"Umhlahlandlela Wokufaka Wamathuluzi Omshini we-CNC"
Njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile sokukhiqiza izesekeli zehardware ezinembayo, ukuqondana kokufakwa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okulandelayo kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ukufakwa kahle kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC akukwazi kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwemishini kodwa futhi kunwebise impilo yayo yesevisi futhi kudale inani elikhulu lamabhizinisi. Okulandelayo kuzokwethula ngokuningiliziwe izimo zendawo yokufaka, izinyathelo zokuphepha, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha zokusebenza kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC.
I. Izimo zemvelo zokufakwa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC
- Izindawo ezingenawo amadivayisi akhiqiza ukushisa okuphezulu
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC kufanele agcinwe kude namadivayisi akhiqiza ukushisa okuphezulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amadivayisi akhiqiza ukushisa okuphezulu azokhiqiza inani elikhulu lokushisa futhi akhuphule izinga lokushisa le-ambient. Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC azwela kakhulu izinga lokushisa. Izinga lokushisa elidlulele lizothinta ukunemba nokuzinza kwethuluzi lomshini. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lingabangela ukwanda okushisayo kwezingxenye zamathuluzi omshini, ngaleyo ndlela kuguqule ukunemba kobukhulu besakhiwo somshini futhi kuthinte ukunemba kokucubungula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lingalimaza nezinto ze-elekthronikhi futhi linciphise ukusebenza kwazo nempilo yesevisi. Isibonelo, ama-chips ohlelweni lokulawula ugesi angase angasebenzi kahle emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi athinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwethuluzi lomshini. - Izindawo ezingenalo uthuli oluntantayo nezinhlayiya zensimbi
Uthuli oluntantayo nezinhlayiya zensimbi ziyizitha zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC. Lezi zinhlayiya ezincane zingase zingene ngaphakathi kwethuluzi lomshini, njengezinsimbi zomhlahlandlela, izikulufu zomthofu, amabheringi nezinye izingxenye, futhi zithinte ukunemba kokunyakaza kwezingxenye eziwumshini. Uthuli nezinhlayiya zensimbi zizokhuphula ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezingxenye, okuholela ekugugekeni okubi kakhulu futhi kunciphise impilo yesevisi yethuluzi lomshini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zingase futhi zivimbele amaphaseji kawoyela negesi futhi zithinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwezinhlelo zokugcoba nokupholisa. Kuhlelo lokulawula i-elekthronikhi, uthuli nezinhlayiya zensimbi zinganamathela ebhodini lesifunda futhi zibangele izifunda ezimfushane noma amanye amaphutha kagesi. - Izindawo ezingenawo amagesi nezinto eziwuketshezi ezibolayo nezivuthayo
Amagesi abolayo futhi avuthayo kanye noketshezi kuyingozi kakhulu kumathuluzi omshini we-CNC. Amagesi agqwalayo kanye noketshezi kungase kusebenze ngamakhemikhali nezingxenye zensimbi zethuluzi lomshini, okuholela ekugqwaleni nokulimala kwezingxenye. Isibonelo, amagesi ane-asidi angagqwala i-casing, ama-rails aqondisayo nezinye izingxenye zethuluzi lomshini futhi anciphise amandla esakhiwo sethuluzi lomshini. Amagesi avuthayo noketshezi kubangela ingozi enkulu yokuphepha. Uma ukuvuza sekuvela futhi kuthintana ne-火源, kungase kubangele umlilo noma ukuqhuma futhi kubangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kubasebenzi namathuluzi. - Izindawo ezingenawo amaconsi amanzi, umusi, uthuli nothuli olunamafutha
Amaconsi amanzi kanye nesitimu kubangela usongo olukhulu ohlelweni lukagesi lwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC. Amanzi umqhubi omuhle. Uma ingena ngaphakathi kwempahla kagesi, ingase ibangele amasekhethi amafushane, ukuvuza namanye amaphutha futhi kulimaze izakhi zikagesi. Umusi ungase futhi ujiye ube amaconsi amanzi phezu kwezinto zikagesi bese udala inkinga efanayo. Uthuli nothuli olunamafutha kuzothinta ukunemba nempilo yesevisi yethuluzi lomshini. Bangase banamathele ebusweni bezingxenye zemishini, bakhulise ukumelana nokungqubuzana futhi bathinte ukunemba kokunyakaza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uthuli olunamafutha lungase lungcolise uwoyela wokugcoba futhi lunciphise umphumela wokugcoba. - Izindawo ezingenakho ukuphazamiseka komsindo we-electromagnetic
Uhlelo lokulawula lwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC luzwela kakhulu ekuphazamiseni kazibuthe kagesi. Ukuphazamiseka komsindo we-electromagnetic kungase kuvele ezintweni zikagesi eziseduze, ama-radio transmitters neminye imithombo. Lolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka luzothinta ukudluliswa kwesignali yesistimu yokulawula, okuholela ekwehleni kokucubungula ukunemba noma ukungasebenzi kahle. Isibonelo, ukuphazamiseka kazibuthe kungabangela amaphutha emiyalweni yohlelo lokulawula izinombolo futhi kubangele ithuluzi lomshini ukucubungula izingxenye ezingalungile. Ngakho-ke, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC kufanele afakwe ezindaweni ezingenasiphazamiso somsindo we-electromagnetic noma izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuvikela ugesi kufanele zithathwe. - Izindawo eziqinile nezingadlidlizi
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC adinga ukufakwa endaweni eqinile ukuze kuncishiswe ukudlidliza. Ukudlidliza kuzoba nomthelela omubi ekucubunguleni okunembayo kwethuluzi lomshini, kukhuphule ukuguga kwamathuluzi futhi kunciphise ikhwalithi yendawo esebenza ngomshini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukudlidliza kungase futhi kulimaze izingxenye zethuluzi lomshini, njengezinsimbi eziqondisayo nezikulufu zokuhola. Umhlabathi oqinile unganikeza ukusekela okuzinzile futhi unciphise ukudlidliza kwethuluzi lomshini ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ukwengeza, izinyathelo zokumunca ukushaqeka njengokufaka amaphedi okumunca ukushaqeka zingathathwa ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokunciphisa umthelela wokudlidliza. - Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo le-ambient ngu-0°C – 55°C. Uma izinga lokushisa le-ambient lingaphezu kuka-45°C, sicela ubeke umshayeli endaweni enomoya omuhle noma egumbini eline-conditioner.
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC anezidingo ezithile zokushisa kwe-ambient. Ukushisa okuphansi kakhulu noma okuphezulu kakhulu kuzothinta ukusebenza nempilo yesevisi yethuluzi lomshini. Endaweni enezinga lokushisa eliphansi, amafutha okugcoba angase abe yi-viscous futhi athinte umphumela wokugcoba; ukusebenza kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi nakho kungase kuthinteke. Endaweni enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa, izingxenye zamathuluzi omshini zijwayele ukwanda okushisayo futhi ukunemba kuncipha; impilo yesevisi yezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi nayo izofushaniswa. Ngakho-ke, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC kufanele agcinwe ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa elifanele ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma izinga lokushisa le-ambient lidlula u-45°C, izingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana namashayeli kufanele zibekwe endaweni enomoya omuhle noma ekamelweni elinomoya opholile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwazo okuvamile.
II. Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokufaka amathuluzi omshini we-CNC
- Isiqondiso sokufaka kufanele sihambisane nemithethonqubo, ngaphandle kwalokho amaphutha e-servo azokwenzeka.
Indlela yokufaka yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC ilawulwa ngokuqinile, okunqunywa ukwakheka kwayo komshini kanye nokwakheka kwesistimu yokulawula. Uma indlela yokufaka ingalungile, ingabangela amaphutha ohlelweni lwe-servo futhi ithinte ukunemba nokuzinza kwethuluzi lomshini. Phakathi nenqubo yokufaka, imiyalelo yokufaka ithuluzi lomshini kufanele ifundwe ngokucophelela futhi ifakwe endaweni ecacisiwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ezingeni kanye nokuma kwethuluzi lomshini ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini lifakwe endaweni efanele. - Lapho ufaka umshayeli, ukungena kwawo komoya kanye nezimbobo zokukhipha umoya akukwazi ukuvinjelwa, futhi akukwazi ukubekwa kubheke phansi. Uma kungenjalo, kuzodala iphutha.
Umshayeli ungenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC. Ukungena komoya okungavimbekile kanye nezimbobo zokukhipha umoya kubalulekile ekuqedeni ukushisa nokusebenza okuvamile. Uma ukungena komoya kanye nezimbobo zokukhipha zivinjiwe, ukushisa ngaphakathi komshayeli akukwazi ukuchithwa, okungase kuholele emaphutheni okushisa ngokweqile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukubeka umshayeli ebheke phansi kungase futhi kuthinte isakhiwo sangaphakathi nokusebenza kwayo futhi kubangele amaphutha. Uma ufaka umshayeli, qinisekisa ukuthi izimbobo zokudonsa komoya kanye ne-exhaust aziphazamiseki futhi zibekwe endaweni efanele. - Ungalifaki eduze noma eduze nezinto ezivuthayo.
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angase akhiqize izinhlansi noma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ngakho awakwazi ukufakwa eduze kwezinto ezivuthayo. Uma izinto ezivuthayo sezibasiwe, zingabangela umlilo futhi zidale ukulimala okukhulu kubasebenzi namathuluzi. Lapho ukhetha indawo yokufaka, hlala kude nezinto ezivuthayo ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha. - Uma ulungisa umshayeli, qiniseka ukuthi indawo ngayinye yokulungisa ikhiyiwe.
Umshayeli uzokhiqiza ukudlidliza ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Uma ingalungiswa ngokuqinile, ingase ixege noma iwe futhi ithinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwethuluzi lomshini. Ngakho-ke, lapho ulungisa umshayeli, qiniseka ukuthi indawo ngayinye yokulungisa ikhiyiwe ukuvimbela ukukhululeka. Amabhawodi afanelekile namantongomane angasetshenziselwa ukulungiswa futhi isimo sokulungisa kufanele sihlolwe njalo. - Yifake endaweni engathwala isisindo.
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC kanye nezingxenye zawo ngokuvamile anzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, lapho ufaka, indawo engakwazi ukuthwala isisindo sayo kufanele ikhethwe. Uma ifakwe endaweni engenawo amandla anele okuthwala umthwalo, ingabangela ukuncipha komhlaba noma ukulimala kwemishini. Ngaphambi kokufaka, umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wendawo yokufaka kufanele uhlolwe futhi izinyathelo zokuqinisa ezihambisanayo kufanele zithathwe.
III. Izinyathelo zokuqapha zokusebenza zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC
- Ukuze usebenze isikhathi eside, kunconywa ukuthi usebenze ezingeni lokushisa elingaphansi kuka-45 ° C ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza okuthembekile komkhiqizo.
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC azokhiqiza ukushisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhathi eside. Uma izinga lokushisa le-ambient liphezulu kakhulu, lingabangela ithuluzi lomshini ukuthi lishise futhi lithinte ukusebenza kwalo nempilo yesevisi. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukusebenza isikhathi eside endaweni yokushisa engaphansi kuka-45 ° C. Ukungenisa umoya, ukupholisa kanye nezinye izinyathelo zingathathwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini lisebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa elifanele. - Uma lo mkhiqizo ufakwe ebhokisini lokusabalalisa ugesi, ubukhulu kanye nezimo zokuphefumula kwebhokisi lokusabalalisa ugesi kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zonke izinto zikagesi zangaphakathi azikho engozini yokushisa ngokweqile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunakwa kufanele futhi kukhokhwe ukuthi ukudlidliza komshini kuzothinta amadivaysi kagesi webhokisi lokusabalalisa kagesi.
Ibhokisi lokusabalalisa ugesi liyingxenye ebalulekile yamathuluzi omshini we-CNC. Inikeza amandla nokuvikelwa kwezinto zikagesi zethuluzi lomshini. Usayizi nezimo zokungenisa umoya zebhokisi lokusabalalisa ugesi kufanele zihlangabezane nezidingo zokukhipha ukushisa kwamadivayisi kagesi angaphakathi ukuze kuvinjelwe amaphutha okushisa ngokweqile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunakwa kufanele futhi kukhokhwe ukuthi ukudlidliza kwethuluzi lomshini kuzothinta amadivaysi kagesi webhokisi lokusabalalisa kagesi. Uma ukudlidliza kukhulu kakhulu, kungase kubangele ukuba izinto zikagesi zixege noma zilimale. Izinyathelo zokumunca ukushaqeka njengokufaka amaphedi okumunca ukushaqeka zingathathwa ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wokudlidliza. - Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umphumela omuhle wokujikeleza kokupholisa, lapho ufaka umshayeli, kufanele kube khona isikhala esanele phakathi kwayo nezinto eziseduze kanye nama-baffles (izindonga) kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, futhi ukungena komoya kanye nezimbobo zokukhipha umoya azikwazi ukuvinjelwa, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzodala iphutha.
Uhlelo lokujikeleza kokupholisa lubalulekile ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC. Ukujikeleza okuhle kokupholisa kunganciphisa izinga lokushisa lezingxenye zamathuluzi omshini futhi kuthuthukise ukunemba kokucubungula nokuzinza. Lapho ufaka umshayeli, qinisekisa ukuthi kunesikhala esanele esizungezile sokujikeleza komoya ukuze uqinisekise umphumela wokupholisa wokujikeleza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukungena komoya kanye nezimbobo zokukhipha akukwazi ukuvinjelwa, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzothinta umphumela wokushisa ukushisa futhi kubangele amaphutha.
IV. Ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC
- Izintambo eziphakathi komshayeli nenjini azikwazi ukudonsa ziqine kakhulu.
Uma izintambo phakathi komshayeli nenjini zidonswa zaqina kakhulu, zingaxega noma zilimale ngenxa yokushuba kwesimo ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini. Ngakho-ke, lapho ufaka izintambo, i-slack efanele kufanele igcinwe ukuze kugwenywe ukudonsa kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isimo se-wiring kufanele sihlolwe njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe uxhumano oluqinile. - Ungabeki izinto ezisindayo phezu komshayeli.
Ukubeka izinto ezisindayo phezu komshayeli kungalimaza umshayeli. Izinto ezinzima zingase zichoboze i-casing noma izingxenye zangaphakathi zomshayeli futhi zithinte ukusebenza kwayo nempilo yesevisi. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezinzima akufanele zibekwe phezulu komshayeli. - Amashidi ensimbi, izikulufu nezinye izinto zangaphandle eziqhutshwayo noma uwoyela nezinye izinto ezivuthayo azikwazi ukuxutshwa ngaphakathi komshayeli.
Izinto zangaphandle eziqhutshwayo njengamashidi ensimbi nezikulufu zingadala amasekethe amafushane ngaphakathi komshayeli futhi kulimaze izingxenye zikagesi. Uwoyela nezinye izinto ezivuthayo kuba yingozi kwezokuphepha futhi kungabangela umlilo. Uma ufaka futhi usebenzisa umshayeli, qinisekisa ukuthi ingaphakathi layo lihlanzekile futhi ugweme ukuhlanganisa izinto zangaphandle. - Uma uxhumano phakathi komshayeli nemoto ludlula amamitha angu-20, sicela ujiye izintambo zokuxhuma i-U, V, W kanye ne-Encoder.
Lapho ibanga lokuxhuma phakathi komshayeli nemoto lidlula amamitha angu-20, ukudluliswa kwesignali kuzothinteka ngezinga elithile. Ukuze uqinisekise ukudluliswa kwesignali okuzinzile, izintambo zokuxhuma i-U, V, W kanye ne-Encoder zidinga ukuqina. Lokhu kunganciphisa ukumelana nolayini futhi kuthuthukise ikhwalithi nokuzinza kokudluliswa kwesignali. - Umshayeli akakwazi ukwehliswa noma athinteke.
Umshayeli uyidivayisi ye-elekthronikhi enembayo. Ukuyiwisa noma ukuyiphazamisa kungase kulimaze isakhiwo sayo sangaphakathi nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi futhi kubangele amaphutha. Lapho uphatha futhi ufaka umshayeli, kufanele isingathwe ngokucophelela ukugwema ukuwa noma ukuba nomthelela. - Uma umshayeli alimele, akakwazi ukuqhutshwa ngenkani.
Uma kutholakala umonakalo kumshayeli, njengebhokisi eliqhekekile noma izintambo ezixegayo, kufanele kumiswe ngokushesha futhi kuhlolwe noma kushintshwe. Ukuphoqelela ukusebenza komshayeli olimele kungase kubangele amaphutha amakhulu futhi kubangele ngisho nezingozi zokuphepha.
Sengiphetha, ukufakwa okulungile nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kuwukhiye wokuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwezisekeli zehardware ezinembayo. Lapho ufaka amathuluzi omshini we-CNC, izimo zendawo yokufaka nezinyathelo zokuqapha kufanele zibhekwe ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba, ukuqina nokuthembeka kwethuluzi lomshini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunakwa kufanele futhi kukhokhwe ekuqapheleni okuhlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi ukugcinwa okuvamile nokugcinwa kwethuluzi lomshini kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kwandiswe impilo yayo yesevisi futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.