Ukuhlaziywa Okujulile Nokuthuthukisa Idethi Yendawo Yomshini Nokulungiswa Ezikhungweni Zomshini
Umbono: Leli phepha lichaza kabanzi mayelana nezimfuneko nezimiso zedatha yendawo yomshini ezikhungweni zomshini, kanye nolwazi olufanele mayelana nezakhiwo, okuhlanganisa izidingo eziyisisekelo, izinhlobo ezivamile, nezimiso zokukhetha zezakhiwo. Ihlola kahle ukubaluleka nokuhlobana kwalezi zici enqubweni yokwenza imishini yezikhungo zomshini, okuhloswe ngayo ukuhlinzeka ngesisekelo esiphelele nesijulile sethiyori kanye nesiqondiso esisebenzayo sochwepheshe kanye nabasebenzi abafanelekile emkhakheni wemishini yokwenza imishini, ukuze kuzuzwe ukuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa kokunemba kwemishini, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nekhwalithi.
I. Isingeniso
Izikhungo zemishini, njengohlobo lwemishini yokuzenzela esebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo enembayo ephezulu, ithatha isikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu embonini yesimanje yokukhiqiza imishini. Inqubo yokwenza imishini ibandakanya izixhumanisi eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukukhethwa kwedatha yendawo yomshini kanye nokunqunywa kwezinto ezilungiswayo kuphakathi kwezinto ezibalulekile. I-datum yendawo enengqondo ingaqinisekisa isikhundla esinembile se-workpiece phakathi nenqubo yomshini, inikeze indawo eqondile yokuqala yemisebenzi yokusika elandelayo; i-fixture efanelekile ingabamba ngokuzinzile ucezu lokusebenza, iqinisekise ukuqhubeka kahle kwenqubo yokwenza imishini futhi, ngokwezinga elithile, ithinte ukunemba komshini nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo olujulile lwedatha yendawo yokwenza imishini kanye nezakhiwo ezikhungweni zomshini lubaluleke kakhulu ngokwethiyori kanye nokusebenza.
Izikhungo zemishini, njengohlobo lwemishini yokuzenzela esebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo enembayo ephezulu, ithatha isikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu embonini yesimanje yokukhiqiza imishini. Inqubo yokwenza imishini ibandakanya izixhumanisi eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ukukhethwa kwedatha yendawo yomshini kanye nokunqunywa kwezinto ezilungiswayo kuphakathi kwezinto ezibalulekile. I-datum yendawo enengqondo ingaqinisekisa isikhundla esinembile se-workpiece phakathi nenqubo yomshini, inikeze indawo eqondile yokuqala yemisebenzi yokusika elandelayo; i-fixture efanelekile ingabamba ngokuzinzile ucezu lokusebenza, iqinisekise ukuqhubeka kahle kwenqubo yokwenza imishini futhi, ngokwezinga elithile, ithinte ukunemba komshini nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo olujulile lwedatha yendawo yokwenza imishini kanye nezakhiwo ezikhungweni zomshini lubaluleke kakhulu ngokwethiyori kanye nokusebenza.
II. Izidingo kanye Nezimiso Zokukhetha I-Datum Ezikhungweni Zomshini
(A) Izimfuneko Ezintathu Eziyisisekelo Zokukhetha Idethi
1. Indawo Enembile futhi Elula, Ukulungiswa Okuthembekile
Indawo enembile iwumbandela oyinhloko wokuqinisekisa ukunemba komshini. Indawo yedatha kufanele ibe nokunemba okwanele nokuzinza ukuze kunqunywe ngokunembile indawo yesiqeshana somsebenzi ohlelweni lokuxhumanisa lwesikhungo somshini. Isibonelo, uma ugaya indiza, uma kunephutha elikhulu lokucaba endaweni yedatha yendawo, lizodala ukuchezuka phakathi kwendiza emshinini kanye nezidingo zokuklama.
Ukulungiswa okulula nokuthembekile kuhlobene nokusebenza kahle nokuphepha komshini. Indlela yokulungisa i-fixture kanye ne-workpiece kufanele ibe lula futhi isebenze kalula, ivumela ucezu lokusebenza ukuthi lufakwe ngokushesha kuthebula lokusebenza lesikhungo somshini futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ucezu lokusebenza ngeke lugudluke noma lukhululeke phakathi nenqubo yomshini. Isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa amandla afanele okubamba nokukhetha amaphuzu afanele okubamba, ukuwohloka kwendawo yokusebenza ngenxa yamandla okuqinisa okweqile kungagwenywa, futhi ukunyakaza kwendawo yokusebenza ngesikhathi somshini ngenxa yamandla okubamba anganele nakho kungavinjelwa.
Indawo enembile iwumbandela oyinhloko wokuqinisekisa ukunemba komshini. Indawo yedatha kufanele ibe nokunemba okwanele nokuzinza ukuze kunqunywe ngokunembile indawo yesiqeshana somsebenzi ohlelweni lokuxhumanisa lwesikhungo somshini. Isibonelo, uma ugaya indiza, uma kunephutha elikhulu lokucaba endaweni yedatha yendawo, lizodala ukuchezuka phakathi kwendiza emshinini kanye nezidingo zokuklama.
Ukulungiswa okulula nokuthembekile kuhlobene nokusebenza kahle nokuphepha komshini. Indlela yokulungisa i-fixture kanye ne-workpiece kufanele ibe lula futhi isebenze kalula, ivumela ucezu lokusebenza ukuthi lufakwe ngokushesha kuthebula lokusebenza lesikhungo somshini futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ucezu lokusebenza ngeke lugudluke noma lukhululeke phakathi nenqubo yomshini. Isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa amandla afanele okubamba nokukhetha amaphuzu afanele okubamba, ukuwohloka kwendawo yokusebenza ngenxa yamandla okuqinisa okweqile kungagwenywa, futhi ukunyakaza kwendawo yokusebenza ngesikhathi somshini ngenxa yamandla okubamba anganele nakho kungavinjelwa.
2. Simple Dimension Ukubala
Lapho kubalwa ubukhulu bezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomshini ngokusekelwe kudathamu ethile, inqubo yokubala kufanele yenziwe ibe lula ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kunganciphisa amaphutha okubala ngesikhathi sokuhlela nokwenza imishini, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwemishini. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa ingxenye enamasistimu emigodi eminingi, uma i-datum ekhethiwe ingenza ukubala kobukhulu bokudidiyela bembobo ngayinye kuqonde, inganciphisa izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ohlelweni lokulawula izinombolo futhi yehlise amathuba okuba amaphutha.
Lapho kubalwa ubukhulu bezingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomshini ngokusekelwe kudathamu ethile, inqubo yokubala kufanele yenziwe ibe lula ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kunganciphisa amaphutha okubala ngesikhathi sokuhlela nokwenza imishini, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwemishini. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa ingxenye enamasistimu emigodi eminingi, uma i-datum ekhethiwe ingenza ukubala kobukhulu bokudidiyela bembobo ngayinye kuqonde, inganciphisa izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ohlelweni lokulawula izinombolo futhi yehlise amathuba okuba amaphutha.
3. Ukuqinisekisa Ukunemba Kwemishini
Ukunemba komshini kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokulinganisa ikhwalithi yomshini, okuhlanganisa ukunemba kobukhulu, ukunemba komumo, nokunemba kwendawo. Ukukhethwa kwedatha kufanele kukwazi ukulawula ngempumelelo amaphutha omshini ukuze umsebenzi owenziwe ngomshini uhlangabezane nezidingo zomdwebo wokuklama. Isibonelo, lapho uphendula izingxenye ezifana ne-shaft, ukukhetha umugqa omaphakathi we-shaft njengoba idatha yendawo ingaqinisekisa kangcono ubugqila be-shaft kanye nokuhlangana phakathi kwezigaba ze-shaft ezihlukene.
Ukunemba komshini kuyinkomba ebalulekile yokulinganisa ikhwalithi yomshini, okuhlanganisa ukunemba kobukhulu, ukunemba komumo, nokunemba kwendawo. Ukukhethwa kwedatha kufanele kukwazi ukulawula ngempumelelo amaphutha omshini ukuze umsebenzi owenziwe ngomshini uhlangabezane nezidingo zomdwebo wokuklama. Isibonelo, lapho uphendula izingxenye ezifana ne-shaft, ukukhetha umugqa omaphakathi we-shaft njengoba idatha yendawo ingaqinisekisa kangcono ubugqila be-shaft kanye nokuhlangana phakathi kwezigaba ze-shaft ezihlukene.
(B) Izimiso Eziyisithupha Zokukhetha Idethi Yendawo
1. Zama Ukukhetha Idesign Data njengeDathamu Yendawo
Idatha yokuklama iyindawo yokuqala yokunquma obunye ubukhulu nomumo lapho uklama ingxenye. Ukukhetha idatha yokuklama njengedatha yendawo kungaqinisekisa ngokuqondile izimfuneko zokunemba kobukhulu bomklamo futhi kunciphise iphutha lokungaqondani kahle kwedatha. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa ingxenye emise okwebhokisi, uma i-datum yedizayini iyindawo engaphansi kanye nezindawo ezimbili eziseceleni zebhokisi, bese usebenzisa lezi zindawo njengoba i-datum yendawo ngesikhathi senqubo yomshini kungaqinisekisa kalula ukuthi ukunemba kwesikhundla phakathi kwezinhlelo zembobo ezisebhokisini kuyahambisana nezidingo zokuklama.
Idatha yokuklama iyindawo yokuqala yokunquma obunye ubukhulu nomumo lapho uklama ingxenye. Ukukhetha idatha yokuklama njengedatha yendawo kungaqinisekisa ngokuqondile izimfuneko zokunemba kobukhulu bomklamo futhi kunciphise iphutha lokungaqondani kahle kwedatha. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa ingxenye emise okwebhokisi, uma i-datum yedizayini iyindawo engaphansi kanye nezindawo ezimbili eziseceleni zebhokisi, bese usebenzisa lezi zindawo njengoba i-datum yendawo ngesikhathi senqubo yomshini kungaqinisekisa kalula ukuthi ukunemba kwesikhundla phakathi kwezinhlelo zembobo ezisebhokisini kuyahambisana nezidingo zokuklama.
2. Lapho Idethi Yendawo kanye Nedesign Data Ingakwazi Ukuhlanganiswa, Iphutha Lendawo Kufanele Lilawulwe Ngokuqinile Ukuqinisekisa Ukunemba Komshini
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukwamukela idatha yokuklama njengedatha yendawo ngenxa yesakhiwo socezu lokusebenza noma inqubo yomshini, njll., kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya ngokunembile futhi ulawule iphutha lendawo. Iphutha lendawo lihlanganisa iphutha lokungaqondani kahle i-datum kanye nephutha lokususwa kwedatha. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa ingxenye enomumo oyinkimbinkimbi, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uqale ngomshini indawo eyi-datum eyinsiza. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukulawula iphutha lendawo phakathi kwebanga elivumelekile ngokusebenzisa idizayini yokulungisa enengqondo nezindlela zendawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba komshini. Izindlela ezinjengokuthuthukisa ukunemba kwezinto zendawo kanye nokuthuthukisa isakhiwo sendawo zingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa iphutha lendawo.
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukwamukela idatha yokuklama njengedatha yendawo ngenxa yesakhiwo socezu lokusebenza noma inqubo yomshini, njll., kuyadingeka ukuhlaziya ngokunembile futhi ulawule iphutha lendawo. Iphutha lendawo lihlanganisa iphutha lokungaqondani kahle i-datum kanye nephutha lokususwa kwedatha. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa ingxenye enomumo oyinkimbinkimbi, kungase kudingeke ukuthi uqale ngomshini indawo eyi-datum eyinsiza. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuyadingeka ukulawula iphutha lendawo phakathi kwebanga elivumelekile ngokusebenzisa idizayini yokulungisa enengqondo nezindlela zendawo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba komshini. Izindlela ezinjengokuthuthukisa ukunemba kwezinto zendawo kanye nokuthuthukisa isakhiwo sendawo zingasetshenziswa ukunciphisa iphutha lendawo.
3. Lapho I-Workpiece Idinga Ukulungiswa Futhi Umshini Kaningi Okuphindwe Kabili, Idethi Ekhethiwe Kufanele Ikwazi Ukuqedela Umshini Wazo Zonke Izingxenye Zokunemba Ezibalulekile Ekulungiseni Okukodwa Nasendaweni.
Okwezingcezu zokusebenza ezidinga ukulungiswa izikhathi eziningi, uma i-datum yokulungiswa ngakunye ingahambisani, amaphutha anqwabelene azokwethulwa, okuthinta ukunemba kukonke kocezu lokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, i-datum efanelekile kufanele ikhethwe ukuze kuqedelwe ukwenziwa kwazo zonke izingxenye eziyinhloko zokunemba ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni eyodwa. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa ingxenye enezindawo eziningi eziseceleni kanye nezinhlelo zembobo, indiza enkulu nezimbobo ezimbili zingasetshenziswa njengedatha yokulungisa okukodwa ukuze kuqedelwe ukucutshungulwa kwezimbobo eziningi ezibalulekile nezindiza, bese kwenziwa imishini yezinye izingxenye zesibili, okunganciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukunemba okubangelwa ukulungiswa okuningi.
Okwezingcezu zokusebenza ezidinga ukulungiswa izikhathi eziningi, uma i-datum yokulungiswa ngakunye ingahambisani, amaphutha anqwabelene azokwethulwa, okuthinta ukunemba kukonke kocezu lokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, i-datum efanelekile kufanele ikhethwe ukuze kuqedelwe ukwenziwa kwazo zonke izingxenye eziyinhloko zokunemba ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni eyodwa. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa ingxenye enezindawo eziningi eziseceleni kanye nezinhlelo zembobo, indiza enkulu nezimbobo ezimbili zingasetshenziswa njengedatha yokulungisa okukodwa ukuze kuqedelwe ukucutshungulwa kwezimbobo eziningi ezibalulekile nezindiza, bese kwenziwa imishini yezinye izingxenye zesibili, okunganciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukunemba okubangelwa ukulungiswa okuningi.
4. Idethi Ekhethiwe Kufanele Iqinisekise Ukuqedwa Kokuqukethwe Kwemishini Okuningi Ngangokunokwenzeka
Lokhu kunganciphisa inani lokulungiswa futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwemishini. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa ingxenye yomzimba ejikelezayo, ukukhetha indawo yayo engaphandle yesilinda njengoba idatha yendawo ingaqedela imisebenzi yomshini ehlukahlukene njengokujika kwendilinga yangaphandle, ukukhanda intambo, nokugaya ukhiye endaweni eyodwa, ukugwema ukumosha isikhathi nokwehliswa kokunemba okubangelwa ukulungisa okuningi.
Lokhu kunganciphisa inani lokulungiswa futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwemishini. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa ingxenye yomzimba ejikelezayo, ukukhetha indawo yayo engaphandle yesilinda njengoba idatha yendawo ingaqedela imisebenzi yomshini ehlukahlukene njengokujika kwendilinga yangaphandle, ukukhanda intambo, nokugaya ukhiye endaweni eyodwa, ukugwema ukumosha isikhathi nokwehliswa kokunemba okubangelwa ukulungisa okuningi.
5. Lapho Umshini Ngamaqoqo, Idethi Yendawo Yengxenye Kufanele Ifanane Ngangokunokwenzeka Nedatha Yethuluzi Lokumisa Lokusungula Uhlelo Lokuxhumanisa I-Workpiece
Ekukhiqizeni inqwaba, ukusungulwa kohlelo lokudidiyela i-workpiece kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana kwemishini. Uma idatha yendawo ihambisana nedatha yokusetha ithuluzi, ukusebenza kwezinhlelo kanye nokusethwa kwamathuluzi kungenziwa lula, futhi amaphutha abangwe ukuguqulwa kwedatha angancishiswa. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa iqoqo lezingxenye ezifanayo ezifana nepuleti, ikhona elingezansi kwesokunxele lengxenye lingatholakala endaweni egxilile kuthebula lokusebenza lethuluzi lomshini, futhi leli phuzu lingasetshenziswa njengedatha yokusetha ithuluzi ukuze kusungulwe isistimu yokuxhumanisa ucezu lokusebenza. Ngale ndlela, lapho kwenziwa imishini ingxenye ngayinye, uhlelo olufanayo kuphela nemingcele yokumisa ithuluzi okudingeka ilandelwe, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokuzinza kokunemba komshini.
Ekukhiqizeni inqwaba, ukusungulwa kohlelo lokudidiyela i-workpiece kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana kwemishini. Uma idatha yendawo ihambisana nedatha yokusetha ithuluzi, ukusebenza kwezinhlelo kanye nokusethwa kwamathuluzi kungenziwa lula, futhi amaphutha abangwe ukuguqulwa kwedatha angancishiswa. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa iqoqo lezingxenye ezifanayo ezifana nepuleti, ikhona elingezansi kwesokunxele lengxenye lingatholakala endaweni egxilile kuthebula lokusebenza lethuluzi lomshini, futhi leli phuzu lingasetshenziswa njengedatha yokusetha ithuluzi ukuze kusungulwe isistimu yokuxhumanisa ucezu lokusebenza. Ngale ndlela, lapho kwenziwa imishini ingxenye ngayinye, uhlelo olufanayo kuphela nemingcele yokumisa ithuluzi okudingeka ilandelwe, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokuzinza kokunemba komshini.
6. Lapho Ukulungiswa Okuningi Kudingeka, I-Datum Kufanele Ihambisane Ngaphambi Nangemuva
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukumshini okulukhuni noma ukuqeda imishini, ukusebenzisa i-datum engaguquki phakathi nokulungiswa okuningi kungaqinisekisa ubudlelwano bokunemba kokuma phakathi kwezigaba ezahlukene zokumaka. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa ingxenye enkulu yesikhunta, kusukela ekushicileleni okungalungile kuya ekuqedeni ukukhanda, kusetshenziswa njalo indawo yokuhlukanisa kanye nezimbobo zokubeka isikhunta njengoba i-datum ingenza izibonelelo phakathi komfaniswano wokusebenza kwemishini ehlukene, ukugwema ithonya ekunembeni kanye nekhwalithi yobuso besikhunta okubangelwa izibonelelo ezingalingani zomshini ngenxa yezinguquko ze-datum.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukumshini okulukhuni noma ukuqeda imishini, ukusebenzisa i-datum engaguquki phakathi nokulungiswa okuningi kungaqinisekisa ubudlelwano bokunemba kokuma phakathi kwezigaba ezahlukene zokumaka. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa ingxenye enkulu yesikhunta, kusukela ekushicileleni okungalungile kuya ekuqedeni ukukhanda, kusetshenziswa njalo indawo yokuhlukanisa kanye nezimbobo zokubeka isikhunta njengoba i-datum ingenza izibonelelo phakathi komfaniswano wokusebenza kwemishini ehlukene, ukugwema ithonya ekunembeni kanye nekhwalithi yobuso besikhunta okubangelwa izibonelelo ezingalingani zomshini ngenxa yezinguquko ze-datum.
III. Ukunqunywa Kwezinto Ezilungiswayo Ezikhungweni Zomshini
(A) Izidingo Eziyisisekelo Zokulungiswa
1. I-Clamping Mechanism Akumele Ithinte Okuphakelayo, Futhi Indawo Yomshini Kufanele Ivulwe.
Lapho uklama indlela yokubopha yento ethile, kufanele igweme ukuphazamisa indlela yokuphakelayo yethuluzi lokusika. Isibonelo, uma ugaywa ngesikhungo somshini esime mpo, ama-clamping bolt, amapuleti okucindezela, njll. we-fixture akufanele avimbe ithrekhi yokunyakaza yesisiki sokugaya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo yomshini kufanele ivuleke ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ithuluzi lokusika likwazi ukusondela ngokushelela ku-workpiece yokusika imisebenzi. Kwamanye ama-workpieces anezakhiwo zangaphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengezingxenye ezinemigodi ejulile noma izimbobo ezincane, ukuklanywa kwesakhiwo kufanele kuqinisekise ukuthi ithuluzi lokusika lingafinyelela endaweni yomshini, ukugwema isimo lapho umshini awukwazi ukwenziwa ngenxa yokuvimbela ukulungiswa.
Lapho uklama indlela yokubopha yento ethile, kufanele igweme ukuphazamisa indlela yokuphakelayo yethuluzi lokusika. Isibonelo, uma ugaywa ngesikhungo somshini esime mpo, ama-clamping bolt, amapuleti okucindezela, njll. we-fixture akufanele avimbe ithrekhi yokunyakaza yesisiki sokugaya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, indawo yomshini kufanele ivuleke ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ithuluzi lokusika likwazi ukusondela ngokushelela ku-workpiece yokusika imisebenzi. Kwamanye ama-workpieces anezakhiwo zangaphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengezingxenye ezinemigodi ejulile noma izimbobo ezincane, ukuklanywa kwesakhiwo kufanele kuqinisekise ukuthi ithuluzi lokusika lingafinyelela endaweni yomshini, ukugwema isimo lapho umshini awukwazi ukwenziwa ngenxa yokuvimbela ukulungiswa.
2. I-Fixture Kufanele Ikwazi Ukuzuza Ukufakwa Okuqondiswe Ethuluzini Lomshini
I-fixture kufanele ikwazi ukubeka kahle futhi ifake kuthebula lokusebenza lesikhungo somshini ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo efanele ye-workpiece uma kuqhathaniswa nezimbazo zokuxhumanisa zethuluzi lomshini. Ngokuvamile, okhiye bendawo, izikhonkwane zendawo nezinye izici zendawo zisetshenziselwa ukusebenzisana nemigodi emise okuka-T noma izimbobo zendawo kuthebula lokusebenza lethuluzi lomshini ukuze kufezwe ukufakwa okuqondile kwesakhiwo. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa izingxenye ezimise okwebhokisi ezinesikhungo sokukhanda esivundlile, ukhiye wendawo ongezansi kwendawo usetshenziselwa ukusebenzisana nemigodi emise okwe-T kuthebula lokusebenza lethuluzi lomshini ukuze kutholwe indawo yokumisa endaweni ye-X-axis, bese kusetshenziswa ezinye izici zendawo ukunquma izikhundla ku-Y-eksisi kanye ne-Z-axis lapho umshini wokufaka ukhomba khona, lapho ukufakwa khona ucezu olufanele. ithuluzi.
I-fixture kufanele ikwazi ukubeka kahle futhi ifake kuthebula lokusebenza lesikhungo somshini ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo efanele ye-workpiece uma kuqhathaniswa nezimbazo zokuxhumanisa zethuluzi lomshini. Ngokuvamile, okhiye bendawo, izikhonkwane zendawo nezinye izici zendawo zisetshenziselwa ukusebenzisana nemigodi emise okuka-T noma izimbobo zendawo kuthebula lokusebenza lethuluzi lomshini ukuze kufezwe ukufakwa okuqondile kwesakhiwo. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa izingxenye ezimise okwebhokisi ezinesikhungo sokukhanda esivundlile, ukhiye wendawo ongezansi kwendawo usetshenziselwa ukusebenzisana nemigodi emise okwe-T kuthebula lokusebenza lethuluzi lomshini ukuze kutholwe indawo yokumisa endaweni ye-X-axis, bese kusetshenziswa ezinye izici zendawo ukunquma izikhundla ku-Y-eksisi kanye ne-Z-axis lapho umshini wokufaka ukhomba khona, lapho ukufakwa khona ucezu olufanele. ithuluzi.
3. Ukuqina Nokuzinza Kwe-Fixture Kufanele Kube Kuhle
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini, ukulungiswa kufanele kube nezenzo zamandla okusika, amandla okubamba kanye namanye amandla. Uma ukuqina kwe-fixture kunganele, kuzokonakala ngaphansi kwesenzo salawa mandla, okuholela ekwehleni kokunemba komshini we-workpiece. Isibonelo, lapho wenza imisebenzi yokugaya ngesivinini esikhulu, amandla okusika makhulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Uma ukuqina kwesakhiwo kunganele, ucezu lokusebenza luzodlidliza phakathi nenqubo yokukhanda, kuthinte ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokunemba kobukhulu bomshini. Ngakho-ke, i-fixture kufanele yenziwe ngezinto ezinamandla anele nokuqina, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kufanele kuklanywe ngokunengqondo, njengokwengeza izinto eziqinisayo kanye nokwamukela izakhiwo eziwugqinsi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina nokuzinza kwayo.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini, ukulungiswa kufanele kube nezenzo zamandla okusika, amandla okubamba kanye namanye amandla. Uma ukuqina kwe-fixture kunganele, kuzokonakala ngaphansi kwesenzo salawa mandla, okuholela ekwehleni kokunemba komshini we-workpiece. Isibonelo, lapho wenza imisebenzi yokugaya ngesivinini esikhulu, amandla okusika makhulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Uma ukuqina kwesakhiwo kunganele, ucezu lokusebenza luzodlidliza phakathi nenqubo yokukhanda, kuthinte ikhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokunemba kobukhulu bomshini. Ngakho-ke, i-fixture kufanele yenziwe ngezinto ezinamandla anele nokuqina, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kufanele kuklanywe ngokunengqondo, njengokwengeza izinto eziqinisayo kanye nokwamukela izakhiwo eziwugqinsi, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina nokuzinza kwayo.
(B) Izinhlobo Ezivamile Zokulungisa
1. Ukulungiswa Okujwayelekile
Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile zinokusebenza okubanzi, okufana nemikhuba emibi, ukuhlukanisa amakhanda, nama-chucks. Ama-Vice angasetshenziswa ukubamba izingxenye ezincane ezihlukahlukene ezinobunjwa obuvamile, njengama-cuboid namasilinda, futhi ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukugaya, ukubhoboza neminye imisebenzi yomshini. Ukuhlukanisa amakhanda kungasetshenziswa ukwenza inkomba machining on workpieces. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa izingxenye ezinezici ezilinganayo, inhloko ehlukanisayo ingakwazi ukulawula ngokunembile i-engeli yokuzungezisa yesiqeshana somsebenzi ukuze kuzuzwe ukwenziwa kwemishini yeziteshi eziningi. Ama-Chuck asetshenziswa kakhulu ukubamba izingxenye zomzimba ezijikelezayo. Isibonelo, ekusebenzeni okuphendukayo, ama-chuck anemihlathi emithathu angakwazi ukubopha ngokushesha izingxenye ezifana ne-shaft futhi angabeka phakathi ngokuzenzakalela, okulungele ukukhanda.
Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile zinokusebenza okubanzi, okufana nemikhuba emibi, ukuhlukanisa amakhanda, nama-chucks. Ama-Vice angasetshenziswa ukubamba izingxenye ezincane ezihlukahlukene ezinobunjwa obuvamile, njengama-cuboid namasilinda, futhi ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukugaya, ukubhoboza neminye imisebenzi yomshini. Ukuhlukanisa amakhanda kungasetshenziswa ukwenza inkomba machining on workpieces. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa izingxenye ezinezici ezilinganayo, inhloko ehlukanisayo ingakwazi ukulawula ngokunembile i-engeli yokuzungezisa yesiqeshana somsebenzi ukuze kuzuzwe ukwenziwa kwemishini yeziteshi eziningi. Ama-Chuck asetshenziswa kakhulu ukubamba izingxenye zomzimba ezijikelezayo. Isibonelo, ekusebenzeni okuphendukayo, ama-chuck anemihlathi emithathu angakwazi ukubopha ngokushesha izingxenye ezifana ne-shaft futhi angabeka phakathi ngokuzenzakalela, okulungele ukukhanda.
2. Ukulungiswa kwe-Modular
Ama-modular fixtures akhiwe isethi yezinto ezijwayelekile ezimisiwe nezijwayelekile. Lezi zakhi zingahlanganiswa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokuya ngobumo obuhlukene bocezu lokusebenza kanye nezidingo zemishini ukuze kwakhiwe ngokushesha into elungele umsebenzi othile womshini. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa ingxenye enomumo ongajwayelekile, amapuleti ayisisekelo afanelekile, amalungu asekelayo, amalungu endawo, amalungu abambayo, njll. angakhethwa kumtapo wezincwadi wesici se-modular futhi ahlanganiswe abe yisakhiwo ngokuya ngesakhiwo esithile. Izinzuzo zokulungiswa kwe-modular ukuguquguquka okuphezulu nokusebenziseka kabusha, okunganciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza nomjikelezo wokukhiqiza wezinto ezilungiswayo, futhi kulungele ngokukhethekile ukuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo emisha kanye nokukhiqizwa kwenqwaba encane.
Ama-modular fixtures akhiwe isethi yezinto ezijwayelekile ezimisiwe nezijwayelekile. Lezi zakhi zingahlanganiswa ngokuguquguqukayo ngokuya ngobumo obuhlukene bocezu lokusebenza kanye nezidingo zemishini ukuze kwakhiwe ngokushesha into elungele umsebenzi othile womshini. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa ingxenye enomumo ongajwayelekile, amapuleti ayisisekelo afanelekile, amalungu asekelayo, amalungu endawo, amalungu abambayo, njll. angakhethwa kumtapo wezincwadi wesici se-modular futhi ahlanganiswe abe yisakhiwo ngokuya ngesakhiwo esithile. Izinzuzo zokulungiswa kwe-modular ukuguquguquka okuphezulu nokusebenziseka kabusha, okunganciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza nomjikelezo wokukhiqiza wezinto ezilungiswayo, futhi kulungele ngokukhethekile ukuhlolwa kwemikhiqizo emisha kanye nokukhiqizwa kwenqwaba encane.
3. Ukulungiswa Okukhethekile
Izinto ezikhethekile zenzelwe futhi zenzelwe umsebenzi owodwa noma eminingana efanayo. Zingenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokusho komumo othize, usayizi kanye nezidingo zenqubo yomshini we-workpiece ukuze kwandiswe isiqinisekiso sokunemba kwemishini nokusebenza kahle. Isibonelo, ekusetshenzisweni kwamabhulokhi enjini yezimoto, ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu kwamabhulokhi, ukulungiswa okukhethekile kuvame ukuklanywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwemishini yezimbobo ezahlukahlukene zamasilinda, izindiza nezinye izingxenye. Ububi bezinto ezikhethekile yizindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza kanye nomjikelezo omude wokuklama, futhi ngokuvamile zilungele ukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba enkulu.
Izinto ezikhethekile zenzelwe futhi zenzelwe umsebenzi owodwa noma eminingana efanayo. Zingenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokusho komumo othize, usayizi kanye nezidingo zenqubo yomshini we-workpiece ukuze kwandiswe isiqinisekiso sokunemba kwemishini nokusebenza kahle. Isibonelo, ekusetshenzisweni kwamabhulokhi enjini yezimoto, ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu kwamabhulokhi, ukulungiswa okukhethekile kuvame ukuklanywa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwemishini yezimbobo ezahlukahlukene zamasilinda, izindiza nezinye izingxenye. Ububi bezinto ezikhethekile yizindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza kanye nomjikelezo omude wokuklama, futhi ngokuvamile zilungele ukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba enkulu.
4. Ukulungiswa Okulungisekayo
Izakhiwo ezilungisekayo ziyinhlanganisela ye-modular fixtures kanye nezinto ezikhethekile. Abagcini nje ngokuba nokuguquguquka kwe-modular fixtures kodwa futhi bangaqinisekisa ukunemba komshini ngokwezinga elithile. Izinto ezilungisekayo zingajwayela ukwenziwa kwezinto ezinosayizi ohlukile noma ezinomumo ofanayo ngokulungisa ukuma kwezinye izici noma ngokushintsha izingxenye ezithile. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa uchungechunge lwezingxenye ezifana ne-shaft ezinobubanzi obuhlukene, isilungiselelo esilungisekayo singasetshenziswa. Ngokulungisa indawo kanye nosayizi wedivayisi yokubopha, amashafu anobubanzi obuhlukile angabanjwa, kuthuthukiswe izinga lokusebenzisa indawo yonke kanye nokusetshenziswa.
Izakhiwo ezilungisekayo ziyinhlanganisela ye-modular fixtures kanye nezinto ezikhethekile. Abagcini nje ngokuba nokuguquguquka kwe-modular fixtures kodwa futhi bangaqinisekisa ukunemba komshini ngokwezinga elithile. Izinto ezilungisekayo zingajwayela ukwenziwa kwezinto ezinosayizi ohlukile noma ezinomumo ofanayo ngokulungisa ukuma kwezinye izici noma ngokushintsha izingxenye ezithile. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa uchungechunge lwezingxenye ezifana ne-shaft ezinobubanzi obuhlukene, isilungiselelo esilungisekayo singasetshenziswa. Ngokulungisa indawo kanye nosayizi wedivayisi yokubopha, amashafu anobubanzi obuhlukile angabanjwa, kuthuthukiswe izinga lokusebenzisa indawo yonke kanye nokusetshenziswa.
5. Ukulungiswa kweziteshi eziningi
Izakhiwo zeziteshi eziningi zingabamba ngesikhathi esisodwa izingcezu zokusebenza eziningi zomshini. Lolu hlobo lokulungisa lungaqedela imisebenzi efanayo noma ehlukene yomshini kuma-workpiece amaningi emjikelezweni owodwa wokulungisa nowokwenza imishini, ithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwemishini. Isibonelo, uma wenza umsebenzi wokumba nokuthepha wezingxenye ezincane, isisetshenziswa seziteshi eziningi singabamba ngesikhathi esisodwa izingxenye eziningi. Emjikelezweni owodwa wokusebenza, imisebenzi yokumba kanye nokuthinta ingxenye ngayinye iqedwa ngokulandelana, kunciphisa isikhathi sokungenzi lutho sethuluzi lomshini nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Izakhiwo zeziteshi eziningi zingabamba ngesikhathi esisodwa izingcezu zokusebenza eziningi zomshini. Lolu hlobo lokulungisa lungaqedela imisebenzi efanayo noma ehlukene yomshini kuma-workpiece amaningi emjikelezweni owodwa wokulungisa nowokwenza imishini, ithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwemishini. Isibonelo, uma wenza umsebenzi wokumba nokuthepha wezingxenye ezincane, isisetshenziswa seziteshi eziningi singabamba ngesikhathi esisodwa izingxenye eziningi. Emjikelezweni owodwa wokusebenza, imisebenzi yokumba kanye nokuthinta ingxenye ngayinye iqedwa ngokulandelana, kunciphisa isikhathi sokungenzi lutho sethuluzi lomshini nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
6. Ukulungiswa Kweqembu
Ukulungiswa kweqembu kusetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukubamba ama-workpiece anomumo ofanayo, amasayizi afanayo nendawo efanayo noma efanayo, izindlela zokubopha kanye nezindlela zomshini. Zisekelwe esimisweni sobuchwepheshe beqembu, ukuqoqa ama-workpieces anezici ezifanayo eqenjini elilodwa, ukuklama ukwakheka kwesakhiwo esivamile, nokujwayela umshini wezingxenye zokusebenza ezihlukene eqenjini ngokulungisa noma ukufaka esikhundleni sezinto ezithile. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa uchungechunge lwezikhala zamagiya anezicaciso ezihlukene, ukulungiswa kweqembu kungalungisa indawo kanye nezinto zokubopha ngokuya ngezinguquko endaweni, ububanzi obungaphandle, njll. kwezikhala zegiya ukuze kufinyelelwe ukubamba kanye nomshini wezikhala ezihlukene zamagiya, kuthuthukiswe ukuguquguquka nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwesilungiselelo.
Ukulungiswa kweqembu kusetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukubamba ama-workpiece anomumo ofanayo, amasayizi afanayo nendawo efanayo noma efanayo, izindlela zokubopha kanye nezindlela zomshini. Zisekelwe esimisweni sobuchwepheshe beqembu, ukuqoqa ama-workpieces anezici ezifanayo eqenjini elilodwa, ukuklama ukwakheka kwesakhiwo esivamile, nokujwayela umshini wezingxenye zokusebenza ezihlukene eqenjini ngokulungisa noma ukufaka esikhundleni sezinto ezithile. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa uchungechunge lwezikhala zamagiya anezicaciso ezihlukene, ukulungiswa kweqembu kungalungisa indawo kanye nezinto zokubopha ngokuya ngezinguquko endaweni, ububanzi obungaphandle, njll. kwezikhala zegiya ukuze kufinyelelwe ukubamba kanye nomshini wezikhala ezihlukene zamagiya, kuthuthukiswe ukuguquguquka nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwesilungiselelo.
(C) Izimiso Zokukhetha Zokulungiswa Ezikhungweni Zomshini
1. Ngaphansi Kwesisekelo Sokuqinisekisa Ukunemba Komshini kanye Nempumelelo Yokukhiqiza, Ukulungiswa Okujwayelekile Kufanele Kukhethwe
Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile kufanele zincanywe ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwazo okubanzi kanye nezindleko eziphansi lapho ukunemba komshini nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kungenelisa. Isibonelo, kweminye imisebenzi elula ye-single-piece noma i-batch machining encane, ukusebenzisa izinto ezijwayelekile ezinjengama-vices kungaqeda ngokushesha ukulungisa kanye nomshini womsebenzi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuklama nokwenza izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile kufanele zincanywe ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwazo okubanzi kanye nezindleko eziphansi lapho ukunemba komshini nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kungenelisa. Isibonelo, kweminye imisebenzi elula ye-single-piece noma i-batch machining encane, ukusebenzisa izinto ezijwayelekile ezinjengama-vices kungaqeda ngokushesha ukulungisa kanye nomshini womsebenzi ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuklama nokwenza izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi.
2. Uma Umshini Ngamaqoqo, Ukulungiswa Okukhethekile Okulula Kungacatshangelwa
Lapho kwenziwa ama-batches, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwemishini futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana kokunemba komshini, ukulungiswa okulula okukhethekile kungacatshangelwa. Nakuba lezi zakhiwo zikhethekile, izakhiwo zazo zilula futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza ngeke zibe phezulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa ingxenye emise okweziqephu ethile kumaqoqo, ipuleti lokumisa elikhethekile kanye nedivayisi yokuhlanganisa ingaklanywa ukuthi ibambe ngokushesha ucezu lokusebenza, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokuqinisekisa ukunemba komshini.
Lapho kwenziwa ama-batches, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwemishini futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana kokunemba komshini, ukulungiswa okulula okukhethekile kungacatshangelwa. Nakuba lezi zakhiwo zikhethekile, izakhiwo zazo zilula futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza ngeke zibe phezulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa ingxenye emise okweziqephu ethile kumaqoqo, ipuleti lokumisa elikhethekile kanye nedivayisi yokuhlanganisa ingaklanywa ukuthi ibambe ngokushesha ucezu lokusebenza, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokuqinisekisa ukunemba komshini.
3. Lapho Umshini Ngamaqoqo Amakhulu, Ukulungiswa Kweziteshi Eziningi kanye Nokusebenza Kakhulu Kwe-Pneumatic, Hydraulic kanye Okunye Okukhethekile Kungacatshangelwa.
Ekukhiqizweni kwenqwaba enkulu, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuyisici esibalulekile. Imishini yeziteshi eziningi ingasebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa izingcezu zokusebenza eziningi, ithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. I-pneumatic, hydraulic kanye nezinye izinto ezikhethekile zinganikeza amandla okubamba azinzile futhi amakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, aqinisekise ukuzinza kwe-workpiece phakathi nenqubo yomshini, kanye nezenzo zokuphoqa nokukhulula ziyashesha, zithuthukisa ngokwengeziwe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, emigqeni yokukhiqiza inqwaba yezingxenye zemoto, ukulungiswa kweziteshi eziningi kanye ne-hydraulic fixtures kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomshini.
Ekukhiqizweni kwenqwaba enkulu, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuyisici esibalulekile. Imishini yeziteshi eziningi ingasebenza ngesikhathi esisodwa izingcezu zokusebenza eziningi, ithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. I-pneumatic, hydraulic kanye nezinye izinto ezikhethekile zinganikeza amandla okubamba azinzile futhi amakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, aqinisekise ukuzinza kwe-workpiece phakathi nenqubo yomshini, kanye nezenzo zokuphoqa nokukhulula ziyashesha, zithuthukisa ngokwengeziwe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, emigqeni yokukhiqiza inqwaba yezingxenye zemoto, ukulungiswa kweziteshi eziningi kanye ne-hydraulic fixtures kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomshini.
4. Lapho Ukwamukela Ubuchwepheshe Beqembu, Ukulungiswa Kweqembu Kufanele Kusetshenziswe
Lapho kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe beqembu emishinini yokusebenza enomumo nosayizi ofanayo, ukulungiswa kweqembu kungasebenzisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo zako, kunciphise izinhlobo zokulungisa kanye nomklamo nomthwalo wokukhiqiza. Ngokulungisa ngokunengqondo izinhlelo zeqembu, zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zomshini zezingxenye zokusebenza ezihlukene, zithuthukise ukuguquguquka nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, ezinkampanini ezikhiqiza imishini, lapho kwenziwa uhlobo olufanayo kodwa izingxenye ezicaciswe ngokuhlukile ezifana ne-shaft, ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa kweqembu kunganciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi kuthuthukise ukunethezeka kokuphathwa kokukhiqiza.
Lapho kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe beqembu emishinini yokusebenza enomumo nosayizi ofanayo, ukulungiswa kweqembu kungasebenzisa ngokugcwele izinzuzo zako, kunciphise izinhlobo zokulungisa kanye nomklamo nomthwalo wokukhiqiza. Ngokulungisa ngokunengqondo izinhlelo zeqembu, zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zomshini zezingxenye zokusebenza ezihlukene, zithuthukise ukuguquguquka nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, ezinkampanini ezikhiqiza imishini, lapho kwenziwa uhlobo olufanayo kodwa izingxenye ezicaciswe ngokuhlukile ezifana ne-shaft, ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa kweqembu kunganciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza futhi kuthuthukise ukunethezeka kokuphathwa kokukhiqiza.
(D) Indawo Ekahle Yokulungisa Yomsebenzi Kuthebula Lokusebenza Lomshini
Indawo yokulungisa i-workpiece kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi ingaphakathi kwebanga lokuhamba lomshini we-eksisi ngayinye yethuluzi lomshini, kugwenywe isimo lapho ithuluzi lokusika lingakwazi ukufinyelela endaweni yomshini noma lishayisane nezingxenye zethuluzi lomshini ngenxa yokuma okungalungile kokulungisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubude bethuluzi lokusika kufanele bube bufushane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwemishini yethuluzi lokusika. Isibonelo, uma kwenziwa ingxenye enkulu efana nepuleti eliyisicaba, uma ucezu lokusebenza lulungiswe emaphethelweni ethebula lokusebenza lethuluzi lomshini, ithuluzi lokusika lingase linwebe isikhathi eside uma kwenziwa izingxenye ezithile, lehlise ukuqina kwethuluzi lokusika, libangele kalula ukudlidliza nokuguqulwa, futhi lithinte ukunemba komshini kanye nekhwalithi yendawo. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho komumo, ubukhulu kanye nezidingo zenqubo yomshini we-workpiece, indawo yokulungisa kufanele ikhethwe ngokunengqondo ukuze ithuluzi lokusika libe sesimweni esihle kakhulu sokusebenza ngesikhathi senqubo yomshini, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemishini nokusebenza kahle.
Indawo yokulungisa i-workpiece kufanele iqinisekise ukuthi ingaphakathi kwebanga lokuhamba lomshini we-eksisi ngayinye yethuluzi lomshini, kugwenywe isimo lapho ithuluzi lokusika lingakwazi ukufinyelela endaweni yomshini noma lishayisane nezingxenye zethuluzi lomshini ngenxa yokuma okungalungile kokulungisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubude bethuluzi lokusika kufanele bube bufushane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwemishini yethuluzi lokusika. Isibonelo, uma kwenziwa ingxenye enkulu efana nepuleti eliyisicaba, uma ucezu lokusebenza lulungiswe emaphethelweni ethebula lokusebenza lethuluzi lomshini, ithuluzi lokusika lingase linwebe isikhathi eside uma kwenziwa izingxenye ezithile, lehlise ukuqina kwethuluzi lokusika, libangele kalula ukudlidliza nokuguqulwa, futhi lithinte ukunemba komshini kanye nekhwalithi yendawo. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho komumo, ubukhulu kanye nezidingo zenqubo yomshini we-workpiece, indawo yokulungisa kufanele ikhethwe ngokunengqondo ukuze ithuluzi lokusika libe sesimweni esihle kakhulu sokusebenza ngesikhathi senqubo yomshini, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yemishini nokusebenza kahle.
IV. Isiphetho
Ukukhethwa okuphusile kwedatha yendawo yokwenza imishini kanye nokunqunywa okufanele kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezikhungweni zomshini kuyizixhumanisi ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukunemba komshini kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Enqubweni yangempela yokwenza imishini, kuyadingeka ukuqonda kahle futhi ulandele izidingo nemigomo yedatha yendawo, ukhethe izinhlobo ezifanele zokulungisa ngokuya ngezimpawu kanye nezidingo zomshini wocwecwe lokusebenza, futhi unqume uhlelo olufanele lokulungisa ngokuya ngezimiso zokukhetha zokulungisa. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele kuqashelwe ekuthuthukiseni indawo yokulungisa i-workpiece emshinini wokusebenza ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele izinzuzo zokunemba okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwesikhungo somshini, ukuzuza ukukhiqizwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, okungabizi kakhulu nokuguquguqukayo okuphezulu ekukhiqizeni imishini, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhulayo ezihlukahlukene zemboni yokukhiqiza yesimanje, kanye nokukhuthaza intuthuko eqhubekayo yobuchwepheshe bemishini.
Ukukhethwa okuphusile kwedatha yendawo yokwenza imishini kanye nokunqunywa okufanele kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezikhungweni zomshini kuyizixhumanisi ezibalulekile zokuqinisekisa ukunemba komshini kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Enqubweni yangempela yokwenza imishini, kuyadingeka ukuqonda kahle futhi ulandele izidingo nemigomo yedatha yendawo, ukhethe izinhlobo ezifanele zokulungisa ngokuya ngezimpawu kanye nezidingo zomshini wocwecwe lokusebenza, futhi unqume uhlelo olufanele lokulungisa ngokuya ngezimiso zokukhetha zokulungisa. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufanele kuqashelwe ekuthuthukiseni indawo yokulungisa i-workpiece emshinini wokusebenza ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele izinzuzo zokunemba okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwesikhungo somshini, ukuzuza ukukhiqizwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu, okungabizi kakhulu nokuguquguqukayo okuphezulu ekukhiqizeni imishini, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhulayo ezihlukahlukene zemboni yokukhiqiza yesimanje, kanye nokukhuthaza intuthuko eqhubekayo yobuchwepheshe bemishini.
Ngocwaningo olubanzi kanye nokusetshenziswa okuthuthukisiwe kwedatha yendawo yokwenza imishini kanye nezakhiwo ezikhungweni zemishini, ukuncintisana kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza ngomshini kungathuthukiswa ngempumelelo. Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kungathuthukiswa, izindleko zokukhiqiza zingancishiswa, futhi izinzuzo ezinkulu zezomnotho nezenhlalo zingadalelwa amabhizinisi. Emkhakheni wesikhathi esizayo wokwenza imishini, ngokuvela okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe obusha nezinto ezintsha, i-datum yendawo yokwenza imishini kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezikhungweni zomshini nazo zizoqhubeka nokusungula futhi zithuthuke ukuze zivumelane nezidingo zemishini eyinkimbinkimbi futhi enembe kakhulu.