"Umehluko kanye nezinzuzo phakathi kwamathuluzi womshini we-CNC kanye namathuluzi omshini ajwayelekile"
Emkhakheni wanamuhla wokucubungula imishini, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izinombolo kanye namathuluzi omshini we-CNC athatha isikhundla esibalulekile. Ngomqondo olula, ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC liyithuluzi lomshini elivamile elinesistimu yokulawula izinombolo engeziwe, kodwa empeleni, ingaphezu kwalokho. Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izinombolo yimishini yokucubungula ethuthuke kakhulu esetshenziswa embonini yokucubungula imishini, ehlanganisa izigaba eziningi ezifana ne-CNC lathes, imishini yokugaya i-CNC, imishini ye-CNC eyisicefe neyokugaya, izikhungo ze-CNC gantry machining, kanye ne-CNC wire cut.
I. Umqondo wobuchwepheshe bokulawula izinombolo kanye namathuluzi omshini we-CNC
Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izinombolo ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu zohlelo lwedijithali ukulawula inqubo yokwenza imishini yamathuluzi ngamakhompyutha. Njengomshini wokwenza imishini, amathuluzi omshini angakwazi ukuzenzela amathuluzi omshini ngokwawo futhi ahlanganise nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuwenza ezifana nokujika, ukugaya, ukuhlela, ukugaya, ukubhora, ukubhoboza, inhlansi kagesi, ukugunda, ukugoba, nokusika i-laser. Inhloso yokucubungula ngomshini ukucubungula izingxenye zensimbi ezingenalutho zibe yizimo ezidingekayo, okuhlanganisa izici ezimbili: ukunemba kobukhulu kanye nokunemba kwejometri. Izinto ezikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi engenhla zibizwa ngokuthi ithuluzi lomshini. Ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC iyithuluzi lomshini ozenzakalelayo elinembayo eliphezulu nelisebenza kahle kakhulu elakhiwe kusukela ethuluzini lomshini elijwayelekile. “Ukulawula izinombolo” kusho ukulawulwa kwedijithali. Ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC iyithuluzi lomshini elizenzakalelayo elifakwe uhlelo lokulawula uhlelo. Lolu hlelo lungakwazi ukucubungula izinhlelo ezicaciswe amakhodi okulawula noma ezinye iziqondiso ezingokomfanekiso bese liziqopha ukuze ithuluzi lomshini likwazi ukunyakaza futhi licubungule izingxenye. Iyunithi yokulawula yethuluzi lomshini we-CNC iwumgogodla wayo. Ukusebenza nokuqapha kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC konke kuqediwe kule yunithi yokulawula izinombolo. Kufana nobuchopho bethuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Imishini yokulawula izinombolo esivame ukubhekisela kuyo ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa amalebula e-CNC nezikhungo zokwenza imishini.
Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula izinombolo ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu zohlelo lwedijithali ukulawula inqubo yokwenza imishini yamathuluzi ngamakhompyutha. Njengomshini wokwenza imishini, amathuluzi omshini angakwazi ukuzenzela amathuluzi omshini ngokwawo futhi ahlanganise nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuwenza ezifana nokujika, ukugaya, ukuhlela, ukugaya, ukubhora, ukubhoboza, inhlansi kagesi, ukugunda, ukugoba, nokusika i-laser. Inhloso yokucubungula ngomshini ukucubungula izingxenye zensimbi ezingenalutho zibe yizimo ezidingekayo, okuhlanganisa izici ezimbili: ukunemba kobukhulu kanye nokunemba kwejometri. Izinto ezikwazi ukwenza imisebenzi engenhla zibizwa ngokuthi ithuluzi lomshini. Ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC iyithuluzi lomshini ozenzakalelayo elinembayo eliphezulu nelisebenza kahle kakhulu elakhiwe kusukela ethuluzini lomshini elijwayelekile. “Ukulawula izinombolo” kusho ukulawulwa kwedijithali. Ithuluzi lomshini we-CNC iyithuluzi lomshini elizenzakalelayo elifakwe uhlelo lokulawula uhlelo. Lolu hlelo lungakwazi ukucubungula izinhlelo ezicaciswe amakhodi okulawula noma ezinye iziqondiso ezingokomfanekiso bese liziqopha ukuze ithuluzi lomshini likwazi ukunyakaza futhi licubungule izingxenye. Iyunithi yokulawula yethuluzi lomshini we-CNC iwumgogodla wayo. Ukusebenza nokuqapha kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC konke kuqediwe kule yunithi yokulawula izinombolo. Kufana nobuchopho bethuluzi lomshini we-CNC. Imishini yokulawula izinombolo esivame ukubhekisela kuyo ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa amalebula e-CNC nezikhungo zokwenza imishini.
II. Umehluko phakathi kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC namathuluzi omshini ojwayelekile
(1) Ukusebenza kahle kwemishini
Thuthukisa kakhulu ukukhiqiza
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angathuthukisa kakhulu ukukhiqiza. Ngemuva kokuthi i-workpiece iboshiwe, faka uhlelo lomshini oluhlelwe ngaphambilini, futhi ithuluzi lomshini lizoqedela ngokuzenzakalelayo inqubo yokwenza imishini. Uma ingxenye eyenziwe ngomshini ishintsha, ngokuvamile uhlelo lokulawula izinombolo kuphela oludinga ukushintshwa, okufinyeza kakhulu isikhathi somshini. Uma kuqhathaniswa namathuluzi omshini ajwayelekile, ukukhiqiza kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kungandiswa izikhathi ezimbalwa noma ngaphezulu. Enqubweni yokwenza amathuluzi omshini ojwayelekile, ukusebenza okuvamile nokulungiswa kuvame ukudingeka, futhi isivinini somshini sihamba kancane. Ngenkathi amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angakwazi ukufeza ukuqhutshwa kwemishini okuqhubekayo nokuzenzakalelayo, ukunciphisa ukumiswa kanye nesikhathi sokulinda enqubweni yomshini, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
(2) Ukunemba komshini
Ukunemba kwemishini ephezulu kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezinzile
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC anokunemba okuphezulu kwemishini kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezinzile kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amathuluzi omshini we-CNC enziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokwezinhlelo, futhi ukunemba komshini kungabuye kulungiswe futhi kunxeshezelwe isofthiwe. Cishe yonke imikhiqizo enembayo ephezulu, eyinkimbinkimbi, nesezingeni eliphezulu emabhizinisini ahlukahlukene iyacutshungulwa futhi yenziwe kusetshenziswa amathuluzi omshini we-CNC. Ukunemba komshini kwamathuluzi omshini ovamile kuthintwa izici eziningi ezifana neleveli yobuchwepheshe yesisebenzisi kanye nokuzinza okunembayo kwethuluzi lomshini, okwenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa izimfuneko zokunemba okuphezulu. Ngokulawula okunembayo kwesistimu yokulawula izinombolo, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angafinyelela ukunemba kwemishini ye-micrometer-leveli ephezulu, iqinisekisa ukuthi ukunemba kobukhulu nokunemba kwejiyomethri yemikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile.
(3) Iziqu ze-automation
Izinga eliphakeme lokuzenzakalela linciphisa umfutho wabasebenzi
Izinga lokuzenzakalela kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC liphezulu, linciphisa kakhulu izinga labasebenzi futhi ngokwezinga elikhulu lifiphalisa umehluko phakathi kokusebenza ngokomzimba nokusebenza kwengqondo. Ekusebenzeni kwamathuluzi omshini ojwayelekile, opharetha badinga ukwenza inombolo enkulu yokusebenza mathupha okufana namathuluzi okulungisa, isivinini sokuphakelayo, nokulawula inqubo yokwenza imishini, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu. Ngenkathi kumathuluzi omshini we-CNC, u-opharetha kuphela odinga ukufaka izinhlelo futhi enze ukuqapha okudingekayo, futhi ithuluzi lomshini lingaqedela ngokuzenzakalelayo inqubo yokwenza imishini. Inqubo yokusebenza yabasebenzisi bethuluzi lomshini we-CNC inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe, futhi inezidingo eziphakeme zekhwalithi yabaqhubi kanye nezidingo eziphakeme zobuchwepheshe zabasebenzi abalungisayo. Abantu abakwazi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi omshini we-CNC babizwa ngokuthi “amakhola ampunga”; abantu abaqonda ukugcinwa kwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC babizwa ngokuthi "amakholomu esiliva"; futhi abantu abakwazi kokubili ukusebenza futhi baqonde ukunakekelwa futhi banamakhono azungezile ekulawuleni izinombolo babizwa ngokuthi "amakholomu egolide".
(1) Ukusebenza kahle kwemishini
Thuthukisa kakhulu ukukhiqiza
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angathuthukisa kakhulu ukukhiqiza. Ngemuva kokuthi i-workpiece iboshiwe, faka uhlelo lomshini oluhlelwe ngaphambilini, futhi ithuluzi lomshini lizoqedela ngokuzenzakalelayo inqubo yokwenza imishini. Uma ingxenye eyenziwe ngomshini ishintsha, ngokuvamile uhlelo lokulawula izinombolo kuphela oludinga ukushintshwa, okufinyeza kakhulu isikhathi somshini. Uma kuqhathaniswa namathuluzi omshini ajwayelekile, ukukhiqiza kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kungandiswa izikhathi ezimbalwa noma ngaphezulu. Enqubweni yokwenza amathuluzi omshini ojwayelekile, ukusebenza okuvamile nokulungiswa kuvame ukudingeka, futhi isivinini somshini sihamba kancane. Ngenkathi amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angakwazi ukufeza ukuqhutshwa kwemishini okuqhubekayo nokuzenzakalelayo, ukunciphisa ukumiswa kanye nesikhathi sokulinda enqubweni yomshini, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
(2) Ukunemba komshini
Ukunemba kwemishini ephezulu kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezinzile
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC anokunemba okuphezulu kwemishini kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezinzile kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amathuluzi omshini we-CNC enziwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokwezinhlelo, futhi ukunemba komshini kungabuye kulungiswe futhi kunxeshezelwe isofthiwe. Cishe yonke imikhiqizo enembayo ephezulu, eyinkimbinkimbi, nesezingeni eliphezulu emabhizinisini ahlukahlukene iyacutshungulwa futhi yenziwe kusetshenziswa amathuluzi omshini we-CNC. Ukunemba komshini kwamathuluzi omshini ovamile kuthintwa izici eziningi ezifana neleveli yobuchwepheshe yesisebenzisi kanye nokuzinza okunembayo kwethuluzi lomshini, okwenza kube nzima ukuqinisekisa izimfuneko zokunemba okuphezulu. Ngokulawula okunembayo kwesistimu yokulawula izinombolo, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angafinyelela ukunemba kwemishini ye-micrometer-leveli ephezulu, iqinisekisa ukuthi ukunemba kobukhulu nokunemba kwejiyomethri yemikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile.
(3) Iziqu ze-automation
Izinga eliphakeme lokuzenzakalela linciphisa umfutho wabasebenzi
Izinga lokuzenzakalela kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC liphezulu, linciphisa kakhulu izinga labasebenzi futhi ngokwezinga elikhulu lifiphalisa umehluko phakathi kokusebenza ngokomzimba nokusebenza kwengqondo. Ekusebenzeni kwamathuluzi omshini ojwayelekile, opharetha badinga ukwenza inombolo enkulu yokusebenza mathupha okufana namathuluzi okulungisa, isivinini sokuphakelayo, nokulawula inqubo yokwenza imishini, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu. Ngenkathi kumathuluzi omshini we-CNC, u-opharetha kuphela odinga ukufaka izinhlelo futhi enze ukuqapha okudingekayo, futhi ithuluzi lomshini lingaqedela ngokuzenzakalelayo inqubo yokwenza imishini. Inqubo yokusebenza yabasebenzisi bethuluzi lomshini we-CNC inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe, futhi inezidingo eziphakeme zekhwalithi yabaqhubi kanye nezidingo eziphakeme zobuchwepheshe zabasebenzi abalungisayo. Abantu abakwazi ukusebenzisa amathuluzi omshini we-CNC babizwa ngokuthi “amakhola ampunga”; abantu abaqonda ukugcinwa kwethuluzi lomshini we-CNC babizwa ngokuthi "amakholomu esiliva"; futhi abantu abakwazi kokubili ukusebenza futhi baqonde ukunakekelwa futhi banamakhono azungezile ekulawuleni izinombolo babizwa ngokuthi "amakholomu egolide".
III. Izinzuzo zamathuluzi omshini we-CNC
(1) Zijwayeze ekukhiqizeni okuhlukahlukene kanye namaqoqo amancane
Ngokuhlukahluka kwesidingo semakethe, ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kanye namaqoqo amancane sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqiza yesimanje. Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angashintsha ngokushesha uhlelo lomshini lwezingxenye ukuze luvumelane nezidingo zemishini yezingxenye ezahlukene ngaphandle kwesidingo sokulungiswa kwethuluzi lomshini eliyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezinguquko zamathuluzi. Lokhu kunikeza amathuluzi omshini we-CNC izinzuzo ezisobala ekukhiqizeni okuhlukahlukene kanye namaqoqo amancane, okunganciphisa kakhulu umjikelezo wokukhiqiza futhi kunciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza.
(2) Ikhono eliqinile lokucubungula izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi
Kwezinye izingxenye ezinobumo obuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC anamandla okucubungula aqinile. Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angafinyelela ukucutshungulwa okunembayo okuphezulu kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ngobuchwepheshe obunjengokuxhumana kwama-eksisi amaningi kanye nokulawula indlela yamathuluzi eyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho amathuluzi omshini ojwayelekile ecubungula izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, izinqubo eziningi kanye nama-clamping amaningi ngokuvamile ayadingeka, okwenza ukucubungula kube nzima kanye nokunemba kokuqinisekisa.
(3) Thuthukisa ukuhambisana kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC anokunemba okuphezulu kwemishini nokuzinza okuhle, okungaqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ekukhiqizeni inqwaba, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angaqinisekisa ukuthi ukunemba kobukhulu kanye nokunemba kwejiyomethri kwengxenye ngayinye kungaphakathi kwebanga lokulawula eliqinile, ukugwema ukuhluka kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo okubangelwa izici zomuntu kanye nokunemba kwethuluzi lomshini elingazinzile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ngcono ukuncintisana kwemakethe kwemikhiqizo.
(4) Ukwenza kube lula ukufezekiswa kokwaziswa kokuphathwa kokukhiqiza
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angaxhunywa kumanethiwekhi wekhompiyutha ukuze abone ukwaziswa kokuphathwa kokukhiqiza. Ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana sohlelo lokulawula izinombolo, ulwazi olufana nesimo sokusebenza kanye nenqubekelaphambili yemishini yethuluzi lomshini kungadluliselwa ohlelweni lokuphatha ukukhiqiza ngesikhathi sangempela, kube lula ukuhlela ukukhiqiza nokuqapha izinga ngabaphathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphathwa nokudluliselwa kwezinhlelo zokulawula izinombolo kungenziwa futhi ngenethiwekhi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nezinga lokuphatha.
(1) Zijwayeze ekukhiqizeni okuhlukahlukene kanye namaqoqo amancane
Ngokuhlukahluka kwesidingo semakethe, ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi kanye namaqoqo amancane sekuyingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqiza yesimanje. Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angashintsha ngokushesha uhlelo lomshini lwezingxenye ukuze luvumelane nezidingo zemishini yezingxenye ezahlukene ngaphandle kwesidingo sokulungiswa kwethuluzi lomshini eliyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezinguquko zamathuluzi. Lokhu kunikeza amathuluzi omshini we-CNC izinzuzo ezisobala ekukhiqizeni okuhlukahlukene kanye namaqoqo amancane, okunganciphisa kakhulu umjikelezo wokukhiqiza futhi kunciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza.
(2) Ikhono eliqinile lokucubungula izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi
Kwezinye izingxenye ezinobumo obuyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezidingo zokunemba okuphezulu, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC anamandla okucubungula aqinile. Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angafinyelela ukucutshungulwa okunembayo okuphezulu kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ngobuchwepheshe obunjengokuxhumana kwama-eksisi amaningi kanye nokulawula indlela yamathuluzi eyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho amathuluzi omshini ojwayelekile ecubungula izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, izinqubo eziningi kanye nama-clamping amaningi ngokuvamile ayadingeka, okwenza ukucubungula kube nzima kanye nokunemba kokuqinisekisa.
(3) Thuthukisa ukuhambisana kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC anokunemba okuphezulu kwemishini nokuzinza okuhle, okungaqinisekisa ukuvumelana kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ekukhiqizeni inqwaba, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angaqinisekisa ukuthi ukunemba kobukhulu kanye nokunemba kwejiyomethri kwengxenye ngayinye kungaphakathi kwebanga lokulawula eliqinile, ukugwema ukuhluka kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo okubangelwa izici zomuntu kanye nokunemba kwethuluzi lomshini elingazinzile. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ngcono ukuncintisana kwemakethe kwemikhiqizo.
(4) Ukwenza kube lula ukufezekiswa kokwaziswa kokuphathwa kokukhiqiza
Amathuluzi omshini we-CNC angaxhunywa kumanethiwekhi wekhompiyutha ukuze abone ukwaziswa kokuphathwa kokukhiqiza. Ngokusebenzisa isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana sohlelo lokulawula izinombolo, ulwazi olufana nesimo sokusebenza kanye nenqubekelaphambili yemishini yethuluzi lomshini kungadluliselwa ohlelweni lokuphatha ukukhiqiza ngesikhathi sangempela, kube lula ukuhlela ukukhiqiza nokuqapha izinga ngabaphathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphathwa nokudluliselwa kwezinhlelo zokulawula izinombolo kungenziwa futhi ngenethiwekhi, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nezinga lokuphatha.
IV. Isiphetho
Kafushane, uma kuqhathaniswa namathuluzi omshini ojwayelekile, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC anezinzuzo ezibalulekile mayelana nokusebenza kahle kwemishini, ukunemba komshini, kanye nezinga lokuzenzakalelayo. Ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kuye kwakhuthaza kakhulu inqubekelaphambili yemboni yokucubungula imishini futhi kwanikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza kwesimanje. Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kuzoqhubeka nokuba ngcono, futhi uhla lwezicelo nalo luzoqhubeka nokukhula. Embonini yokukhiqiza yesikhathi esizayo, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC azoqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile futhi abe enye yemishini ebalulekile yokuqaphela ukukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile.
Kafushane, uma kuqhathaniswa namathuluzi omshini ojwayelekile, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC anezinzuzo ezibalulekile mayelana nokusebenza kahle kwemishini, ukunemba komshini, kanye nezinga lokuzenzakalelayo. Ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kuye kwakhuthaza kakhulu inqubekelaphambili yemboni yokucubungula imishini futhi kwanikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kokuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza kwesimanje. Ngokuqhubeka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kwamathuluzi omshini we-CNC kuzoqhubeka nokuba ngcono, futhi uhla lwezicelo nalo luzoqhubeka nokukhula. Embonini yokukhiqiza yesikhathi esizayo, amathuluzi omshini we-CNC azoqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile futhi abe enye yemishini ebalulekile yokuqaphela ukukhiqiza okuhlakaniphile.