Ukuhlaziywa Okujulile Kohlelo Lokugcoba Lwezikhungo Zomashini Eziqondile
I. Isingeniso
Emkhiqizweni wesimanje, izikhungo zokumaka eziqondile, njengohlobo olubalulekile lwemishini yamathuluzi omshini, zidlala indima ebalulekile. Ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwesistimu yayo yokugcoba kunomthelela ongeyena onganakwa ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba, ukuzinza, kanye nempilo yesevisi yethuluzi lomshini. Lesi sihloko sizocubungula ngokujulile ohlelweni lokuthambisa lwezikhungo zokumaka ukuze ziveze kabanzi izimfihlakalo zayo kuwe.
Emkhiqizweni wesimanje, izikhungo zokumaka eziqondile, njengohlobo olubalulekile lwemishini yamathuluzi omshini, zidlala indima ebalulekile. Ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwesistimu yayo yokugcoba kunomthelela ongeyena onganakwa ekuqinisekiseni ukunemba, ukuzinza, kanye nempilo yesevisi yethuluzi lomshini. Lesi sihloko sizocubungula ngokujulile ohlelweni lokuthambisa lwezikhungo zokumaka ukuze ziveze kabanzi izimfihlakalo zayo kuwe.
II. Isimiso Esisebenzayo Sohlelo Lokugcoba Lwezikhungo Zomshini Eziqondile
Isistimu yokugcoba yesikhungo somshini esiqondile siwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi olunembile. Isebenzisa ngobuhlakani ukugeleza komoya ocindezelwe ngaphakathi kwepayipi ukuze iqhube uwoyela wokugcoba ukuze ugeleze ngokuqhubekayo odongeni lwangaphakathi lwepayipi. Phakathi nale nqubo, uwoyela negesi kuxutshwe ngokugcwele futhi kuhanjiswe ngokunembile esigabeni sokuphotha, isikulufu sokuhola, nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zesikhungo somshini ezidinga ukugcotshwa.
Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwe-spindle, amafutha okugcoba kanye negesi kungasatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ebusweni be-bearing, yenze ifilimu encane kawoyela, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana nokugqoka, ukwehlisa ukukhiqizwa kokushisa, nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwejubane eliphezulu nokunemba okuphezulu kwe-spindle.
Isistimu yokugcoba yesikhungo somshini esiqondile siwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi olunembile. Isebenzisa ngobuhlakani ukugeleza komoya ocindezelwe ngaphakathi kwepayipi ukuze iqhube uwoyela wokugcoba ukuze ugeleze ngokuqhubekayo odongeni lwangaphakathi lwepayipi. Phakathi nale nqubo, uwoyela negesi kuxutshwe ngokugcwele futhi kuhanjiswe ngokunembile esigabeni sokuphotha, isikulufu sokuhola, nezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile zesikhungo somshini ezidinga ukugcotshwa.
Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kwe-spindle, amafutha okugcoba kanye negesi kungasatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ebusweni be-bearing, yenze ifilimu encane kawoyela, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukungqubuzana nokugqoka, ukwehlisa ukukhiqizwa kokushisa, nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwejubane eliphezulu nokunemba okuphezulu kwe-spindle.
III. Ukufana kanye Nomehluko phakathi Kokugcobisa I-Oil-Gas kanye Nokugcotshwa Kwe-Oil-Mist Ezikhungweni Zomshini Eziqondile
(A) Ukufana
Inhloso engaguquki: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-oil-gas lubrication noma i-oil-mist lubrication, umgomo omkhulu uwukunikeza ukuthambisa okusebenzayo kwezingxenye ezibalulekile ezihambayo zesikhungo sokumaka esiqondile, ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokuguga, nokwelula impilo yesevisi yezisetshenziswa.
Izingxenye ezisebenzayo ezifanayo: Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezijikelezayo ezinesivinini esikhulu, njenge-spindle nesikulufu somthofu, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziphezulu zokuthambisa zalezi zingxenye.
(A) Ukufana
Inhloso engaguquki: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-oil-gas lubrication noma i-oil-mist lubrication, umgomo omkhulu uwukunikeza ukuthambisa okusebenzayo kwezingxenye ezibalulekile ezihambayo zesikhungo sokumaka esiqondile, ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokuguga, nokwelula impilo yesevisi yezisetshenziswa.
Izingxenye ezisebenzayo ezifanayo: Ngokuvamile zisetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezijikelezayo ezinesivinini esikhulu, njenge-spindle nesikulufu somthofu, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziphezulu zokuthambisa zalezi zingxenye.
(B) Umehluko
Izindlela zokuthambisa kanye nemiphumela
Ukuthambisa kwegesi kawoyela: Ukugcotshwa kwegesi kawoyela kujova ngokunembile inani elincane lamafutha okugcoba ezindaweni zokuthambisa. Ifilimu kawoyela eyakhiwe iyafana futhi incane, enganciphisa ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha okugcoba futhi igweme ukungcola okubangelwa uwoyela wokugcoba ngokweqile emishinini.
I-oil-mist lubrication: I-oil-mist lubrication yenza amafutha okugcoba abe yizinhlayiyana ezincane futhi awalethe ezindaweni zokuthambisa ngomoya. Nokho, le ndlela ingase ibangele ukuthi uwoyela othile ogcobayo wehluleke ukufinyelela ngokunembile ezindaweni zokuthambisa, okubangele udoti othile, futhi inkungu kawoyela ingase isakazekele endaweni ezungezile, ibangele ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.
Izindlela zokuthambisa kanye nemiphumela
Ukuthambisa kwegesi kawoyela: Ukugcotshwa kwegesi kawoyela kujova ngokunembile inani elincane lamafutha okugcoba ezindaweni zokuthambisa. Ifilimu kawoyela eyakhiwe iyafana futhi incane, enganciphisa ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha okugcoba futhi igweme ukungcola okubangelwa uwoyela wokugcoba ngokweqile emishinini.
I-oil-mist lubrication: I-oil-mist lubrication yenza amafutha okugcoba abe yizinhlayiyana ezincane futhi awalethe ezindaweni zokuthambisa ngomoya. Nokho, le ndlela ingase ibangele ukuthi uwoyela othile ogcobayo wehluleke ukufinyelela ngokunembile ezindaweni zokuthambisa, okubangele udoti othile, futhi inkungu kawoyela ingase isakazekele endaweni ezungezile, ibangele ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.
Umthelela endaweni
Ukugcotshwa kwegesi kawoyela: Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuphansi kukawoyela wokugcoba kanye nomjovo onembe kakhudlwana ekugcobiseni kwegesi kawoyela, ukungcoliswa kwendawo ezungezile kuncane, okuhambisana kakhulu nezidingo zesimanje zokuvikela imvelo.
I-oil-mist lubrication: Ukusatshalaliswa kwenkungu kawoyela emoyeni kungabangela kalula ukungcola endaweni yokusebenza futhi kungase kube nomthelela othile empilweni yabasebenzisi.
Ukugcotshwa kwegesi kawoyela: Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuphansi kukawoyela wokugcoba kanye nomjovo onembe kakhudlwana ekugcobiseni kwegesi kawoyela, ukungcoliswa kwendawo ezungezile kuncane, okuhambisana kakhulu nezidingo zesimanje zokuvikela imvelo.
I-oil-mist lubrication: Ukusatshalaliswa kwenkungu kawoyela emoyeni kungabangela kalula ukungcola endaweni yokusebenza futhi kungase kube nomthelela othile empilweni yabasebenzisi.
Izimo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo
I-oil-gas lubrication: Ifanele izimo zokusebenza ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu, ezilayisha kakhulu, nezinemba kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kulezo zingxenye ezinezidingo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, njengamabheringi anesivinini esikhulu sokuphotha, futhi kunemiphumela emihle kakhulu yokugcoba.
Ukugcotshwa kwenkungu kawoyela: Kwezinye izimo zokusebenza ezinezidingo eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa zokunemba kokugcotshwa hhayi ikakhulukazi isivinini esikhulu nomthwalo, ukuthambisa kwenkungu kawoyela kusengasebenza.
I-oil-gas lubrication: Ifanele izimo zokusebenza ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu, ezilayisha kakhulu, nezinemba kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kulezo zingxenye ezinezidingo zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, njengamabheringi anesivinini esikhulu sokuphotha, futhi kunemiphumela emihle kakhulu yokugcoba.
Ukugcotshwa kwenkungu kawoyela: Kwezinye izimo zokusebenza ezinezidingo eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa zokunemba kokugcotshwa hhayi ikakhulukazi isivinini esikhulu nomthwalo, ukuthambisa kwenkungu kawoyela kusengasebenza.
IV. Amaphuzu Emininingwane Yesistimu Yokugcoba Yezikhungo Zomshini Eziqondile
(A) Ukukhethwa Kwamafutha Okugcoba
Emakethe, kunezinhlobo eziningi zamafutha okugcoba anezimfanelo ezihlukahlukene. Ukuqinisekisa umphumela wokugcoba wesikhungo semishini esime mpo kanye nokusebenza okuvamile kwemishini, kufanele sikhethe amafutha okugcoba anokungcola okuncane nokuhlanzeka okuphezulu. Amafutha okugcoba ekhwalithi ephezulu anganikeza ukusebenza kokugcoba okuzinzile ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini, anciphise ukungqubuzana nokuguga, futhi ehlise izehlakalo zokuhluleka kwemishini.
Isibonelo, kuma-spindles ajikelezayo ngesivinini esiphezulu, amafutha okugcoba asebenza kahle ngokumelene nokugqoka kanye nokuzinza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kufanele kukhethwe; ezicini ezinjengezikulufu zokuhola, amafutha okugcoba anokunamathela okuhle kanye nezakhiwo zokulwa nokugqwala kuyadingeka.
(A) Ukukhethwa Kwamafutha Okugcoba
Emakethe, kunezinhlobo eziningi zamafutha okugcoba anezimfanelo ezihlukahlukene. Ukuqinisekisa umphumela wokugcoba wesikhungo semishini esime mpo kanye nokusebenza okuvamile kwemishini, kufanele sikhethe amafutha okugcoba anokungcola okuncane nokuhlanzeka okuphezulu. Amafutha okugcoba ekhwalithi ephezulu anganikeza ukusebenza kokugcoba okuzinzile ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini, anciphise ukungqubuzana nokuguga, futhi ehlise izehlakalo zokuhluleka kwemishini.
Isibonelo, kuma-spindles ajikelezayo ngesivinini esiphezulu, amafutha okugcoba asebenza kahle ngokumelene nokugqoka kanye nokuzinza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kufanele kukhethwe; ezicini ezinjengezikulufu zokuhola, amafutha okugcoba anokunamathela okuhle kanye nezakhiwo zokulwa nokugqwala kuyadingeka.
(B) Ukuhlanzwa Okuvamile Kwezihlungi
Ngemuva kokuthi ithuluzi lomshini selisetshenziswe isikhathi esithile, inani elithile lokungcola nokungcola kuzonqwabelana ngaphakathi kwesihlungi. Uma singahlanzwanga ngesikhathi, isihlungi singase sivaleke, okubangele ukwanda komfutho kawoyela. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi kawoyela enamandla, isikrini sokuhlunga singase siqhume futhi sihluleke, sivumele ukungcola okungahlungiwe ukuthi kungene ohlelweni lokuthambisa futhi kubangele umonakalo emishinini.
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanzwa okuvamile kwezihlungi kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekugcineni uhlelo lokugcoba lwezikhungo zomshini eziqondile. Ngokuvamile kuyanconywa ukwenza uhlelo lokuhlanza okokuhlunga oluphusile olusekelwe ebuningini bokusetshenziswa nendawo yokusebenza kwesisetshenziswa, ngokuvamile ukuhlanza njalo esikhathini esithile (njengezinyanga ezi-3 – 6).
Ngemuva kokuthi ithuluzi lomshini selisetshenziswe isikhathi esithile, inani elithile lokungcola nokungcola kuzonqwabelana ngaphakathi kwesihlungi. Uma singahlanzwanga ngesikhathi, isihlungi singase sivaleke, okubangele ukwanda komfutho kawoyela. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi kawoyela enamandla, isikrini sokuhlunga singase siqhume futhi sihluleke, sivumele ukungcola okungahlungiwe ukuthi kungene ohlelweni lokuthambisa futhi kubangele umonakalo emishinini.
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanzwa okuvamile kwezihlungi kuyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ekugcineni uhlelo lokugcoba lwezikhungo zomshini eziqondile. Ngokuvamile kuyanconywa ukwenza uhlelo lokuhlanza okokuhlunga oluphusile olusekelwe ebuningini bokusetshenziswa nendawo yokusebenza kwesisetshenziswa, ngokuvamile ukuhlanza njalo esikhathini esithile (njengezinyanga ezi-3 – 6).
(C) Ukuqapha Nokugcinwa Kohlelo Lokugcobisa
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwesistimu yokugcoba, ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela nokugcinwa okuvamile kuyadingeka. Mayelana nokuqapha, izinzwa zingafakwa ukuze kutholwe imingcele efana nesilinganiso sokugeleza, ingcindezi, nezinga lokushisa lamafutha okugcoba. Uma kutholakala noma yimaphi amapharamitha angavamile, isistimu kufanele ikwazi ukuthumela ngokushesha izimpawu ze-alamu, igqugquzele opharetha ukuthi bahlole futhi balungise.
Umsebenzi wokulungisa uhlanganisa ukuhlola njalo ukuthi akukho yini ukuvuza epayipini lokuthambisa, ukuthi amalunga axegayo yini, ukuthi iphampu kawoyela isebenza kahle yini, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithangi lokugcina uwoyela lesimiso sokuthambisa lidinga ukuhlanzwa njalo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuxutshwa kokungcola nomswakama.
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwesistimu yokugcoba, ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela nokugcinwa okuvamile kuyadingeka. Mayelana nokuqapha, izinzwa zingafakwa ukuze kutholwe imingcele efana nesilinganiso sokugeleza, ingcindezi, nezinga lokushisa lamafutha okugcoba. Uma kutholakala noma yimaphi amapharamitha angavamile, isistimu kufanele ikwazi ukuthumela ngokushesha izimpawu ze-alamu, igqugquzele opharetha ukuthi bahlole futhi balungise.
Umsebenzi wokulungisa uhlanganisa ukuhlola njalo ukuthi akukho yini ukuvuza epayipini lokuthambisa, ukuthi amalunga axegayo yini, ukuthi iphampu kawoyela isebenza kahle yini, njll. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ithangi lokugcina uwoyela lesimiso sokuthambisa lidinga ukuhlanzwa njalo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuxutshwa kokungcola nomswakama.
V. Izici Zohlelo Lokugcoba Lwezikhungo Zomshini Eziqondile
(A) Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo Futhi Akukho Ukungcoliswa
Isistimu yokuthambisa yezikhungo zokumaka ezime mpo isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, iqinisekisa ukuthi awekho amabala kawoyela noma inkungu ekhishwayo phakathi nenqubo yokuthambisa, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe ngempumelelo ukungcoliswa kwendawo ezungezile. Lesi sici asihambisani kuphela nezidingo zemithetho yesimanje yokuvikela imvelo kodwa futhi sihlinzeka opharetha ngendawo yokusebenza ehlanzekile nenempilo.
(A) Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo Futhi Akukho Ukungcoliswa
Isistimu yokuthambisa yezikhungo zokumaka ezime mpo isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, iqinisekisa ukuthi awekho amabala kawoyela noma inkungu ekhishwayo phakathi nenqubo yokuthambisa, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe ngempumelelo ukungcoliswa kwendawo ezungezile. Lesi sici asihambisani kuphela nezidingo zemithetho yesimanje yokuvikela imvelo kodwa futhi sihlinzeka opharetha ngendawo yokusebenza ehlanzekile nenempilo.
(B) Ukunikezwa Kwamafutha Aqondile
Ngokuklama okuhlakaniphile nobuchwepheshe bokulawula obuthuthukisiwe, isistimu yokuthambisa ingaletha ngokunembile uwoyela wokugcoba endaweni ngayinye yokugcobisa njengesikulufu sokuphotha kanye nesikulufu sokuhola ngokwezidingo ezahlukene. Isibonelo, ngokungeza ama-valve alawulayo, ukulawula okunembile kwevolumu kawoyela endaweni ngayinye yokugcoba kungafinyelelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ithola inani elifanele lokuthambisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokunemba kwemishini.
Ngokuklama okuhlakaniphile nobuchwepheshe bokulawula obuthuthukisiwe, isistimu yokuthambisa ingaletha ngokunembile uwoyela wokugcoba endaweni ngayinye yokugcobisa njengesikulufu sokuphotha kanye nesikulufu sokuhola ngokwezidingo ezahlukene. Isibonelo, ngokungeza ama-valve alawulayo, ukulawula okunembile kwevolumu kawoyela endaweni ngayinye yokugcoba kungafinyelelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ithola inani elifanele lokuthambisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle nokunemba kwemishini.
(C) Ukuxazulula Inkinga Ye-Atomization Kawoyela Ogcoba Nge-Viscosity Ephezulu
Kwamanye amafutha okugcoba ane-viscosity ephezulu, izindlela zokuthambisa zendabuko zingase zibhekane nobunzima ekwenzeni i-atomization. Kodwa-ke, uhlelo lokuthambisa lwezikhungo zokumayini ezime mpo luyixazulula ngempumelelo le nkinga ngokusebenzisa idizayini eyingqayizivele nezindlela zobuchwepheshe, okuyenza isebenze kuma-viscosities ahlukahlukene wamafutha okugcoba futhi inikeze abasebenzisi izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokukhetha.
Kwamanye amafutha okugcoba ane-viscosity ephezulu, izindlela zokuthambisa zendabuko zingase zibhekane nobunzima ekwenzeni i-atomization. Kodwa-ke, uhlelo lokuthambisa lwezikhungo zokumayini ezime mpo luyixazulula ngempumelelo le nkinga ngokusebenzisa idizayini eyingqayizivele nezindlela zobuchwepheshe, okuyenza isebenze kuma-viscosities ahlukahlukene wamafutha okugcoba futhi inikeze abasebenzisi izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zokukhetha.
(D) Ukutholwa Okuzenzakalelayo Nokuqapha
Isistimu yokugcoba ifakwe amadivayisi okuhlonza nokuqapha athuthukile akwazi ukuqapha amapharamitha angukhiye njengesimo sokuhlinzeka, ingcindezi, nezinga lokushisa likawoyela wokugcoba ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma izimo zokuthambisa ezingavamile sezitholakele, isistimu izothumela ngokushesha isignali ye-alamu futhi ivaleke ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuvimbela okokusebenza ukuthi kusebenze esimweni esingavamile, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikelwe ngempumelelo okokusebenza kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokunakekela kanye nokulahlekelwa kokukhiqiza.
Isistimu yokugcoba ifakwe amadivayisi okuhlonza nokuqapha athuthukile akwazi ukuqapha amapharamitha angukhiye njengesimo sokuhlinzeka, ingcindezi, nezinga lokushisa likawoyela wokugcoba ngesikhathi sangempela. Uma izimo zokuthambisa ezingavamile sezitholakele, isistimu izothumela ngokushesha isignali ye-alamu futhi ivaleke ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuvimbela okokusebenza ukuthi kusebenze esimweni esingavamile, ngaleyo ndlela kuvikelwe ngempumelelo okokusebenza kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokunakekela kanye nokulahlekelwa kokukhiqiza.
(E) Umphumela Wokupholisa Umoya
Ngenkathi kunikeza okokugcoba emishinini, ukugeleza komoya ohlelweni lokuthambisa nakho kunomphumela othile wokupholisa umoya. Ikakhulukazi kuma-spindle bearings ajikelezayo ngesivinini esikhulu, anganciphisa ngempumelelo izinga lokushisa lokusebenzisa ama-bearings, anciphise ukuguquguquka okushisayo, ngaleyo ndlela andise impilo yesevisi ye-spindle futhi athuthukise ukunemba kokucubungula nokuzinza kwemishini.
Ngenkathi kunikeza okokugcoba emishinini, ukugeleza komoya ohlelweni lokuthambisa nakho kunomphumela othile wokupholisa umoya. Ikakhulukazi kuma-spindle bearings ajikelezayo ngesivinini esikhulu, anganciphisa ngempumelelo izinga lokushisa lokusebenzisa ama-bearings, anciphise ukuguquguquka okushisayo, ngaleyo ndlela andise impilo yesevisi ye-spindle futhi athuthukise ukunemba kokucubungula nokuzinza kwemishini.
(F) Ukonga Izindleko
Njengoba uhlelo lokuthambisa lungakwazi ukulawula ngokunembile ukunikezwa kwamafutha okugcoba futhi lugweme ukumosha okungadingekile, lunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha okugcoba ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ngaleyo ndlela konga izindleko.
Njengoba uhlelo lokuthambisa lungakwazi ukulawula ngokunembile ukunikezwa kwamafutha okugcoba futhi lugweme ukumosha okungadingekile, lunganciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha okugcoba ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, ngaleyo ndlela konga izindleko.
VI. Isiphetho
Isistimu yokuthambisa yezikhungo zokumaka eziqondile iwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi olubalulekile olunomthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni, ukunemba, kanye nempilo yesevisi yezisetshenziswa. Ngokuqonda ngokujulile isimiso sayo sokusebenza, izici, nezindawo zokulungisa, singakwazi ukusebenzisa kangcono izinzuzo zezikhungo zokumaka eziqondile, sithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, futhi sinciphise izehlakalo zokuhluleka kwemishini. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, kukholakala ukuthi uhlelo lokugcoba lwezikhungo zokumayini eziqondile luzoba ngohlakaniphe kakhulu, lusebenze kahle, futhi lube nobungane bemvelo, lunikeze ukwesekwa okunamandla ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yokukhiqiza.
Isistimu yokuthambisa yezikhungo zokumaka eziqondile iwuhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi futhi olubalulekile olunomthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni, ukunemba, kanye nempilo yesevisi yezisetshenziswa. Ngokuqonda ngokujulile isimiso sayo sokusebenza, izici, nezindawo zokulungisa, singakwazi ukusebenzisa kangcono izinzuzo zezikhungo zokumaka eziqondile, sithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, futhi sinciphise izehlakalo zokuhluleka kwemishini. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, kukholakala ukuthi uhlelo lokugcoba lwezikhungo zokumayini eziqondile luzoba ngohlakaniphe kakhulu, lusebenze kahle, futhi lube nobungane bemvelo, lunikeze ukwesekwa okunamandla ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yokukhiqiza.