Ukuhlaziya kanye Nezindlela Zokuqeda Amaphutha Okubuyisela Iphoyinti Lereferensi Yamathuluzi Omshini we-CNC
Abstract: Leli phepha lihlaziya ngokujulile isimiso sethuluzi lomshini we-CNC elibuyela endaweni eyireferensi, ukumboza okuvaliwe - iluphu, i-semi - ivaliwe - iluphu kanye ne-open - loop systems. Ngezibonelo ezithile, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamaphutha okubuyisela amaphuzu ereferensi amathuluzi omshini we-CNC kuxoxwa ngazo ngokuningiliziwe, okuhlanganisa ukuxilonga amaphutha, izindlela zokuhlaziya namasu okuqeda, kanye neziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa zibekwa phambili endaweni yokushintsha ithuluzi lethuluzi lomshini wesikhungo somshini.
I. Isingeniso
Umsebenzi wokubuyisela wephoyinti lesithenjwa owenziwe ngesandla uyimfuneko yokusungula isistimu yokuxhumanisa ithuluzi lomshini. Isenzo sokuqala samathuluzi amaningi omshini we-CNC ngemva kokuqalisa ukusebenzisa mathupha ukubuya kwephoyinti lesithenjwa. Amaphutha okubuya kwephoyinti lesithenjwa azovimbela ukucutshungulwa kohlelo ukuthi kwenziwe, futhi izindawo eziyinkomba ezingalungile zizophinde zithinte ukunemba komshini futhi kubangele nengozi yokushayisana. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlaziya nokuqeda amaphutha okubuyisela amaphuzu okubhekisela.
II. Izimiso zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC abuyela endaweni eyinkomba
(A) Ukuhlukaniswa kwesistimu
Ivaliwe - uhlelo lwe-CNC lwe-loop: Ifakwe idivayisi yempendulo yokuthola ukususwa komugqa wokugcina.
I-Semi - ivaliwe - iluphu uhlelo lwe-CNC: Idivayisi yokulinganisa indawo ifakwe ku-shaft ejikelezayo ye-servo motor noma ekugcineni kwesikulufu sokuhola, futhi isignali yempendulo ithathwa ekuthuthweni kwe-angular.
Vula – iluphu uhlelo lwe-CNC: Ngaphandle kwedivayisi yempendulo yokuthola indawo.
(B) Izindlela zokubuyisela iphuzu eliyinkomba
Indlela yegridi yokubuyisela iphoyinti lesithenjwa
Indlela yegridi ephelele: Sebenzisa i-absolute pulse encoder noma irula yokugaya ukuze ubuyele endaweni yereferensi. Ngesikhathi sokulungisa iphutha lethuluzi lomshini, iphoyinti lesithenjwa linqunywa ngokulungiselelwa kwepharamitha kanye nokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini ukubuyisela iqanda. Uma nje ibhethri eliyisipele lesici sempendulo yokuthola lisebenza kahle, ulwazi lwendawo yereferensi luyarekhodwa njalo uma umshini uqaliswa, futhi asikho isidingo sokwenza umsebenzi wokubuyisela indawo yesithenjwa futhi.
Indlela yegridi ekhuphukayo: Sebenzisa isifaki khodi esikhuphukayo noma irula yokugaya ukuze ubuyele endaweni eyinkomba, futhi umsebenzi wokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi uyadingeka njalo uma umshini uqaliswa. Ukuthatha umshini othile wokugaya we-CNC (usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-FANUC 0i) njengesibonelo, umgomo kanye nenqubo yendlela yawo yegridi ekhuphukayo yokubuyela endaweni eyiziro imi kanje:
Shintshela ukushintshwa kwemodi kugiye elithi "reference point return", khetha i-eksisi ukuze uthole ukubuyiselwa kwephoyinti lesithenjwa, bese ucindezela inkinobho ye-jog ephozithivu ye-eksisi. I-eksisi iya endaweni eyireferensi ngesivinini esinyakazayo.
Lapho ibhulokhi yokuhlehlisa ihamba kanye nethebula lokusebenza icindezela phansi othintana naye weswishi yokunciphisa izinga, isignali yokwehlisa ijubane iyashintsha isuka ku-(VULIWE) iye ku-(VALIWE). Isiphakeli se-worktable siyanciphisa futhi siqhubeke sihamba ngesivinini esinensayo sokuphakelayo esibekwe amapharamitha.
Ngemuva kokuthi ibhulokhi yokwehlisa ijubane ikhiphe iswishi yokunciphisa futhi isimo sokuxhumana sishintsha ukusuka kuye kuye phambili, uhlelo lwe-CNC lulinda ukubonakala kwesignali yegridi yokuqala (eyaziwa nangokuthi isignali eyodwa ye-PCZ) kusishumeki. Lapho nje lesi siginali sivela, ukunyakaza okusebenzayo kuyema ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lwe-CNC luthumela isignali yokuqedela ukubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi, futhi isibani sephoyinti lesithenjwa siyakhanyisa, okubonisa ukuthi i-eksisi yethuluzi lomshini ibuyele ngempumelelo endaweni yereferensi.
Indlela yokushintsha kazibuthe yokubuyisela iphoyinti lesithenjwa
I-open – loop system ivamise ukusebenzisa i-switch magnetic induction ukuze kubuyiselwe indawo eyinkomba. Ukuthatha i-lathe ethile ye-CNC njengesibonelo, umgomo kanye nenqubo yendlela yayo yokushintsha kazibuthe yokubuyela endaweni eyinkomba imi kanje:
Izinyathelo ezimbili zokuqala ziyefana nezinyathelo zokusebenza zendlela yegridi yokubuyisela iphuzu lesithenjwa.
Ngemuva kokuthi ibhulokhi yokunciphisa ikhiphe inkinobho yokunciphisa futhi isimo sokuxhumana sishintsha kusukela ekucishweni kuya phambili, isistimu ye-CNC ilinda ukubonakala kwesignali ye-induction switch. Lapho nje lesi siginali sivela, ukunyakaza okusebenzayo kuyema ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lwe-CNC luthumela isignali yokuqedela ukubuyisela iphuzu lokubhekisela, futhi isibani sephoyinti lesithenjwa sikhanyisa, okubonisa ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini libuyele ngempumelelo endaweni eyinkomba ye-eksisi.
III. Ukuxilongwa Kwephutha Nokuhlaziywa Kwamathuluzi Omshini we-CNC Ukubuyela Ephuzwini Lereferensi
Uma kwenzeka iphutha ekubuyiselweni kwephoyinti lereferensi yethuluzi lomshini we-CNC, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya ngomgomo ukusuka kokulula kuye kokuyinkimbinkimbi.
(A) Amaphutha ngaphandle kwe-alamu
Ukusuka ebangeni legridi elingashintshi
Iphutha elenzeka: Uma ithuluzi lomshini liqaliswa futhi iphoyinti lesithenjwa libuyiselwa mathupha okokuqala, lichezuka endaweni yesithenjwa ngebanga legridi elilodwa noma amaningana, futhi amabanga okuchezuka alandelayo ayalungiswa isikhathi ngasinye.
Ukuhlaziywa kwesizathu: Ngokuvamile, isikhundla se-deceleration block asilungile, ubude be-deceleration block bufushane kakhulu, noma isikhundla sokushintsha okuseduze okusetshenziselwa iphuzu lokubhekisela akulungile. Lolu hlobo lwephutha ngokuvamile lwenzeka ngemva kokuba ithuluzi lomshini lifakiwe futhi lilungiswe okokuqala noma ngemva kokulungiswa okukhulu.
Isixazululo: Indawo yebhulokhi yokunciphisa izinga noma iswishi yokusondela ingalungiswa, futhi isivinini sokuphakelayo esisheshayo kanye nesikhathi sokuphakela esisheshayo esingaguquguquki sokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi nakho kungalungiswa.
Ukusuka endaweni engahleliwe noma i-offset encane
Iphutha elenzeka: Phambuka kunoma iyiphi indawo yephoyinti lesithenjwa, inani lokuchezuka alihleliwe noma lincane, futhi ibanga lokuchezuka alilingani isikhathi ngasinye lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi wokubuyisela iphuzu lesithenjwa.
Ukuhlaziya imbangela:
Ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, njengokungaqini kahle phansi kwesendlalelo sekhebula elivikelayo, kanye nomugqa wesiginali wesishumeki se-pulse useduze kakhulu nekhebula le-voltage ephezulu.
Amandla kagesi asetshenziswa isishumeki se-pulse noma irula yokugaya iphansi kakhulu (ingaphansi kuka-4.75V) noma kukhona iphutha.
Ibhodi lokulawula leyunithi yokulawula isivinini linesici.
Ukuhlangana phakathi kwe-axis yokuphakelayo kanye ne-servo motor kukhululekile.
Isixhumi sekhebula asithinteki kahle noma ikhebuli ilimele.
Isixazululo: Izinyathelo ezihambisanayo kufanele zithathwe ngokwezizathu ezahlukene, njengokuthuthukisa indawo ephansi, ukuhlola ukunikezwa kwamandla, ukufaka esikhundleni sebhodi lokulawula, ukuqinisa ukuhlanganisa, nokuhlola ikhebula.
(B) Amaphutha nge-alamu
I-Over - i-alamu yohambo ebangelwa akukho senzo sokuhlehlisa
Iphutha elenzeka: Uma ithuluzi lomshini libuyela endaweni eyinkomba, asikho isenzo sokuhlehlisa, futhi lilokhu lihamba lize lithinte inkinobho yomkhawulo futhi lime ngenxa yokudlula - ukuhamba. Isibani esiluhlaza sokubuya kwephoyinti lesithenjwa asikhanyi, futhi isistimu ye-CNC ibonisa isimo "OKUNGALUNGILE".
Ukuhlaziywa kwembangela: Iswishi yokwehlisa izinga lokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi yehluleka, othintana naye weswishi akakwazi ukusethwa kabusha ngemva kokucindezelwa phansi, noma ibhulokhi yokuhlehlisa iyaxega futhi isuswe endaweni, okuholela ekutheni i-zero - point pulse ingasebenzi lapho ithuluzi lomshini libuyela endaweni eyinkomba, futhi isignali yokunciphisa ayikwazi ukufakwa ohlelweni lwe-CNC.
Isixazululo: Sebenzisa inkinobho yokusebenza ethi "over - travel release" ukuze ukhulule ukuxhumanisa ngaphezulu - ukuhamba kwethuluzi lomshini, ubuyisele ithuluzi lomshini phakathi kwebanga lokuhamba, bese uhlola ukuthi iswishi yokwehlisa izinga lokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi ikhululekile nokuthi ingabe ulayini wesignali wokunciphisa ukuhamba kweswishi ehambisanayo unomjikelezo omfushane noma isifunda esivulekile.
I-alamu edalwe ukungalitholi iphoyinti lesithenjwa ngemuva kokwehla
Iphutha elenzeka: Kukhona ukwehla ngesikhathi senqubo yokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi, kodwa liyama kuze kube yilapho lithinta inkinobho yomkhawulo nama-alamu, futhi indawo yesithenjwa ayitholakali, futhi umsebenzi wokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi wehlulekile.
Ukuhlaziya imbangela:
Isifaki khodi (noma irula yokugaya) asithumeli isignali yefulegi elinguziro ebonisa ukuthi iphoyinti lesithenjwa libuyisiwe phakathi nomsebenzi wokubuyisela indawo yesithenjwa.
Isikhundla sikaziro sokubuya kwephoyinti lesithenjwa siyehluleka.
Isignali yefulegi elinguziro yephoyinti lereferensi elibuyayo liyalahleka phakathi nokudlulisa noma ukucubungula.
Kukhona ukwehluleka kwezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha kusistimu yokulinganisa, futhi isignali yefulegi enguziro yokubuya kwephoyinti lesithenjwa ayaziwa.
Isixazululo: Sebenzisa indlela yokulandelela isignali futhi usebenzise i-oscilloscope ukuze uhlole isignali yefulegi eyiziro yephoyinti lereferensi yesifaki khodi ukuze wahlulele imbangela yephutha futhi wenze ukucubungula okuhambisanayo.
I-alamu edalwe indawo engalungile yephoyinti lesithenjwa
Iphutha elenzeka: Kukhona ukwehla ngesikhathi senqubo yokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi, futhi kuvela isiginali yefulegi elinguziro lephoyinti lereferensi elibuyayo, futhi kukhona nenqubo yokubhuleka iye kuziro, kodwa indawo yephoyinti yesithenjwa ayinembile, futhi umsebenzi wokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi wehlulekile.
Ukuhlaziya imbangela:
Isignali yefulegi elinguziro lephoyinti lereferensi elibuyayo ligejiwe, futhi isistimu yokulinganisa ingathola lesi siginali futhi ime kuphela ngemva kokuba isishumeki se-pulse sizungezise enye i-revolution eyodwa, ukuze ithebula lokusebenza lime endaweni ebangeni elikhethiwe ukusuka endaweni yereferensi.
I-deceleration block iseduze kakhulu nendawo yephoyinti lereferensi, futhi i-axis yokuxhumanisa iyama uma ingakasuki ebangeni elishiwo futhi ithinta inkinobho yomkhawulo.
Ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwesignali, i-loose block, kanye ne-voltage ephansi kakhulu yesiginali yefulegi elinguziro lephoyinti lereferensi elibuyayo, indawo lapho ithebula lokusebenza lime khona alinembile futhi alinakho ukujwayelekile.
Isixazululo: Ukucubungula ngokwezizathu ezihlukene, njengokulungisa indawo ye-deceleration block, ukususa ukuphazamiseka kwesignali, ukuqinisa i-block, nokuhlola i-voltage yesiginali.
I-alamu edalwe ukungabuyeli endaweni eyireferensi ngenxa yezinguquko zepharamitha
Iphutha elenzeka: Uma ithuluzi lomshini libuyela endaweni yesithenjwa, lithumela i-alamu "engabuyi endaweni yesithenjwa", futhi ithuluzi lomshini alisebenzisi isenzo sokubuyisela iphuzu lesithenjwa.
Ukuhlaziywa kwembangela: Kungase kubangelwe ukushintsha amapharamitha asethiwe, afana nesilinganiso sokukhulisa umyalo (CMR), isilinganiso sokukhulisa ukutholwa (DMR), isivinini sokuphakelayo esisheshayo sokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi, isivinini sokuncishiswa eduze nomsuka sisethelwe kuqanda, noma iswishi yokukhulisa ngokushesha kanye neswishi yokukhulisa isifunzo kuphaneli yokusebenza yethuluzi lomshini kusethelwe ku-0%.
Isixazululo: Hlola futhi ulungise imingcele efanele.
IV. Isiphetho
Amaphutha okubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi lamathuluzi omshini we-CNC ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa izimo ezimbili: ukwehluleka kokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi nge-alamu kanye nephoyinti lereferensi lokushayela ngaphandle kwe-alamu. Ukuze uthole amaphutha nge-alamu, uhlelo lwe-CNC ngeke luqhube uhlelo lomshini, olungagwema ukukhiqizwa kwenani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yemfucuza; kuyilapho iphutha le-reference drift ngaphandle kwe-alamu kulula ukunganakwa, okungase kuholele kumfucumfucu wezingxenye ezicutshunguliwe noma inombolo enkulu yemikhiqizo engcolile.
Emishinini yesikhungo somshini, njengoba imishini eminingi isebenzisa iphoyinti lereferensi ye-eksisi njengephoyinti lokushintsha ithuluzi, amaphutha okubuyisela amaphuzu ayenzeka kalula ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi amaphutha okukhukhuleka kwephoyinti lereferensi ye-alamu. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukusetha iphuzu lesethenjwa lesibili futhi usebenzise isiyalo se-G30 X0 Y0 Z0 ngesikhundla ebangeni elithile ukusuka endaweni eyireferensi. Nakuba lokhu kuletha ubunzima obuthile ekwakhiweni kwephephabhuku lamathuluzi kanye ne-manipulator, kunganciphisa kakhulu izinga lokuhluleka ukubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi kanye nezinga lokuhluleka lokushintsha ithuluzi elizenzakalelayo lethuluzi lomshini, futhi ukubuyisela iphuzu elilodwa lesithenjwa kuyadingeka lapho ithuluzi lomshini liqaliswa.
Abstract: Leli phepha lihlaziya ngokujulile isimiso sethuluzi lomshini we-CNC elibuyela endaweni eyireferensi, ukumboza okuvaliwe - iluphu, i-semi - ivaliwe - iluphu kanye ne-open - loop systems. Ngezibonelo ezithile, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamaphutha okubuyisela amaphuzu ereferensi amathuluzi omshini we-CNC kuxoxwa ngazo ngokuningiliziwe, okuhlanganisa ukuxilonga amaphutha, izindlela zokuhlaziya namasu okuqeda, kanye neziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa zibekwa phambili endaweni yokushintsha ithuluzi lethuluzi lomshini wesikhungo somshini.
I. Isingeniso
Umsebenzi wokubuyisela wephoyinti lesithenjwa owenziwe ngesandla uyimfuneko yokusungula isistimu yokuxhumanisa ithuluzi lomshini. Isenzo sokuqala samathuluzi amaningi omshini we-CNC ngemva kokuqalisa ukusebenzisa mathupha ukubuya kwephoyinti lesithenjwa. Amaphutha okubuya kwephoyinti lesithenjwa azovimbela ukucutshungulwa kohlelo ukuthi kwenziwe, futhi izindawo eziyinkomba ezingalungile zizophinde zithinte ukunemba komshini futhi kubangele nengozi yokushayisana. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlaziya nokuqeda amaphutha okubuyisela amaphuzu okubhekisela.
II. Izimiso zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC abuyela endaweni eyinkomba
(A) Ukuhlukaniswa kwesistimu
Ivaliwe - uhlelo lwe-CNC lwe-loop: Ifakwe idivayisi yempendulo yokuthola ukususwa komugqa wokugcina.
I-Semi - ivaliwe - iluphu uhlelo lwe-CNC: Idivayisi yokulinganisa indawo ifakwe ku-shaft ejikelezayo ye-servo motor noma ekugcineni kwesikulufu sokuhola, futhi isignali yempendulo ithathwa ekuthuthweni kwe-angular.
Vula – iluphu uhlelo lwe-CNC: Ngaphandle kwedivayisi yempendulo yokuthola indawo.
(B) Izindlela zokubuyisela iphuzu eliyinkomba
Indlela yegridi yokubuyisela iphoyinti lesithenjwa
Indlela yegridi ephelele: Sebenzisa i-absolute pulse encoder noma irula yokugaya ukuze ubuyele endaweni yereferensi. Ngesikhathi sokulungisa iphutha lethuluzi lomshini, iphoyinti lesithenjwa linqunywa ngokulungiselelwa kwepharamitha kanye nokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini ukubuyisela iqanda. Uma nje ibhethri eliyisipele lesici sempendulo yokuthola lisebenza kahle, ulwazi lwendawo yereferensi luyarekhodwa njalo uma umshini uqaliswa, futhi asikho isidingo sokwenza umsebenzi wokubuyisela indawo yesithenjwa futhi.
Indlela yegridi ekhuphukayo: Sebenzisa isifaki khodi esikhuphukayo noma irula yokugaya ukuze ubuyele endaweni eyinkomba, futhi umsebenzi wokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi uyadingeka njalo uma umshini uqaliswa. Ukuthatha umshini othile wokugaya we-CNC (usebenzisa uhlelo lwe-FANUC 0i) njengesibonelo, umgomo kanye nenqubo yendlela yawo yegridi ekhuphukayo yokubuyela endaweni eyiziro imi kanje:
Shintshela ukushintshwa kwemodi kugiye elithi "reference point return", khetha i-eksisi ukuze uthole ukubuyiselwa kwephoyinti lesithenjwa, bese ucindezela inkinobho ye-jog ephozithivu ye-eksisi. I-eksisi iya endaweni eyireferensi ngesivinini esinyakazayo.
Lapho ibhulokhi yokuhlehlisa ihamba kanye nethebula lokusebenza icindezela phansi othintana naye weswishi yokunciphisa izinga, isignali yokwehlisa ijubane iyashintsha isuka ku-(VULIWE) iye ku-(VALIWE). Isiphakeli se-worktable siyanciphisa futhi siqhubeke sihamba ngesivinini esinensayo sokuphakelayo esibekwe amapharamitha.
Ngemuva kokuthi ibhulokhi yokwehlisa ijubane ikhiphe iswishi yokunciphisa futhi isimo sokuxhumana sishintsha ukusuka kuye kuye phambili, uhlelo lwe-CNC lulinda ukubonakala kwesignali yegridi yokuqala (eyaziwa nangokuthi isignali eyodwa ye-PCZ) kusishumeki. Lapho nje lesi siginali sivela, ukunyakaza okusebenzayo kuyema ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lwe-CNC luthumela isignali yokuqedela ukubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi, futhi isibani sephoyinti lesithenjwa siyakhanyisa, okubonisa ukuthi i-eksisi yethuluzi lomshini ibuyele ngempumelelo endaweni yereferensi.
Indlela yokushintsha kazibuthe yokubuyisela iphoyinti lesithenjwa
I-open – loop system ivamise ukusebenzisa i-switch magnetic induction ukuze kubuyiselwe indawo eyinkomba. Ukuthatha i-lathe ethile ye-CNC njengesibonelo, umgomo kanye nenqubo yendlela yayo yokushintsha kazibuthe yokubuyela endaweni eyinkomba imi kanje:
Izinyathelo ezimbili zokuqala ziyefana nezinyathelo zokusebenza zendlela yegridi yokubuyisela iphuzu lesithenjwa.
Ngemuva kokuthi ibhulokhi yokunciphisa ikhiphe inkinobho yokunciphisa futhi isimo sokuxhumana sishintsha kusukela ekucishweni kuya phambili, isistimu ye-CNC ilinda ukubonakala kwesignali ye-induction switch. Lapho nje lesi siginali sivela, ukunyakaza okusebenzayo kuyema ngokushesha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhlelo lwe-CNC luthumela isignali yokuqedela ukubuyisela iphuzu lokubhekisela, futhi isibani sephoyinti lesithenjwa sikhanyisa, okubonisa ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini libuyele ngempumelelo endaweni eyinkomba ye-eksisi.
III. Ukuxilongwa Kwephutha Nokuhlaziywa Kwamathuluzi Omshini we-CNC Ukubuyela Ephuzwini Lereferensi
Uma kwenzeka iphutha ekubuyiselweni kwephoyinti lereferensi yethuluzi lomshini we-CNC, ukuhlolwa okuphelele kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya ngomgomo ukusuka kokulula kuye kokuyinkimbinkimbi.
(A) Amaphutha ngaphandle kwe-alamu
Ukusuka ebangeni legridi elingashintshi
Iphutha elenzeka: Uma ithuluzi lomshini liqaliswa futhi iphoyinti lesithenjwa libuyiselwa mathupha okokuqala, lichezuka endaweni yesithenjwa ngebanga legridi elilodwa noma amaningana, futhi amabanga okuchezuka alandelayo ayalungiswa isikhathi ngasinye.
Ukuhlaziywa kwesizathu: Ngokuvamile, isikhundla se-deceleration block asilungile, ubude be-deceleration block bufushane kakhulu, noma isikhundla sokushintsha okuseduze okusetshenziselwa iphuzu lokubhekisela akulungile. Lolu hlobo lwephutha ngokuvamile lwenzeka ngemva kokuba ithuluzi lomshini lifakiwe futhi lilungiswe okokuqala noma ngemva kokulungiswa okukhulu.
Isixazululo: Indawo yebhulokhi yokunciphisa izinga noma iswishi yokusondela ingalungiswa, futhi isivinini sokuphakelayo esisheshayo kanye nesikhathi sokuphakela esisheshayo esingaguquguquki sokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi nakho kungalungiswa.
Ukusuka endaweni engahleliwe noma i-offset encane
Iphutha elenzeka: Phambuka kunoma iyiphi indawo yephoyinti lesithenjwa, inani lokuchezuka alihleliwe noma lincane, futhi ibanga lokuchezuka alilingani isikhathi ngasinye lapho kwenziwa umsebenzi wokubuyisela iphuzu lesithenjwa.
Ukuhlaziya imbangela:
Ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle, njengokungaqini kahle phansi kwesendlalelo sekhebula elivikelayo, kanye nomugqa wesiginali wesishumeki se-pulse useduze kakhulu nekhebula le-voltage ephezulu.
Amandla kagesi asetshenziswa isishumeki se-pulse noma irula yokugaya iphansi kakhulu (ingaphansi kuka-4.75V) noma kukhona iphutha.
Ibhodi lokulawula leyunithi yokulawula isivinini linesici.
Ukuhlangana phakathi kwe-axis yokuphakelayo kanye ne-servo motor kukhululekile.
Isixhumi sekhebula asithinteki kahle noma ikhebuli ilimele.
Isixazululo: Izinyathelo ezihambisanayo kufanele zithathwe ngokwezizathu ezahlukene, njengokuthuthukisa indawo ephansi, ukuhlola ukunikezwa kwamandla, ukufaka esikhundleni sebhodi lokulawula, ukuqinisa ukuhlanganisa, nokuhlola ikhebula.
(B) Amaphutha nge-alamu
I-Over - i-alamu yohambo ebangelwa akukho senzo sokuhlehlisa
Iphutha elenzeka: Uma ithuluzi lomshini libuyela endaweni eyinkomba, asikho isenzo sokuhlehlisa, futhi lilokhu lihamba lize lithinte inkinobho yomkhawulo futhi lime ngenxa yokudlula - ukuhamba. Isibani esiluhlaza sokubuya kwephoyinti lesithenjwa asikhanyi, futhi isistimu ye-CNC ibonisa isimo "OKUNGALUNGILE".
Ukuhlaziywa kwembangela: Iswishi yokwehlisa izinga lokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi yehluleka, othintana naye weswishi akakwazi ukusethwa kabusha ngemva kokucindezelwa phansi, noma ibhulokhi yokuhlehlisa iyaxega futhi isuswe endaweni, okuholela ekutheni i-zero - point pulse ingasebenzi lapho ithuluzi lomshini libuyela endaweni eyinkomba, futhi isignali yokunciphisa ayikwazi ukufakwa ohlelweni lwe-CNC.
Isixazululo: Sebenzisa inkinobho yokusebenza ethi "over - travel release" ukuze ukhulule ukuxhumanisa ngaphezulu - ukuhamba kwethuluzi lomshini, ubuyisele ithuluzi lomshini phakathi kwebanga lokuhamba, bese uhlola ukuthi iswishi yokwehlisa izinga lokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi ikhululekile nokuthi ingabe ulayini wesignali wokunciphisa ukuhamba kweswishi ehambisanayo unomjikelezo omfushane noma isifunda esivulekile.
I-alamu edalwe ukungalitholi iphoyinti lesithenjwa ngemuva kokwehla
Iphutha elenzeka: Kukhona ukwehla ngesikhathi senqubo yokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi, kodwa liyama kuze kube yilapho lithinta inkinobho yomkhawulo nama-alamu, futhi indawo yesithenjwa ayitholakali, futhi umsebenzi wokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi wehlulekile.
Ukuhlaziya imbangela:
Isifaki khodi (noma irula yokugaya) asithumeli isignali yefulegi elinguziro ebonisa ukuthi iphoyinti lesithenjwa libuyisiwe phakathi nomsebenzi wokubuyisela indawo yesithenjwa.
Isikhundla sikaziro sokubuya kwephoyinti lesithenjwa siyehluleka.
Isignali yefulegi elinguziro yephoyinti lereferensi elibuyayo liyalahleka phakathi nokudlulisa noma ukucubungula.
Kukhona ukwehluleka kwezingxenyekazi zekhompiyutha kusistimu yokulinganisa, futhi isignali yefulegi enguziro yokubuya kwephoyinti lesithenjwa ayaziwa.
Isixazululo: Sebenzisa indlela yokulandelela isignali futhi usebenzise i-oscilloscope ukuze uhlole isignali yefulegi eyiziro yephoyinti lereferensi yesifaki khodi ukuze wahlulele imbangela yephutha futhi wenze ukucubungula okuhambisanayo.
I-alamu edalwe indawo engalungile yephoyinti lesithenjwa
Iphutha elenzeka: Kukhona ukwehla ngesikhathi senqubo yokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi, futhi kuvela isiginali yefulegi elinguziro lephoyinti lereferensi elibuyayo, futhi kukhona nenqubo yokubhuleka iye kuziro, kodwa indawo yephoyinti yesithenjwa ayinembile, futhi umsebenzi wokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi wehlulekile.
Ukuhlaziya imbangela:
Isignali yefulegi elinguziro lephoyinti lereferensi elibuyayo ligejiwe, futhi isistimu yokulinganisa ingathola lesi siginali futhi ime kuphela ngemva kokuba isishumeki se-pulse sizungezise enye i-revolution eyodwa, ukuze ithebula lokusebenza lime endaweni ebangeni elikhethiwe ukusuka endaweni yereferensi.
I-deceleration block iseduze kakhulu nendawo yephoyinti lereferensi, futhi i-axis yokuxhumanisa iyama uma ingakasuki ebangeni elishiwo futhi ithinta inkinobho yomkhawulo.
Ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwesignali, i-loose block, kanye ne-voltage ephansi kakhulu yesiginali yefulegi elinguziro lephoyinti lereferensi elibuyayo, indawo lapho ithebula lokusebenza lime khona alinembile futhi alinakho ukujwayelekile.
Isixazululo: Ukucubungula ngokwezizathu ezihlukene, njengokulungisa indawo ye-deceleration block, ukususa ukuphazamiseka kwesignali, ukuqinisa i-block, nokuhlola i-voltage yesiginali.
I-alamu edalwe ukungabuyeli endaweni eyireferensi ngenxa yezinguquko zepharamitha
Iphutha elenzeka: Uma ithuluzi lomshini libuyela endaweni yesithenjwa, lithumela i-alamu "engabuyi endaweni yesithenjwa", futhi ithuluzi lomshini alisebenzisi isenzo sokubuyisela iphuzu lesithenjwa.
Ukuhlaziywa kwembangela: Kungase kubangelwe ukushintsha amapharamitha asethiwe, afana nesilinganiso sokukhulisa umyalo (CMR), isilinganiso sokukhulisa ukutholwa (DMR), isivinini sokuphakelayo esisheshayo sokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi, isivinini sokuncishiswa eduze nomsuka sisethelwe kuqanda, noma iswishi yokukhulisa ngokushesha kanye neswishi yokukhulisa isifunzo kuphaneli yokusebenza yethuluzi lomshini kusethelwe ku-0%.
Isixazululo: Hlola futhi ulungise imingcele efanele.
IV. Isiphetho
Amaphutha okubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi lamathuluzi omshini we-CNC ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa izimo ezimbili: ukwehluleka kokubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi nge-alamu kanye nephoyinti lereferensi lokushayela ngaphandle kwe-alamu. Ukuze uthole amaphutha nge-alamu, uhlelo lwe-CNC ngeke luqhube uhlelo lomshini, olungagwema ukukhiqizwa kwenani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yemfucuza; kuyilapho iphutha le-reference drift ngaphandle kwe-alamu kulula ukunganakwa, okungase kuholele kumfucumfucu wezingxenye ezicutshunguliwe noma inombolo enkulu yemikhiqizo engcolile.
Emishinini yesikhungo somshini, njengoba imishini eminingi isebenzisa iphoyinti lereferensi ye-eksisi njengephoyinti lokushintsha ithuluzi, amaphutha okubuyisela amaphuzu ayenzeka kalula ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi amaphutha okukhukhuleka kwephoyinti lereferensi ye-alamu. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukusetha iphuzu lesethenjwa lesibili futhi usebenzise isiyalo se-G30 X0 Y0 Z0 ngesikhundla ebangeni elithile ukusuka endaweni eyireferensi. Nakuba lokhu kuletha ubunzima obuthile ekwakhiweni kwephephabhuku lamathuluzi kanye ne-manipulator, kunganciphisa kakhulu izinga lokuhluleka ukubuyisela iphuzu lereferensi kanye nezinga lokuhluleka lokushintsha ithuluzi elizenzakalelayo lethuluzi lomshini, futhi ukubuyisela iphuzu elilodwa lesithenjwa kuyadingeka lapho ithuluzi lomshini liqaliswa.