Ingabe uyayazi incazelo yokwehluleka kwethuluzi lomshini wokulawula izinombolo kanye nesimiso sokubala sokuhluleka?

I. Incazelo Yokwehluleka
Njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile embonini yesimanje yokukhiqiza, ukusebenza okuzinzile kwamathuluzi omshini wokulawula izinombolo kubaluleke kakhulu. Okulandelayo izincazelo ezinemininingwane yokwehluleka okuhlukahlukene kwamathuluzi omshini wokulawula izinombolo:

1. Ukwehluleka
   Uma ithuluzi lomshini wokulawula izinombolo lilahlekelwa umsebenzi walo oshiwo noma inkomba yalo yokusebenza idlula umkhawulo oshiwo, kwenzeke ukwehluleka. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini alikwazi ngokuvamile ukwenza imisebenzi yokucubungula ehleliwe, noma kunezimo ezifana nokuncipha kokunemba kanye nesivinini esingavamile phakathi nokucubungula, ezithinta ikhwalithi nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo. Isibonelo, lapho ucubungula izingxenye ezinembayo, uma ukunemba kokumiswa kwethuluzi lomshini wokulawula izinombolo kuncipha ngokuzumayo, okuholela ekutheni usayizi wengxenye udlule ububanzi bokubekezelelana, kunganqunywa ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini linokwehluleka.
2. Ukwehluleka Okuhlobene
   Ukwehluleka okudalwe iphutha lekhwalithi yethuluzi lomshini ngokwalo lapho ithuluzi lomshini wokulawula izinombolo lisetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kubizwa ngokuthi ukwehluleka okuhlobene. Lokhu kuvame ukubangelwa izinkinga ekwakhiweni, ekukhiqizeni noma ekuhlanganiseni ithuluzi lomshini, okuholela ekuhlulekeni ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa okuvamile. Isibonelo, uma idizayini yezingxenye zokudlulisela zethuluzi lomshini kungenangqondo futhi ukuguga ngokweqile kwenzeka ngemva kokusebenza kwesikhathi eside, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukunemba nokuzinza kwethuluzi lomshini, lokhu kungokwahluleka okuhlobene.
3. Ukwehluleka Okungahlotshaniswa
   Ukwehluleka okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kabi, ukulungiswa okungalungile noma ezinye izici zangaphandle ngaphandle kokwehluleka okuhlobene kubizwa ngokuthi ukwehluleka okungahlobene. Ukusebenzisa kabi kungase kuhlanganise ama-opharetha angasebenzi ngokuvumelana nezinqubo zokusebenza, njengokulayisha ngokweqile ithuluzi lomshini nokusetha imingcele yokucubungula okungalungile. Ukunakekela okungalungile kungase kube ukusetshenziswa kwezisekeli ezingafanele noma izindlela phakathi nenqubo yokulungisa, okuholela ekuhlulekeni okusha kwethuluzi lomshini. Izinto zangaphandle zingase zihlanganise ukushintshashintsha kwamandla, amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu noma aphansi emvelo, ukudlidliza, njll. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuduma kwezulu, uma isistimu yokulawula yethuluzi lomshini yonakaliswa ngenxa yokushaywa kombani, lokhu kungokwehluleka okungahlobene.
4. Ukwehluleka Kwesikhashana
   Ukwehluleka kwethuluzi lomshini wokulawula izinombolo elingabuyisela umsebenzi walo noma inkomba yokusebenza phakathi nesikhathi esilinganiselwe ngaphandle kokulungiswa kubizwa ngokuthi ukwehluleka kwezikhawu. Lolu hlobo lokwehluleka aluqiniseki futhi lungenzeka kaningi phakathi nenkathi ethile noma lungenzeki isikhathi eside. Ukwenzeka kokwehluleka kwezikhawu ngokuvamile kuhlobene nezici ezifana nokusebenza okungazinzile kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi nokuthintana kabi. Isibonelo, uma ithuluzi lomshini liba yiqhwa kungazelelwe phakathi nokusebenza kodwa lingasebenza ngokujwayelekile ngemva kokuqala kabusha, lesi simo singase sibe ukwehluleka kwezikhawu.
5. Ukwehluleka Okubulalayo
   Ukwehluleka okufaka engozini kakhulu ukuphepha komuntu siqu noma okubangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho kubizwa ngokuthi ukwehluleka okubulalayo. Uma lolu hlobo lokwehluleka lwenzekile, imiphumela ngokuvamile iba mibi kakhulu. Isibonelo, uma ithuluzi lomshini liqhuma ngokuzumayo noma livutha umlilo phakathi nokusebenza, noma uma ukwehluleka kwethuluzi lomshini kubangela ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo ecutshunguliwe ikhishwe, okubangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho, konke lokhu kungokwehluleka okubulalayo.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa nokubalwa kokwehluleka okuhlobene nokungahlobene
   Ukwehluleka ngakunye kwethuluzi lomshini wokulawula izinombolo kufanele kufakwe kusigaba njengokwehluleka okuhlobene noma ukwehluleka okungahlobene. Uma kuwukwehluleka okuhlobene, ukwehluleka ngakunye kubalwa njengokwehluleka okukodwa; ukwehluleka okungahlobene akufanele kubalwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwehluleka okuhambisanayo kubonisa izinkinga zekhwalithi yethuluzi lomshini ngokwalo, kuyilapho ukwehluleka okungahlobene kubangelwa izici zangaphandle futhi akukwazi ukubonisa ileveli yokwethembeka yethuluzi lomshini. Isibonelo, uma ithuluzi lomshini lishayisana ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle komsebenzisi, lokhu ukwehluleka okungahlobene futhi akufanele kufakwe enanini eliphelele lokwehluleka; uma ithuluzi lomshini lingakwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile ngenxa yokwehluleka kwehadiwe yesistimu yokulawula, lokhu ukwehluleka okuhlobene futhi kufanele kubalwe njengokuhluleka okukodwa.
2. Ukubalwa kokwehluleka ngemisebenzi eminingi elahlekile
   Uma imisebenzi embalwa yethuluzi lomshini ilahleka noma inkomba yokusebenza idlula umkhawulo oshiwo, futhi ayikwazi ukuqinisekiswa ukuthi ibangelwa isizathu esifanayo, khona-ke into ngayinye yahlulelwa njengokuhluleka kwethuluzi lomshini. Uma kubangelwa isizathu esifanayo, kwahlulelwa ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini likhiqiza ukwehluleka okukodwa kuphela. Isibonelo, uma ithuluzi lokuphotha lomshini lingakwazi ukuzungezisa kanye nesistimu yokuphakelayo nayo ihluleka. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, kutholakala ukuthi kubangelwa ukwehluleka kwamandla. Khona-ke lokhu kwehluleka okubili kufanele kwahlulelwe njengokwehluleka okukodwa; uma ngemuva kokuhlolwa, kutholakala ukuthi ukwehluleka kwe-spindle kubangelwa ukulimala kwe-spindle motor, futhi ukwehluleka kwesistimu yokuphakelayo kubangelwa ukugqoka kwezingxenye zokudlulisela. Khona-ke lokhu kwehluleka okubili kufanele kubhekwe njengokuhluleka okubili kwethuluzi lomshini ngokulandelanayo.
3. Ukubalwa kokwehluleka ngezizathu eziningi
   Uma umsebenzi wethuluzi lomshini ulahlekile noma inkomba yokusebenza idlula umkhawulo oshiwo, futhi ibangelwa izimbangela zokwehluleka ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezizimele, inani lezimbangela zokwehluleka okuzimele libhekwa njengenombolo yokwehluleka kwethuluzi lomshini. Isibonelo, uma ukunemba komshini wethuluzi lomshini kuncipha. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa, kutholakala ukuthi kubangelwa izizathu ezimbili ezizimele: ukugqoka kwamathuluzi kanye nokuguqulwa kwesitimela somhlahlandlela wamathuluzi womshini. Khona-ke lokhu kufanele kuthathwe njengokuhluleka okubili kwethuluzi lomshini.
4. Ukubalwa kokwehluleka kwezikhawu
   Uma imodi efanayo yokwehluleka kwezikhawu ezithile yenzeka izikhathi eziningi engxenyeni efanayo yethuluzi lomshini, ihlulelwa kuphela njengokuhluleka okukodwa kwethuluzi lomshini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukwenzeka kokwehluleka kwezikhawu akuqinisekile futhi kungase kubangelwe inkinga efanayo ewumsuka. Isibonelo, uma isikrini sokubonisa sethuluzi lomshini sivame ukucwayiza, kodwa ngemva kokuhlolwa, akukho ukwehluleka okusobala kwehadiwe okutholakalayo. Kulokhu, uma into efanayo elokozayo yenzeka izikhathi eziningi phakathi nenkathi yesikhathi, kufanele yahlulelwe njengokuhluleka okukodwa kuphela.
5. Ukubalwa kokuhluleka kwezesekeli kanye nezingxenye zokugqoka
   Ukushintshwa kwezinsiza kanye nezingxenye zokugqoka ezifinyelela impilo yesevisi eshiwo kanye nomonakalo obangelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile akubalwa njengokwehluleka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izesekeli nezingxenye zokugqoka zizoguga kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Ukushintshwa kwazo kuwukuziphatha okuvamile kokunakekela futhi akufanele kufakwe enanini eliphelele lokwehluleka. Isibonelo, uma ithuluzi lethuluzi lomshini lidinga ukushintshwa ngemuva kokusetshenziswa isikhathi esithile ngenxa yokuguga, lokhu akukona okokwehluleka; kodwa uma ithuluzi liphuka ngokuzumayo phakathi kwempilo evamile yesevisi, lokhu kungokwahluleka.
6. Ukuphatha ukwehluleka okubulalayo
   Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka okubulalayo ethuluzini lomshini futhi kuwukwehluleka okuhlobene, kuzothathwa ngokushesha njengokungafaneleki ekuthembekeni. Ukwenzeka kokwehluleka okubulalayo kubonisa ukuthi kunezingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha noma izinkinga zekhwalithi ethuluzini lomshini. Idinga ukumiswa ngokushesha futhi ukuhlolwa okuphelele nokugcinwa kufanele kwenziwe. Ekuhlolweni kokwethembeka, ukwehluleka okubulalayo kuvame ukubhekwa njengezinto ezingathi sína ezingafanelekile futhi kunomthelela omkhulu ekuhlolweni kokwethembeka kwethuluzi lomshini.
   Sengiphetha, ukuqonda ngokunembile nokulandela incazelo nokubala izimiso zokwehluleka kwamathuluzi omshini wokulawula izinombolo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukwethembeka kwamathuluzi omshini, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokukhiqiza nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza. Ngezibalo ezinembile nokuhlaziya ukwehluleka, izinkinga ezikhona kumathuluzi omshini zingatholwa ngesikhathi, futhi izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ezisebenzayo zingathathwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza nekhwalithi yamathuluzi omshini.