanele ku-fixture ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokuma kwendawo yokusebenza.
(A) Ukulungiselela Ithuluzi Lomshini kanye Nokusethwa Kwepharamitha
Ngemva kokuqeda ukuphuma kwendlela, isigaba sokucubungula singenwa. Okokuqala, ithuluzi lomshini lidinga ukulungiswa, okuhlanganisa nokuhlola ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye yethuluzi lomshini ijwayelekile yini, njengokuthi ukuphotha, umzila wesitimela oqondisayo, nenduku yesikulufu isebenza kahle yini. Bese, amapharamitha ethuluzi lomshini adinga ukusetha ngokuya ngezidingo zokucubungula, njengejubane lokuzungezisa i-spindle, izinga lokuphakelayo, nokujula kokusika. Lawa mapharamitha kufanele ahambisane nalawo asethwe ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza indlela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inqubo yokucubungula iqhubeka ngokuvumelana nendlela yamathuluzi enqunywe kusengaphambili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-workpiece idinga ukufakwa ngendlela efanele ku-fixture ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokuma kwendawo yokusebenza.
(B) Ukuqapha kanye Nokulungisa Inqubo Yokucubungula
Phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula, isimo sokusebenza sethuluzi lomshini sidinga ukugadwa. Ngesikrini sokubonisa sethuluzi lomshini, izinguquko ekucubunguleni amapharamitha afana nomthwalo we-spindle namandla okusika zingabonwa ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma ipharamitha engavamile itholakala, njengomthwalo ophothayo oweqile, ingase ibangwe izici ezifana nokuguga kwamathuluzi kanye nemingcele yokusika engenangqondo, futhi idinga ukulungiswa ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe emsindweni nasekudlidlizeni kwenqubo yokucubungula. Imisindo engavamile nokudlidliza kungase kubonise ukuthi kunenkinga ngethuluzi lomshini noma ithuluzi lokusika. Phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula, ikhwalithi yokucubungula nayo idinga ukwenziwa isampula futhi ihlolwe, njengokusebenzisa amathuluzi okulinganisa ukukala usayizi wokucubungula nokubheka ikhwalithi engaphezulu yokucubungula, kanye nokuthola izinkinga ngokushesha nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa.
Phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula, isimo sokusebenza sethuluzi lomshini sidinga ukugadwa. Ngesikrini sokubonisa sethuluzi lomshini, izinguquko ekucubunguleni amapharamitha afana nomthwalo we-spindle namandla okusika zingabonwa ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma ipharamitha engavamile itholakala, njengomthwalo ophothayo oweqile, ingase ibangwe izici ezifana nokuguga kwamathuluzi kanye nemingcele yokusika engenangqondo, futhi idinga ukulungiswa ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe emsindweni nasekudlidlizeni kwenqubo yokucubungula. Imisindo engavamile nokudlidliza kungase kubonise ukuthi kunenkinga ngethuluzi lomshini noma ithuluzi lokusika. Phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula, ikhwalithi yokucubungula nayo idinga ukwenziwa isampula futhi ihlolwe, njengokusebenzisa amathuluzi okulinganisa ukukala usayizi wokucubungula nokubheka ikhwalithi engaphezulu yokucubungula, kanye nokuthola izinkinga ngokushesha nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa.
IX. Ukuhlola
(A) Ukusebenzisa Izindlela Zokuhlola Eziningi
Ukuhlola kuyisigaba sokugcina sakho konke ukugeleza kokucubungula futhi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, izindlela zokuhlola eziningi zidinga ukusetshenziswa. Ukuze kuhlolwe ukunemba kwe-dimensional, amathuluzi okulinganisa afana nama-vernier caliper, ama-micrometer, namathuluzi okulinganisa ama-three-coordinate angasetshenziswa. Ama-Vernier caliper nama-micrometer afanele ukukala izilinganiso zomugqa ezilula, kuyilapho amathuluzi okulinganisa ama-three-coordinates angakwazi ukukala ngokunembile ubukhulu bezinhlangothi ezintathu kanye namaphutha omumo wezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze kuhlolwe ikhwalithi yendawo engaphezulu, imitha yokugwedla ingasetshenziswa ukukala ukuhwalala komhlaba, futhi isibonakhulu esibonakalayo noma isibonakhulu se-electronic singasetshenziswa ukubuka i-surface microscopic morphology, ukuhlola ukuthi akukho yini imifantu, izimbotshana, nokunye ukonakala.
(A) Ukusebenzisa Izindlela Zokuhlola Eziningi
Ukuhlola kuyisigaba sokugcina sakho konke ukugeleza kokucubungula futhi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, izindlela zokuhlola eziningi zidinga ukusetshenziswa. Ukuze kuhlolwe ukunemba kwe-dimensional, amathuluzi okulinganisa afana nama-vernier caliper, ama-micrometer, namathuluzi okulinganisa ama-three-coordinate angasetshenziswa. Ama-Vernier caliper nama-micrometer afanele ukukala izilinganiso zomugqa ezilula, kuyilapho amathuluzi okulinganisa ama-three-coordinates angakwazi ukukala ngokunembile ubukhulu bezinhlangothi ezintathu kanye namaphutha omumo wezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze kuhlolwe ikhwalithi yendawo engaphezulu, imitha yokugwedla ingasetshenziswa ukukala ukuhwalala komhlaba, futhi isibonakhulu esibonakalayo noma isibonakhulu se-electronic singasetshenziswa ukubuka i-surface microscopic morphology, ukuhlola ukuthi akukho yini imifantu, izimbotshana, nokunye ukonakala.
(B) Ukuhlolwa Kwekhwalithi kanye Nempendulo
Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo iyahlolwa. Uma ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama, ingangena enqubweni elandelayo noma ihlanganiswe futhi igcinwe. Uma izinga lomkhiqizo lingahlangabezani nezidingo, izizathu zidinga ukucutshungulwa. Kungase kube ngenxa yezinkinga zokucubungula, izinkinga zamathuluzi, izinkinga zethuluzi lomshini, njll. phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula. Izinyathelo zidinga ukuthathwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe, njengokulungisa amapharamitha enqubo, ukushintsha amathuluzi, ukulungisa amathuluzi omshini, njll., bese ingxenye icutshungulwa kabusha kuze kube yilapho ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo isifanelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imiphumela yokuhlola idinga ukubuyiselwa ekugelezeni kokucubungula kwangaphambilini ukuze kunikezwe isisekelo sokuthuthukisa inqubo nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi.
Ngokwemiphumela yokuhlolwa, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo iyahlolwa. Uma ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuklama, ingangena enqubweni elandelayo noma ihlanganiswe futhi igcinwe. Uma izinga lomkhiqizo lingahlangabezani nezidingo, izizathu zidinga ukucutshungulwa. Kungase kube ngenxa yezinkinga zokucubungula, izinkinga zamathuluzi, izinkinga zethuluzi lomshini, njll. phakathi nenqubo yokucubungula. Izinyathelo zidinga ukuthathwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe, njengokulungisa amapharamitha enqubo, ukushintsha amathuluzi, ukulungisa amathuluzi omshini, njll., bese ingxenye icutshungulwa kabusha kuze kube yilapho ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo isifanelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imiphumela yokuhlola idinga ukubuyiselwa ekugelezeni kokucubungula kwangaphambilini ukuze kunikezwe isisekelo sokuthuthukisa inqubo nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi.
X. Isifinyezo
Ukugeleza kokucubungula kwezingxenye ezinembayo ezinesivinini esikhulu ezikhungweni zomshini kuwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi oluqinile. Isigaba ngasinye ukusuka ekuhlaziyweni komkhiqizo kuya ekuhlolweni sixhumene futhi sinethonya elilinganayo. Kuphela ngokuqonda ngokujulile ukubaluleka nezindlela zokusebenza zesiteji ngasinye nokunaka ukuxhumana phakathi kwezigaba lapho izingxenye zokunemba ngesivinini esiphezulu zingacutshungulwa kahle nangekhwalithi ephezulu. Abaqeqeshwayo kufanele baqongelele ulwazi futhi bathuthukise amakhono okucubungula ngokuhlanganisa ukufunda kwethiyori nokusebenza okungokoqobo phakathi nenqubo yokufunda ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhiqiza zesimanje zokucutshungulwa kwengxenye enesivinini esikhulu. Khonamanjalo, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bezikhungo zomshini buvuselelwa njalo, futhi ukugeleza kokucubungula nakho kudinga ukulungiswa ngokuqhubekayo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza.
Ukugeleza kokucubungula kwezingxenye ezinembayo ezinesivinini esikhulu ezikhungweni zomshini kuwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi oluqinile. Isigaba ngasinye ukusuka ekuhlaziyweni komkhiqizo kuya ekuhlolweni sixhumene futhi sinethonya elilinganayo. Kuphela ngokuqonda ngokujulile ukubaluleka nezindlela zokusebenza zesiteji ngasinye nokunaka ukuxhumana phakathi kwezigaba lapho izingxenye zokunemba ngesivinini esiphezulu zingacutshungulwa kahle nangekhwalithi ephezulu. Abaqeqeshwayo kufanele baqongelele ulwazi futhi bathuthukise amakhono okucubungula ngokuhlanganisa ukufunda kwethiyori nokusebenza okungokoqobo phakathi nenqubo yokufunda ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokukhiqiza zesimanje zokucutshungulwa kwengxenye enesivinini esikhulu. Khonamanjalo, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe bezikhungo zomshini buvuselelwa njalo, futhi ukugeleza kokucubungula nakho kudinga ukulungiswa ngokuqhubekayo futhi kuthuthukiswe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula kanye nekhwalithi, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokukhiqiza.