Izimiso zokuthenga zempo imishini izikhungozimi kanje:
A. Ukuzinza nokwethembeka. Uma impo imishini isikhungoowukhethayo awukwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo nangokuthembekile, uzolahlekelwa incazelo yawo ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga, kufanele uzame ukukhetha imikhiqizo yomkhiqizo odumile (okubandakanya i-mainframe, isistimu yokulawula kanye nezinsiza), ngoba le mikhiqizo ivuthiwe ngokobuchwepheshe, ineqoqo elithile lokukhiqiza, futhi isetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile phakathi kwabasebenzisi.
B. Ukusebenza. Inhloso yokuthenga isikhungo somshini esime mpo ukuxazulula inkinga eyodwa noma eziningi ekukhiqizeni. Ukusebenza ukwenza isikhungo somshini esikhethiwe sigcine sifinyelele umgomo onqunywe kusengaphambili ngokwezinga elingcono kakhulu. Qaphela ukuthi ungashintshisani isikhungo semishini esiyinkimbinkimbi esinemisebenzi eminingi futhi esingenakwenzeka ngezindleko eziphezulu.
C. Ezomnotho. Kuphela uma unomgomo ocacile nokukhetha okuhlosiwe kwamathuluzi omshini lapho ungathola khona imiphumela engcono kakhulu ngokutshalwa kwezimali okunengqondo. Umnotho usho ukuthi isikhungo somshini esikhethiwe sikhokha izindleko eziphansi noma ezonga kakhulu ngaphansi kombandela wokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokucubungula.
D. Ukusebenza. Khetha esebenza ngokugcwele futhi ethuthuke kakhulu. Uma kungekho muntu ofanelekayo ongasebenza noma wokuhlela, futhi engekho isisebenzi sokulungisa esinekhono ukuze sinakekele futhi silungise, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini lihle kangakanani, akunakwenzeka ukulisebenzisa kahle futhi ngeke lidlale indima yalo efanele. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha isikhungo somshini, kufanele ucabangele ukuthi kulula yini ukusebenza, ukuhlela nokugcina. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke nje ilethe ubunzima ekusetshenzisweni, ekugcinweni, ekugcinweni nasekulungisweni kwesikhungo somshini, kodwa futhi kubangele ukumoshwa kwemishini.
E. Ngithenga nxazonke. Qinisa ucwaningo lwemakethe, yenza ukubonisana kwezobuchwepheshe nabasebenzisi abaqonda umnyango wesikhungo somshini noma abasebenzisa ulwazi lwesikhungo somshini, futhi babe nokuqonda okuphelele kwesimo semakethe sesikhungo somshini ekhaya naphesheya ngangokunokwenzeka. Kufanele sisebenzise ngokugcwele imibukiso ehlukahlukene ukukhetha imishini enekhwalithi ephezulu nenani eliphansi nokusebenza okuthembekile, futhi silwele ukuthenga nxazonke. Qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha imikhiqizo evuthiwe futhi ezinzile ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela zeyunithi.
Izinkinga okufanele uzinake lapho ukhetha isikhungo semishini esime mpo
A. Nquma ngokunengqondo umsebenzi wesikhungo somshini. Lapho ukhetha umsebenzi wesikhungo somshini, akufanele ube mkhulu futhi uphelele, ngoba uma ukuphishekela ngokweqile kwenani lezimbazo zokuxhumanisa isikhungo somshini, amandla amakhulu okusebenza kwendawo kanye nemoto, ukuphakama kokunemba kokucubungula, nokuqedela umsebenzi, uma uhlelo luyinkimbinkimbi, lunciphisa ukuthembeka. Izindleko zokuthenga nezokulungisa nazo zizokhuphuka. Mayelana nalokhu, izindleko zokucubungula zizokhuphuka ngokufanele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzodala ukumoshwa okukhulu kwezinsiza. Ngakho-ke, isikhungo somshini kufanele sikhethwe ngokusho kokucaciswa, ubukhulu, ukunemba, njll.
B. Nquma izingxenye ezicutshungulwayo. Isikhungo somshini kufanele sikhethwe ngokufanelekile ngokuya ngezingxenye ezijwayelekile ezicutshungulwa ngokuya ngezidingo. Nakuba isikhungo somshini sinezici zokuguquguquka okuphezulu nokuguquguquka okuqinile, umphumela omuhle kakhulu ungatholakala kuphela ngokucubungula izingxenye ezithile ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokunquma ukuthengwa kwemishini, kufanele siqale sinqume izingxenye ezijwayelekile okufanele zicutshungulwe.
C. Ukukhetha okunengqondo kwesistimu yokulawula izinombolo. Uhlelo lokulawula izinombolo olungahlangabezana nezidingo zemingcele yokusebenza ehlukahlukene kanye nezinkomba zokuthembeka kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokuningiliziwe, futhi kube lula ukusebenza, ukuhlela, ukugcinwa nokuphathwa kufanele kucatshangelwe. Zama ukuba phakathi nendawo futhi ubumbene. Uma kungesona isimo esikhethekile, zama ukukhetha uchungechunge olufanayo lwezinhlelo zokulawula izinombolo iyunithi elijwayele futhi ekhiqizwa umenzi ofanayo ukuze aphathwe futhi agcinwe esikhathini esizayo.
D. Lungiselela izesekeli ezidingekayo nemibese. Ukuze unikeze ukudlala okuphelele endimeni yesikhungo somshini futhi sithuthukise umthamo waso wokucubungula, izesekeli ezidingekayo namathuluzi kufanele amiswe. Ungachithi amakhulu ezinkulungwane zama-yuan noma izigidi zama-yuan ukuze uthenge ithuluzi lomshini, elingakwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile ngenxa yokushoda kwesisekeli noma ithuluzi elibiza amashumi ama-yuan. Lapho uthenga i-mainframe, thenga izingxenye zokugqoka nezinye izesekeli. Ochwepheshe bangaphandle bokusika insimbi bakholelwa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwesikhungo sokwenza imishini esibiza u-$250,000 kuncike kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwesigayo esibiza u-$30. Kuyabonakala ukuthi isikhungo somshini sifakwe amathuluzi asebenza kahle. Kungesinye sezinyathelo ezibalulekile zokunciphisa izindleko kanye nokwandisa izinzuzo zezomnotho eziphelele. Ngokuvamile, isikhungo somshini kufanele sifakwe amathuluzi anele ukuze sinikeze ukudlala okuphelele emsebenzini wesikhungo somshini, ukuze isikhungo somshini esikhethiwe sikwazi ukucubungula izinhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo futhi sivimbele ukungenzi lutho nokumosha okungadingekile.
E. Naka ukufakwa, ukugunyazwa nokwamukelwa kwesikhungo somshini. Ngemva kokungena embonini, isikhungo sokucubungula kufanele sifakwe ngokucophelela futhi silungiswe, okubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuzayo, ukugcinwa nokuphathwa. Ngesikhathi sokufakwa, ukugunyazwa kanye nokusebenza kokuhlola kwesikhungo sokucubungula, ochwepheshe kufanele babambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo, bafunde ngokucophelela, futhi bathobe ngokuzithoba ukuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe kanye neziqondiso zasendaweni ezivela kubahlinzeki. Ukwamukelwa okuphelele kokunemba kwejiyomethri, ukunemba kokubeka indawo, ukunemba kokusika, ukusebenza kwethuluzi lomshini nezinye izici zesikhungo somshini. Hlola ngokucophelela futhi ugcine izinto zobuchwepheshe ezihlukahlukene ezisekelayo, amamanyuwali omsebenzisi, iziqondiso zokunakekela, izisetshenziswa zemanyuwali, isofthiwe yekhompiyutha neziyalezo, njll., futhi uzigcine ngendlela efanele, ngaphandle kwalokho eminye imisebenzi eyengeziwe ngeke ithuthukiswe esikhathini esizayo futhi ilethe ubunzima ekugcinweni nasekugcinweni kahle kwamathuluzi omshini.
Okokugcina, kufanele sicabangele ngokugcwele isevisi yangemva kokuthengisa, ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe, ukuqeqeshwa kwezisebenzi, ukwesekwa kwedatha, ukusekelwa kwesofthiwe, ukufakwa nokusetshenziswa, ukuhlinzekwa kwezingxenye eziyisipele, isistimu yamathuluzi kanye nezinsiza zamathuluzi omshini womkhiqizi wesikhungo sokumaka esime mpo.