Ukuhlaziywa kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezinto Ezithinta Ukunemba Kwe-Machining Dimensional of Machining Centers
Abstract: Leli phepha lihlola ngokucophelela izici ezihlukahlukene ezithinta ukunemba kobukhulu bomshini bezikhungo zokunyathelisa futhi lizihlukanisa zibe izigaba ezimbili: izici ezigwemekayo nezici ezingenakuphikiswa. Ezicini ezigwemekayo, njengezinqubo zokwenza imishini, izibalo zezinombolo ezinhlelweni ezenziwa ngesandla nezizenzakalelayo, izici zokusika, nokulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi, njll., kwenziwa ukucaciswa okuningiliziwe, futhi kuhlongozwa izindlela ezihambisanayo zokuthuthukisa. Ezicini ezingenakuvinjelwa, okuhlanganisa ukuwohloka kokupholisa kocezu lokusebenza nokuzinza kwethuluzi lomshini ngokwalo, izimbangela nezindlela zokuthonya ziyahlaziywa. Inhloso ukuhlinzeka ngezinkomba zolwazi olubanzi kochwepheshe ababambe iqhaza ekusebenzeni nasekuphathweni kwezikhungo zemishini, ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokulawula ukunemba kobukhulu bemishini yezikhungo zomshini kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
I. Isingeniso
Njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile ekwenzeni imishini yesimanje, ukunemba kwe-machining dimensional yezikhungo zomshini kuhlobene ngokuqondile nekhwalithi nokusebenza kwemikhiqizo. Enqubweni yangempela yokukhiqiza, izici ezihlukahlukene zizothinta ukunemba kobukhulu bomshini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlaziya ngokujulile lezi zici futhi ufune izindlela zokulawula ezisebenzayo.
Njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile ekwenzeni imishini yesimanje, ukunemba kwe-machining dimensional yezikhungo zomshini kuhlobene ngokuqondile nekhwalithi nokusebenza kwemikhiqizo. Enqubweni yangempela yokukhiqiza, izici ezihlukahlukene zizothinta ukunemba kobukhulu bomshini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlaziya ngokujulile lezi zici futhi ufune izindlela zokulawula ezisebenzayo.
II. Izinto Ezithonya Ezigwemekayo
(I) Inqubo Yomshini
Ukuba nengqondo kwenqubo yokwenza imishini kunquma kakhulu ukunemba kobukhulu bomshini. Ngesisekelo sokulandela izimiso eziyisisekelo zenqubo yomshini, lapho kwenziwa izinto ezithambile ezifana nezingxenye ze-aluminium, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ethonyeni le-iron filings. Isibonelo, phakathi nenqubo yokugaya izingxenye ze-aluminium, ngenxa yokuthungwa okuthambile kwe-aluminium, amafayili ensimbi akhiqizwa ngokusika kungenzeka aklwebhe indawo ewumshini, ngaleyo ndlela ethule amaphutha anobukhulu. Ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha anjalo, izinyathelo ezinjengokuthuthukisa indlela yokukhipha i-chip kanye nokuthuthukisa ukumuncwa kwedivayisi yokukhipha i-chip zingathathwa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ohlelweni lwenqubo, ukusatshalaliswa kwemvume yomshini wokugaya nokuqeda imishini kufanele kuhlelwe ngendlela efanele. Ngesikhathi somshini onzima, ukujula okukhudlwana kokusika kanye nezinga lokuphakela kusetshenziswa ukususa ngokushesha inani elikhulu lesibonelelo, kodwa isibonelelo esifanele sokuqeda imishini, ngokuvamile esingu-0.3 – 0.5mm, kufanele sigcinwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuqedela imishini kungafinyelela ukunemba okuphezulu kobukhulu. Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo, ngaphandle kokulandela imigomo yokunciphisa izikhathi zokubopha nokusebenzisa ama-modular fixtures, ukunemba kokuma kwezakhiwo nakho kudingeka kuqinisekiswe. Isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa izikhonkwane zendawo ezinembe kakhulu kanye nokuthola izindawo ezingaphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokuma kwendawo yokusebenza ngesikhathi senqubo yokubamba, ukugwema amaphutha e-dimensional abangwe ukuchezuka kwendawo yokubamba.
Ukuba nengqondo kwenqubo yokwenza imishini kunquma kakhulu ukunemba kobukhulu bomshini. Ngesisekelo sokulandela izimiso eziyisisekelo zenqubo yomshini, lapho kwenziwa izinto ezithambile ezifana nezingxenye ze-aluminium, ukunakwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe ethonyeni le-iron filings. Isibonelo, phakathi nenqubo yokugaya izingxenye ze-aluminium, ngenxa yokuthungwa okuthambile kwe-aluminium, amafayili ensimbi akhiqizwa ngokusika kungenzeka aklwebhe indawo ewumshini, ngaleyo ndlela ethule amaphutha anobukhulu. Ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha anjalo, izinyathelo ezinjengokuthuthukisa indlela yokukhipha i-chip kanye nokuthuthukisa ukumuncwa kwedivayisi yokukhipha i-chip zingathathwa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ohlelweni lwenqubo, ukusatshalaliswa kwemvume yomshini wokugaya nokuqeda imishini kufanele kuhlelwe ngendlela efanele. Ngesikhathi somshini onzima, ukujula okukhudlwana kokusika kanye nezinga lokuphakela kusetshenziswa ukususa ngokushesha inani elikhulu lesibonelelo, kodwa isibonelelo esifanele sokuqeda imishini, ngokuvamile esingu-0.3 – 0.5mm, kufanele sigcinwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuqedela imishini kungafinyelela ukunemba okuphezulu kobukhulu. Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo, ngaphandle kokulandela imigomo yokunciphisa izikhathi zokubopha nokusebenzisa ama-modular fixtures, ukunemba kokuma kwezakhiwo nakho kudingeka kuqinisekiswe. Isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa izikhonkwane zendawo ezinembe kakhulu kanye nokuthola izindawo ezingaphezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokuma kwendawo yokusebenza ngesikhathi senqubo yokubamba, ukugwema amaphutha e-dimensional abangwe ukuchezuka kwendawo yokubamba.
(II) Izibalo Zezinombolo Kuhlelo Lwemanuwali kanye Nokuzenzakalelayo Lwezikhungo Zomshini
Noma ngabe kuwukuhlela ngokuzenzela noma ukuhlela okuzenzakalelayo, ukunemba kwezibalo zezinombolo kubaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi nenqubo yokuhlela, kuhilela ukubalwa kwezindlela zamathuluzi, ukunqunywa kwamaphoyinti wokuxhumanisa, njll. Isibonelo, lapho kubalwa umzila wokuhumusha okuyisiyingi, uma izixhumanisi zesikhungo sendilinga noma irediyasi zibalwa ngokungalungile, nakanjani kuzoholela ekwenziweni kokuchezuka kwe-dimensional. Ukuze kuhlelwe izingxenye ezimise okuyinkimbinkimbi, isofthiwe ethuthukisiwe ye-CAD/CAM iyadingeka ukuze kwenziwe ukumodela okunembile nokuhlela indlela yamathuluzi. Ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa isofthiwe, ubukhulu bejometri bemodeli kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi bunembile, futhi izindlela zamathuluzi ezikhiqiziwe kufanele zihlolwe ngokucophelela futhi ziqinisekiswe. Ngaleso sikhathi, abahleli bohlelo kufanele babe nesisekelo esiqinile sezibalo kanye nolwazi olucebile lokuhlela, futhi bakwazi ukukhetha kahle imiyalelo yokuhlela namapharamitha ngokuya ngezidingo zemishini yezingxenye. Isibonelo, lapho izinhlelo zokusebenza zokumba, amapharamitha afana nokujula kokumba kanye nebanga lokuhlehlisa kufanele asethwe ngokunembile ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha e-dimensional abangelwa amaphutha ohlelo.
Noma ngabe kuwukuhlela ngokuzenzela noma ukuhlela okuzenzakalelayo, ukunemba kwezibalo zezinombolo kubaluleke kakhulu. Phakathi nenqubo yokuhlela, kuhilela ukubalwa kwezindlela zamathuluzi, ukunqunywa kwamaphoyinti wokuxhumanisa, njll. Isibonelo, lapho kubalwa umzila wokuhumusha okuyisiyingi, uma izixhumanisi zesikhungo sendilinga noma irediyasi zibalwa ngokungalungile, nakanjani kuzoholela ekwenziweni kokuchezuka kwe-dimensional. Ukuze kuhlelwe izingxenye ezimise okuyinkimbinkimbi, isofthiwe ethuthukisiwe ye-CAD/CAM iyadingeka ukuze kwenziwe ukumodela okunembile nokuhlela indlela yamathuluzi. Ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa isofthiwe, ubukhulu bejometri bemodeli kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi bunembile, futhi izindlela zamathuluzi ezikhiqiziwe kufanele zihlolwe ngokucophelela futhi ziqinisekiswe. Ngaleso sikhathi, abahleli bohlelo kufanele babe nesisekelo esiqinile sezibalo kanye nolwazi olucebile lokuhlela, futhi bakwazi ukukhetha kahle imiyalelo yokuhlela namapharamitha ngokuya ngezidingo zemishini yezingxenye. Isibonelo, lapho izinhlelo zokusebenza zokumba, amapharamitha afana nokujula kokumba kanye nebanga lokuhlehlisa kufanele asethwe ngokunembile ukuze kugwenywe amaphutha e-dimensional abangelwa amaphutha ohlelo.
(III) Izingxenye Zokusika kanye Nesinxephezelo Samathuluzi
Isivinini sokusika i-vc, izinga lokuphakelayo f, nokujula kwe-ap kunomthelela omkhulu ekunembeni kobukhulu bomshini. Isivinini sokusika ngokweqile singase siholele ekugugeni kwamathuluzi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukunemba komshini; Izinga lokuphakelayo eleqile lingase linyuse amandla okusika, libangele ukuwohloka kocezu lokusebenza noma ukudlidliza kwamathuluzi futhi kubangele ukuchezuka kobukhulu. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa izinsimbi ze-alloy eziqinile, uma ijubane lokusika likhethwa liphezulu kakhulu, umkhawulo wokusika wethuluzi ujwayele ukugqoka, okwenza usayizi womshini ube mncane. Imingcele yokusika enengqondo kufanele inqunywe ngokuningiliziwe kucatshangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nempahla yokusebenza, impahla yamathuluzi, nokusebenza kwamathuluzi omshini. Ngokuvamile, zingakhethwa ngokuhlolwa kokusika noma ngokubhekisela kumamanuwali wokusika afanelekile. Ngaleso sikhathi, isinxephezelo samathuluzi siyindlela ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemishini. Ezikhungweni zemishini, isinxephezelo sokugqoka kwamathuluzi singalungisa ngesikhathi sangempela izinguquko zobukhulu ezibangelwa ukuguga kwamathuluzi. Ama-opharetha kufanele alungise inani lesinxephezelo sethuluzi ngesikhathi esifanele ngokuya ngesimo sangempela sokuguga sethuluzi. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwenqwaba yezingxenye, ubukhulu bomshini bulinganiswa njalo. Uma kutholakala ukuthi ubukhulu bukhula kancane kancane noma buyancipha, inani lesinxephezelo sethuluzi liyashintshwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba komshini kwezingxenye ezilandelayo.
Isivinini sokusika i-vc, izinga lokuphakelayo f, nokujula kwe-ap kunomthelela omkhulu ekunembeni kobukhulu bomshini. Isivinini sokusika ngokweqile singase siholele ekugugeni kwamathuluzi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukunemba komshini; Izinga lokuphakelayo eleqile lingase linyuse amandla okusika, libangele ukuwohloka kocezu lokusebenza noma ukudlidliza kwamathuluzi futhi kubangele ukuchezuka kobukhulu. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa izinsimbi ze-alloy eziqinile, uma ijubane lokusika likhethwa liphezulu kakhulu, umkhawulo wokusika wethuluzi ujwayele ukugqoka, okwenza usayizi womshini ube mncane. Imingcele yokusika enengqondo kufanele inqunywe ngokuningiliziwe kucatshangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene ezifana nempahla yokusebenza, impahla yamathuluzi, nokusebenza kwamathuluzi omshini. Ngokuvamile, zingakhethwa ngokuhlolwa kokusika noma ngokubhekisela kumamanuwali wokusika afanelekile. Ngaleso sikhathi, isinxephezelo samathuluzi siyindlela ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukunemba kwemishini. Ezikhungweni zemishini, isinxephezelo sokugqoka kwamathuluzi singalungisa ngesikhathi sangempela izinguquko zobukhulu ezibangelwa ukuguga kwamathuluzi. Ama-opharetha kufanele alungise inani lesinxephezelo sethuluzi ngesikhathi esifanele ngokuya ngesimo sangempela sokuguga sethuluzi. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwenqwaba yezingxenye, ubukhulu bomshini bulinganiswa njalo. Uma kutholakala ukuthi ubukhulu bukhula kancane kancane noma buyancipha, inani lesinxephezelo sethuluzi liyashintshwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunemba komshini kwezingxenye ezilandelayo.
(IV) Ukusetha Ithuluzi
Ukunemba kokulungiselelwa kwethuluzi kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokunemba kobukhulu bomshini. Inqubo yokusetha ithuluzi iwukunquma ubudlelwano bendawo obuhlobene phakathi kwethuluzi nomsebenzi. Uma ukulungiselelwa kwethuluzi kungalungile, amaphutha anobukhulu nakanjani azokwenzeka ezingxenyeni zomshini. Ukukhetha isitholi sonqenqema esinembayo kungenye yezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa ukunemba kwesilungiselelo samathuluzi. Isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa isitholi se-optical edge, indawo yethuluzi kanye nonqenqema lwe-workpiece ingatholwa ngokunembile, ngokunemba kwe-± 0.005mm. Ezikhungweni zemishini ezifakwe isethi yamathuluzi ezenzakalelayo, imisebenzi yayo ingasetshenziswa ngokugcwele ukuze kuzuzwe ukulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi okusheshayo nokunembile. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokuhlelwa kwamathuluzi, kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuhlanzeka kwendawo yokubeka amathuluzi ukuze kugwenywe umthelela wemfucumfucu ekunembeni kokumiswa kwamathuluzi. Okwamanje, opharetha kufanele balandele ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza zokusetha ithuluzi, futhi bathathe izilinganiso eziningi futhi babale inani elimaphakathi ukuze banciphise iphutha lokusetha ithuluzi.
Ukunemba kokulungiselelwa kwethuluzi kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokunemba kobukhulu bomshini. Inqubo yokusetha ithuluzi iwukunquma ubudlelwano bendawo obuhlobene phakathi kwethuluzi nomsebenzi. Uma ukulungiselelwa kwethuluzi kungalungile, amaphutha anobukhulu nakanjani azokwenzeka ezingxenyeni zomshini. Ukukhetha isitholi sonqenqema esinembayo kungenye yezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa ukunemba kwesilungiselelo samathuluzi. Isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa isitholi se-optical edge, indawo yethuluzi kanye nonqenqema lwe-workpiece ingatholwa ngokunembile, ngokunemba kwe-± 0.005mm. Ezikhungweni zemishini ezifakwe isethi yamathuluzi ezenzakalelayo, imisebenzi yayo ingasetshenziswa ngokugcwele ukuze kuzuzwe ukulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi okusheshayo nokunembile. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokuhlelwa kwamathuluzi, kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuhlanzeka kwendawo yokubeka amathuluzi ukuze kugwenywe umthelela wemfucumfucu ekunembeni kokumiswa kwamathuluzi. Okwamanje, opharetha kufanele balandele ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza zokusetha ithuluzi, futhi bathathe izilinganiso eziningi futhi babale inani elimaphakathi ukuze banciphise iphutha lokusetha ithuluzi.
III. Izinto Ezingenakuvinjelwa
(I) Ukupholisa Ukuguqulwa Kwezinto Zokusebenza ngemva koMachining
Ama-workpieces azophehla ukushisa phakathi nenqubo yokwenza imishini, futhi azokhubazeka ngenxa yokwanda okushisayo nomphumela wokufinyela lapho kupholiswa ngemva komshini. Lesi simo sivamile emshinini wensimbi futhi kunzima ukugwema ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, kwezinye izingxenye ezinkulu zesakhiwo se-aluminium alloy, ukushisa okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi somshini kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi ukuncipha kosayizi kuyabonakala ngemva kokupholisa. Ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wokuwohloka kokupholisa ekunembeni kobukhulu, okokupholisa kungasetshenziswa ngokunengqondo phakathi nenqubo yokumaka. I-coolant ayikwazi nje ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa lokusika kanye nokuguga kwamathuluzi kodwa futhi yenze i-workpiece ipholile ngokulinganayo futhi inciphise izinga lokuguquka kokushisa. Lapho ukhetha i-coolant, kufanele isekelwe ezintweni zokusebenza kanye nezidingo zenqubo yomshini. Isibonelo, ukuze kusetshenziswe ingxenye ye-aluminium, kungakhethwa uketshezi olukhethekile lwe-aluminium alloy cutting, olunezinto ezinhle zokupholisa nezokugcoba. Ukwengeza, lapho wenza isilinganiso se-in-situ, umthelela wesikhathi sokupholisa kusayizi wesiqeshana somsebenzi kufanele ucatshangelwe ngokugcwele. Ngokuvamile, ukulinganisa kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokuba ucezu lokusebenza seluphole lafinyelela kuzinga lokushisa elilingana negumbi, noma izinguquko zobukhulu phakathi nenqubo yokupholisa zingalinganiselwa futhi imiphumela yokulinganisa ingalungiswa ngokuya ngedatha yokuhlola.
Ama-workpieces azophehla ukushisa phakathi nenqubo yokwenza imishini, futhi azokhubazeka ngenxa yokwanda okushisayo nomphumela wokufinyela lapho kupholiswa ngemva komshini. Lesi simo sivamile emshinini wensimbi futhi kunzima ukugwema ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, kwezinye izingxenye ezinkulu zesakhiwo se-aluminium alloy, ukushisa okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi somshini kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi ukuncipha kosayizi kuyabonakala ngemva kokupholisa. Ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wokuwohloka kokupholisa ekunembeni kobukhulu, okokupholisa kungasetshenziswa ngokunengqondo phakathi nenqubo yokumaka. I-coolant ayikwazi nje ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa lokusika kanye nokuguga kwamathuluzi kodwa futhi yenze i-workpiece ipholile ngokulinganayo futhi inciphise izinga lokuguquka kokushisa. Lapho ukhetha i-coolant, kufanele isekelwe ezintweni zokusebenza kanye nezidingo zenqubo yomshini. Isibonelo, ukuze kusetshenziswe ingxenye ye-aluminium, kungakhethwa uketshezi olukhethekile lwe-aluminium alloy cutting, olunezinto ezinhle zokupholisa nezokugcoba. Ukwengeza, lapho wenza isilinganiso se-in-situ, umthelela wesikhathi sokupholisa kusayizi wesiqeshana somsebenzi kufanele ucatshangelwe ngokugcwele. Ngokuvamile, ukulinganisa kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokuba ucezu lokusebenza seluphole lafinyelela kuzinga lokushisa elilingana negumbi, noma izinguquko zobukhulu phakathi nenqubo yokupholisa zingalinganiselwa futhi imiphumela yokulinganisa ingalungiswa ngokuya ngedatha yokuhlola.
(II) Ukuzinza kweMachining Centre ngokwaso
Izici Zemishini
Ukuxega phakathi kwe-Servo Motor kanye Nesikulufu: Ukuxegiswa kokuxhumana phakathi kwe-servo motor nesikulufu kuzoholela ekwehleni kokunemba kokudlulisela. Phakathi nenqubo yokwenza imishini, lapho injini iphenduka, ukuxhumeka okuxegisiwe kuzobangela ukuzungezisa kwesikulufu kubambezeleke noma kungalingani, ngaleyo ndlela kwenze umzila wokunyakaza wethuluzi uchezuke endaweni efanelekile futhi kubangele amaphutha anobukhulu. Isibonelo, phakathi nokunemba okuphezulu komshini wekhontayutha, lokhu kuxegiswa kungabangela ukuchezuka esimweni sekhontayutha emshinini, njengokungathobeli izimfuneko mayelana nokuqondile nokuba yindilinga. Ukuhlola njalo nokuqinisa amabhawodi okuxhumana phakathi kwe-servo motor kanye nesikulufu kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvimbela izinkinga ezinjalo. Okwamanje, amantongomane alwa nokuxega noma ama-agent wokukhiya intambo angasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kokuxhumeka.
Ukuxega phakathi kwe-Servo Motor kanye Nesikulufu: Ukuxegiswa kokuxhumana phakathi kwe-servo motor nesikulufu kuzoholela ekwehleni kokunemba kokudlulisela. Phakathi nenqubo yokwenza imishini, lapho injini iphenduka, ukuxhumeka okuxegisiwe kuzobangela ukuzungezisa kwesikulufu kubambezeleke noma kungalingani, ngaleyo ndlela kwenze umzila wokunyakaza wethuluzi uchezuke endaweni efanelekile futhi kubangele amaphutha anobukhulu. Isibonelo, phakathi nokunemba okuphezulu komshini wekhontayutha, lokhu kuxegiswa kungabangela ukuchezuka esimweni sekhontayutha emshinini, njengokungathobeli izimfuneko mayelana nokuqondile nokuba yindilinga. Ukuhlola njalo nokuqinisa amabhawodi okuxhumana phakathi kwe-servo motor kanye nesikulufu kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvimbela izinkinga ezinjalo. Okwamanje, amantongomane alwa nokuxega noma ama-agent wokukhiya intambo angasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kokuxhumeka.
I-Wear of Ball Screw Bearings noma Nuts: Isikulufu sebhola siyingxenye ebalulekile yokubona ukunyakaza okunembile esikhungweni sokukhanda, futhi ukuguga kwamabheringi noma amantongomane kuzothinta ukunemba kokudlulisela kwesikulufu. Njengoba ukugqoka kuqinisa, ukucaciswa kwe-screw kuzokhula kancane kancane, okubangela ukuthi ithuluzi lihambe ngendlela engafanele ngesikhathi senqubo yokunyakaza. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokusika i-axial, ukuguga kwe-screw nut kuzokwenza ukuma kwethuluzi ku-axial direction kunganembile, okuholela emaphutheni e-dimensional ubude bengxenye emshinini. Ukuze kuncishiswe lokhu kugqoka, ukugcoba okuhle kwesikulufu kufanele kuqinisekiswe, futhi amafutha okugcoba kufanele ashintshwe njalo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukutholwa okuqondile okujwayelekile kwesikulufu sebhola kufanele kwenziwe, futhi lapho ukugqokwa kudlula ibanga elivumelekile, amabheringi noma amantongomane kufanele ashintshwe ngesikhathi.
Ukugcotshwa Okungenele phakathi kweScrew neNuthi: Ukuthambisa okunganele kuzonyusa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwesikulufu namantongomane, kungasheshi nje ukuguga kwezingxenye kodwa futhi kubangele ukumelana nokunyakaza okungalingani futhi kuthinte ukunemba komshini. Phakathi nenqubo yokwenza imishini, kungase kwenzeke into ekhasayo, okungukuthi, ithuluzi lizoba nokuphumuza kancane nokugxuma lapho lihamba ngesivinini esiphansi, okwenza ikhwalithi yomshini owenziwe ibe yimbi kakhulu futhi kube nzima ukuqinisekiswa ukunemba kobukhulu. Ngokwemanuwali yokusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini, amafutha okugcoba noma amafutha okugcoba kufanele ahlolwe njalo futhi afakwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isikulufu namantongomane kusesimweni esihle sokuthambisa. Khonamanjalo, imikhiqizo yokugcoba esebenza kahle kakhulu ingakhethwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokugcoba nokunciphisa ukungqubuzana.
Izici zikagesi
I-Servo Motor Failure: Ukwehluleka kwe-servo motor kuzothinta ngqo ukulawulwa kokunyakaza kwethuluzi. Isibonelo, isekethe emfishane noma isekethe evulekile yokuphenduka kwenjini kuzodala ukuthi injini ingakwazi ukusebenza ngendlela evamile noma ibe netorque engazinzile, okwenza ithuluzi lingakwazi ukuhamba ngokuya nge-trajectory enqunywe kusengaphambili futhi kubangele amaphutha obukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehluleka kwesishumeki senjini kuzothinta ukunemba kwesiginali yempendulo yesikhundla, okubangele isistimu yokulawula ithuluzi lomshini ukuthi ingakwazi ukulawula ngokunembile indawo yethuluzi. Ukugcinwa okuvamile kwe-servo motor kufanele kwenziwe, okuhlanganisa ukuhlola amapharamitha kagesi enjini, ukuhlanza isiphephetha-moya sokupholisa semoto, nokuthola isimo sokusebenza sesishumeki sekhodi, njll., ukuze kutholwe ngesikhathi futhi kuqedwe izingozi ezingaba khona zamaphutha.
I-Servo Motor Failure: Ukwehluleka kwe-servo motor kuzothinta ngqo ukulawulwa kokunyakaza kwethuluzi. Isibonelo, isekethe emfishane noma isekethe evulekile yokuphenduka kwenjini kuzodala ukuthi injini ingakwazi ukusebenza ngendlela evamile noma ibe netorque engazinzile, okwenza ithuluzi lingakwazi ukuhamba ngokuya nge-trajectory enqunywe kusengaphambili futhi kubangele amaphutha obukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehluleka kwesishumeki senjini kuzothinta ukunemba kwesiginali yempendulo yesikhundla, okubangele isistimu yokulawula ithuluzi lomshini ukuthi ingakwazi ukulawula ngokunembile indawo yethuluzi. Ukugcinwa okuvamile kwe-servo motor kufanele kwenziwe, okuhlanganisa ukuhlola amapharamitha kagesi enjini, ukuhlanza isiphephetha-moya sokupholisa semoto, nokuthola isimo sokusebenza sesishumeki sekhodi, njll., ukuze kutholwe ngesikhathi futhi kuqedwe izingozi ezingaba khona zamaphutha.
Ukungcola Ngaphakathi Kwesikali Sokugawula: Isikali sokugaya siyinzwa ebalulekile esetshenziswa esikhungweni somshini ukuze kulinganiswe indawo nokunyakaza kokunyakaza kwethuluzi. Uma kukhona ukungcola ngaphakathi kwesikali sokugaya, kuzothinta ukunemba kokufundwa kwesikali sokugaya, ngaleyo ndlela kwenze isistimu yokulawula ithuluzi lomshini ithole ulwazi lwendawo engalungile futhi kubangele ukuchezuka kobukhulu bomshini. Isibonelo, lapho kwenziwa amasistimu wembobo yokunemba okuphezulu, ngenxa yephutha lesikali sokugaya, ukunemba kwesikhundla semigodi kungase kudlule ukubekezelelana. Ukuhlanza njalo nokugcinwa kwesikali sokugaya kufanele kwenziwe, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuhlanza akhethekile kanye nezihlanzi, futhi kulandele izinqubo zokusebenza ezifanele ukugwema ukulimaza isikali sokugaya.
Ukuhluleka kwe-Servo Amplifier: Umsebenzi we-servo amplifier ukukhulisa isignali yomyalo ekhishwe uhlelo lokulawula bese ushayela i-servo motor ukuze isebenze. Uma isikhulisi se-servo sihluleka, njengalapho ishubhu lamandla lonakalisiwe noma isici sokukhulisa singajwayelekile, kuzokwenza injini ye-servo isebenze ngokungazinzile, kuthinte ukunemba komshini. Isibonelo, kungabangela isivinini semoto ukuthi siguquguquke, kwenze izinga lokuphakelayo kwethuluzi phakathi nenqubo yokusika lingalingani, kukhuphule ubulukhuni bengxenye emshinini, futhi kunciphise ukunemba kobukhulu. Ithuluzi lomshini eliphelele lokuthola amaphutha kagesi kanye nendlela yokulungisa kufanele isungulwe, futhi izisebenzi ezichwepheshile zokulungisa ugesi kufanele zihlonyiselwe ukuxilonga ngesikhathi nokulungisa amaphutha ezingxenyeni zikagesi njenge-servo amplifier.
IV. Isiphetho
Kunezici eziningi ezithinta ukunemba kwe-machining dimensional yezikhungo zomshini. Izinto ezigwemekayo njengezinqubo zokwenza imishini, izibalo zezinombolo ezinhlelweni, izici zokusika, kanye nokuhlelwa kwamathuluzi kungalawulwa ngempumelelo ngokuthuthukisa izikimu zenqubo, ukuthuthukisa amazinga ohlelo, ukukhetha ngokunengqondo imingcele yokusika, kanye nokusetha ngokunembile amathuluzi. Izinto ezingenakuvinjelwa ezifana ne-workpiece cooling deformation kanye nokuzinza kwethuluzi lomshini ngokwalo, nakuba kunzima ukuqeda ngokuphelele, zingancishiswa kumthelela wazo ekunembeni komshini ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezinengqondo zenqubo ezifana nokusetshenziswa kokupholisa, ukugcinwa okuvamile nokutholwa kwamaphutha kanye nokulungiswa kwethuluzi lomshini. Enqubweni yangempela yokukhiqiza, o-opharetha kanye nabaphathi bezobuchwepheshe bezikhungo zemishini kufanele baqonde ngokugcwele lezi zici ezinethonya futhi bathathe izinyathelo ezihlosiwe zokuvimbela nokulawula ukuze baqhubeke bethuthukisa ukunemba kobukhulu bomshini bezikhungo zomshini, baqinisekise ukuthi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ihlangabezana nezidingo, futhi ithuthukise ukuncintisana kwemakethe yamabhizinisi.
Kunezici eziningi ezithinta ukunemba kwe-machining dimensional yezikhungo zomshini. Izinto ezigwemekayo njengezinqubo zokwenza imishini, izibalo zezinombolo ezinhlelweni, izici zokusika, kanye nokuhlelwa kwamathuluzi kungalawulwa ngempumelelo ngokuthuthukisa izikimu zenqubo, ukuthuthukisa amazinga ohlelo, ukukhetha ngokunengqondo imingcele yokusika, kanye nokusetha ngokunembile amathuluzi. Izinto ezingenakuvinjelwa ezifana ne-workpiece cooling deformation kanye nokuzinza kwethuluzi lomshini ngokwalo, nakuba kunzima ukuqeda ngokuphelele, zingancishiswa kumthelela wazo ekunembeni komshini ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezinengqondo zenqubo ezifana nokusetshenziswa kokupholisa, ukugcinwa okuvamile nokutholwa kwamaphutha kanye nokulungiswa kwethuluzi lomshini. Enqubweni yangempela yokukhiqiza, o-opharetha kanye nabaphathi bezobuchwepheshe bezikhungo zemishini kufanele baqonde ngokugcwele lezi zici ezinethonya futhi bathathe izinyathelo ezihlosiwe zokuvimbela nokulawula ukuze baqhubeke bethuthukisa ukunemba kobukhulu bomshini bezikhungo zomshini, baqinisekise ukuthi ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ihlangabezana nezidingo, futhi ithuthukise ukuncintisana kwemakethe yamabhizinisi.