Ukuhlaziywa Okubanzi Kwezindlela Zokusetha Ithuluzi Ezikhungweni Zomshini ze-CNC
Emhlabeni wokwenza imishini ngokunemba ezikhungweni zemishini ye-CNC, ukunemba kokulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi kufana netshe legumbi lesakhiwo, okunquma ngokuqondile ukunemba komshini kanye nekhwalithi yesiqeshana somsebenzi wokugcina. Izindlela zokusethwa kwamathuluzi ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezikhungweni zokumba nokuthepha kanye nezikhungo zomshini ze-CNC ikakhulukazi zibandakanya ukulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi ngethuluzi lokusetha ngaphambilini, ukulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi okuzenzakalelayo, kanye nokusetha ithuluzi ngokusika isilingo. Phakathi kwazo, ukulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi ngokusikwa kwesilingo kuye kwamukelwa kancane ngenxa yemikhawulo yakhona, kuyilapho ukulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi okuzenzakalelayo nokulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi okunomshini wokusetha ngaphambilini wamathuluzi kube yinsakavukela ngenxa yezinzuzo zakhona.
I. Indlela Yokuhlela Ithuluzi Elizenzakalelayo: Inhlanganisela Ephelele Yokunemba Okuphezulu kanye Nokuphumelela Okuphezulu
Ukulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi okuzenzakalelayo kuncike kusistimu yokutholwa kwamathuluzi ethuthukisiwe efakwe esikhungweni semishini ye-CNC. Lolu hlelo lufana “nenkosi yokulinganisa ithuluzi” enembile, ekwazi ukulinganisa ngokunembile ubude bethuluzi ngalinye endaweni ngayinye yokuxhumanisa ngendlela ehlelekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile kwethuluzi lomshini. Isebenzisa izindlela zobuchwepheshe ezithuthukisiwe njengezinzwa ze-laser ezinemba okuphezulu kanye nezitholi ze-infrared. Uma ithuluzi lisondela endaweni yokuthola, lezi zinzwa ezizwelayo zingathwebula ngokushesha izici ezicashile nolwazi lokuma kwethuluzi futhi zizidlulisele ngokushesha ohlelweni lokulawula oluhlakaniphile lwethuluzi lomshini. I-algorithms eyinkimbinkimbi nenembayo esethiwe kusistimu yokulawula ibe seyenziwa isebenze ngokushesha, njengengcweti yezibalo eqedela izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuphazima kweso, ngokushesha nangokunembile ithola inani lokuchezuka phakathi kwendawo yangempela kanye nendawo yethiyori yethuluzi. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, ithuluzi lomshini lilungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo nangokunembile imingcele yesinxephezelo yethuluzi ngokwale miphumela yokubala, okwenza ithuluzi likwazi ukumiswa ngokunembile endaweni ekahle ohlelweni lokuxhumanisa ucezu lokusebenza njengokungathi liqondiswa isandla esingabonakali kodwa esinembe kakhulu.
Izinzuzo zale ndlela yokumisa ithuluzi zibalulekile. Ukunemba kwesilungiselelo sayo samathuluzi kungathathwa njengedili lezinga le-micron noma ukunemba okuphezulu nakakhulu. Njengoba iqeda ngokuphelele ukugxambukela kwezinto ezizimele njengokundindizela kwezandla namaphutha okubukwayo angenakugwemeka enqubweni yokusethwa kwamathuluzi okwenziwa ngesandla, iphutha lokuma kwethuluzi liyancishiswa. Isibonelo, ekwenziweni kwezingxenye ezinembe kakhulu endimeni ye-aerospace, ukulungiselelwa kwethuluzi okuzenzakalelayo kungaqinisekisa ukuthi uma kwenziwa izindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezigobile njengezinsimbi zophephela, iphutha lokuma lilawulwa phakathi kwebanga elincane kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kwephrofayela nekhwalithi yangaphezulu yama-blades futhi kuvumela ukusebenza okuzinzile kwenjini yendiza.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi okuzenzakalelayo nakho kusebenza kahle kakhulu mayelana nokusebenza kahle. Yonke inqubo yokuthola nokulungisa ifana nomshini wokunemba ogijima ngesivinini esikhulu, oqhubeka kahle futhi othatha isikhathi esincane kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nesilungiselelo sethuluzi lendabuko ngokusika isilingo, isikhathi salo sokusetha ithuluzi singafushaniswa izikhathi ezimbalwa noma izikhathi eziningi. Ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi bezinto ezinjengamabhuloki enjini yezimoto, ukulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi okuzenzakalelayo okusebenzayo kunganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwethuluzi lomshini futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zemboni yezimoto zokukhiqiza okusheshayo nokuhlinzekwa ngesikhathi.
Noma kunjalo, isistimu yokusetha ithuluzi elizenzakalelayo ayiphelele. Izindleko zayo zemishini ziphezulu, njengentaba yokutshala imali enkulu, evimbela amabhizinisi amaningi amancane. Kusukela ekuthengweni kwempahla, ukufakwa kuya ekunakekeleni kwakamuva kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesistimu, inani elikhulu lokuxhaswa kwezimali liyadingeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isistimu yokusetha ithuluzi elizenzakalelayo inezidingo eziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinga lobuchwepheshe kanye nekhono lokunakekela labasebenzisi. Ama-opharetha kudingeka abe nokuqonda okujulile kwesimiso sokusebenza sohlelo, izilungiselelo zepharamitha, nezindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga ezivamile, ngokungangabazeki ezibeka inselele ekutshalweni kwethalente nokugcinwa kwamabhizinisi.
II. Ukusetha Ithuluzi Ngedivayisi Yokusetha Ngaphambili Ithuluzi: Ukukhetha Okujwayelekile Kokuba Ngomnotho Nokusebenza
Ukulungiselelwa kwethuluzi ngedivayisi yokusetha ngaphambilini ithuluzi kunesikhundla esibalulekile emkhakheni wokusetha ithuluzi ezikhungweni zokwenza imishini ye-CNC. Ubuhle bayo obukhulu bulele ekulinganiseni okuphelele phakathi komnotho nokusebenza. Ithuluzi lokusetha ngaphambilini lingahlukaniswa libe ithuluzi lokusetha kusengaphambili ithuluzi elingaphakathi emshinini kanye nedivayisi yokusetha kusengaphambili ithuluzi elingaphandle komshini, ngayinye enezici zayo futhi ivikele ngokuhlanganyela ukulungiselelwa okunembile kwamathuluzi kumashini we-CNC.
Inqubo yokusebenza yokusetha ithuluzi ngethuluzi lokusetha ngaphambilini ithuluzi elingaphandle komshini ihlukile. Endaweni enikelwe ngaphandle kwethuluzi lomshini, isisebenzisi sifaka ngokucophelela ithuluzi kudivayisi yokusetha ngaphambilini yethuluzi elingaphandle komshini elilinganiselwe ukunemba okuphezulu kusengaphambili. Idivayisi yokulinganisa enembile ngaphakathi kwethuluzi lokusetha ngaphambilini, njengesistimu ye-probe yokunemba okuphezulu, iqala ukusebenzisa "umlingo" wayo. I-probe ithinta kancane ingxenye ngayinye eyinhloko yethuluzi ngokunemba kweleveli ye-micron, ikala ngokunembile amapharamitha angukhiye afana nobude, irediyasi, kanye nokuma kwejiyometrikhi encane kakhulu yonqenqema lokusika lwethuluzi. Le datha yokulinganisa irekhodwa ngokushesha futhi idluliselwe ohlelweni lokulawula lwethuluzi lomshini. Kamuva, ithuluzi lifakwa kumagazini wamathuluzi noma i-spindle yethuluzi lomshini. Uhlelo lokulawula lwethuluzi lomshini lusetha ngokunembile inani lesinxephezelo sethuluzi ngokuya ngedatha edluliselwe kusuka kudivayisi yokusetha ngaphambilini ithuluzi, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okunembile kwethuluzi phakathi nenqubo yokwenza imishini.
Inzuzo yedivayisi yokusetha kabusha ithuluzi elingaphandle komshini ukuthi ingakwazi ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele isikhathi somshini wethuluzi lomshini. Uma ithuluzi lomshini limatasatasa ngomsebenzi wokwenza imishini, u-opharetha angakwazi kanyekanye ukwenza ukulinganisa nokulinganisa kwethuluzi ngaphandle kwethuluzi lomshini, njenge-symphony yokukhiqiza ehambisanayo nengaphazamisi. Le ndlela yokusebenza ngokuhambisanayo ithuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokusetshenziswa kwethuluzi lomshini futhi inciphisa ukumosha isikhathi enqubweni yokukhiqiza. Isibonelo, ebhizinisini lokukhiqiza isikhunta, ukwenziwa kwesikhunta kuvame ukudinga okunye ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi amaningi. Ithuluzi lokusetha ngaphambilini ithuluzi elingaphandle komshini lingalinganisa futhi lilungiselele ithuluzi elilandelayo kusenesikhathi phakathi nenqubo yomshini wokubumba, okwenza yonke inqubo yomshini ihlangane futhi isebenze kahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukunemba kokulinganisa kwedivayisi yokusetha ngaphambilini ithuluzi elingaphandle komshini kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, ekwazi ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko zokunemba zemishini eminingi evamile, futhi isakhiwo sayo sizimele ngokuqhathaniswa, senza kube lula ukugcinwa nokulinganisa, futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokugcinwa kwemishini yamabhizinisi.
Ukulungiselelwa kwethuluzi ngethuluzi lokusetha ngaphambilini ithuluzi elisemshinini ukubeka ngokuqondile ithuluzi endaweni ethile egxilile ngaphakathi kwethuluzi lomshini ukuze kukale. Uma inqubo yokwenza imishini yethuluzi lomshini idinga ukusebenza kokusetha ithuluzi, i-spindle ithwala ithuluzi kahle iliyise endaweni yokulinganisa yedivayisi yokusetha ngaphambilini ithuluzi elingaphakathi emshinini. I-probe yedivayisi yokusetha ngaphambilini ithuluzi ihlangana kahle nethuluzi, futhi kulesi sikhathi sokuxhumana esifushane nesinembayo, imingcele efanele yethuluzi iyalinganiswa futhi le datha eyigugu idluliselwa ngokushesha ohlelweni lokulawula lwethuluzi lomshini. Ukufaneleka kokusetha ithuluzi ngethuluzi lokusetha ngaphambilini ithuluzi elingaphakathi emshinini kuyabonakala. Igwema ukunyakaza okubuyela emuva naphambili kwethuluzi phakathi kwethuluzi lomshini kanye nedivayisi yokusetha ngaphambilini ithuluzi elingaphandle komshini, inciphisa ingozi yokushayisana phakathi nenqubo yokulayisha nokukhipha ithuluzi, njengokuhlinzeka "ngendawo yangaphakathi" ephephile nefanelekile yethuluzi. Phakathi nenqubo yokwenza imishini, uma ithuluzi ligugile noma linokuchezuka kancane, idivayisi yokusetha ngaphambilini ithuluzi elingaphakathi emshinini ingathola futhi ilungise ithuluzi noma kunini, njengomlindi olindile, iqinisekisa ukuqhubeka nokuzinza kwenqubo yokwenza imishini. Isibonelo, emshinini wokugaya wokunemba wesikhathi eside, uma usayizi wethuluzi ushintsha ngenxa yokuguga, idivayisi yokusetha ngaphambilini ithuluzi elisemshinini ingakwazi ukuyibona futhi ilungise ngesikhathi, iqinisekise ukunemba kosayizi kanye nekhwalithi engaphezulu yendawo yokusebenza.
Nokho, ukulungiselelwa kwethuluzi ngethuluzi lokusetha ngaphambilini nakho kunemikhawulo ethile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithuluzi elingaphakathi emshinini noma ithuluzi elingaphandle komshini idivayisi, nakuba ukunemba kwayo kokulinganisa kungahlangabezana nezidingo eziningi zomshini, kusengaphansi kancane emkhakheni wokwenza imishini yokunemba okuphezulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesistimu yokusetha ithuluzi elizenzakalelayo le-top-notch. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwethuluzi lokusetha ngaphambilini kudinga amakhono athile okusebenza kanye nesipiliyoni. Ama-opharetha adinga ukujwayelana nenqubo yokusebenza, izilungiselelo zepharamitha, nezindlela zokucubungula idatha zethuluzi lokusetha ngaphambilini, ngaphandle kwalokho, ukusebenza okungalungile kungase kuthinte ukunemba kwesilungiselelo samathuluzi.
Esimeni sangempela sokukhiqizwa komshini we-CNC, amabhizinisi adinga ukucabangela ngokucophelela izici ezihlukahlukene ukuze akhethe indlela yokusetha ithuluzi efanele. Emabhizinisini aphishekela ukunemba okwedlulele, anevolumu enkulu yokukhiqiza, futhi axhaswe kahle ngezimali, isistimu yokusetha ithuluzi elizenzakalelayo ingase ibe inketho engcono kakhulu; emabhizinisini amaningi amancane namaphakathi, ukulungiselelwa kwamathuluzi okunomshini wokusethwa kusengaphambili wamathuluzi kuba yisinqumo esikhethwayo ngenxa yezimpawu zakhona zokonga nezisebenzayo. Ngokuzayo, ngokusungulwa okuqhubekayo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-CNC, izindlela zokusethwa kwamathuluzi zizoqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ziqhubekele phambili ngesibindi ukuze zihlakaniphe kakhulu, zinembe kakhulu, zisebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi zibe nezindleko eziphansi, zifake umfutho oqhubekayo ekuthuthukisweni okunamandla kwemboni yemishini ye-CNC.