Comprehensive Maintenance Guide for CNC Milling Machine Systems
Njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile emkhakheni wokucutshungulwa kwemishini yesimanje, umshini wokugaya we-CNC ungakwazi umshini izindawo ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi ezindaweni zokusebenza ezinama-milling cutters futhi usetshenziswa kabanzi eminyangweni efana nokukhiqiza nokulungisa imishini. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile komshini wokugaya we-CNC, kunwetshwe impilo yawo yesevisi futhi kuqinisekiswe ukunemba kokucubungula, ukugcinwa kwesayensi nokufanelekile kubalulekile. Okulandelayo, ake sihlole amaphuzu abalulekile okulungiswa komshini wokugaya we-CNC kanye nomkhiqizi womshini wokugaya we-CNC.
I. Imisebenzi kanye Nobubanzi Bokusebenza Kwemishini Yokugaya ye-CNC
Umshini wokugaya we-CNC ikakhulukazi usebenzisa abasiki bokugaya ukuze bacubungule izindawo ezihlukene zezinto zokusebenza. Isisiki sokugaya ngokuvamile sizungeza i-eksisi yaso, kuyilapho ucezu lokusebenza nesisiki sokugaya senza ukunyakaza kokuphakelayo okuhlobene. Ayikwazi kuphela umshini izindiza, imifantu, kodwa futhi ukucubungula izimo ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi njengendawo egobile, amagiya, kanye spline shafts. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini yokuhlela, imishini yokugaya ye-CNC inokusebenza kahle okuphezulu futhi ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokucubungula zezingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezinembayo eziphezulu neziyinkimbinkimbi, idlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini eziningi ezifana ne-aerospace, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto, nokucubungula isikhunta.
Umshini wokugaya we-CNC ikakhulukazi usebenzisa abasiki bokugaya ukuze bacubungule izindawo ezihlukene zezinto zokusebenza. Isisiki sokugaya ngokuvamile sizungeza i-eksisi yaso, kuyilapho ucezu lokusebenza nesisiki sokugaya senza ukunyakaza kokuphakelayo okuhlobene. Ayikwazi kuphela umshini izindiza, imifantu, kodwa futhi ukucubungula izimo ezihlukahlukene eziyinkimbinkimbi njengendawo egobile, amagiya, kanye spline shafts. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini yokuhlela, imishini yokugaya ye-CNC inokusebenza kahle okuphezulu futhi ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokucubungula zezingxenye ezihlukahlukene ezinembayo eziphezulu neziyinkimbinkimbi, idlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini eziningi ezifana ne-aerospace, ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto, nokucubungula isikhunta.
II. I-Daily Operating Maintenance Scope ye-CNC Milling Machines
(A) Umsebenzi Wokuhlanza
Ngemva kokuba umsebenzi wansuku zonke usuqediwe, hlanza kahle amafayili ensimbi kanye nemfucumfucu ethuluzini lomshini kanye nezingxenye. Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlanza azinikele, njengamabhulashi nezibhamu zomoya, ukuze uqinisekise ukuhlanzeka kwendawo yethuluzi lomshini, ibhentshi lokusebenzela, indawo ezungezile, nendawo ezungezile.
Isibonelo, kumafayili ensimbi endaweni yebhentshi lokusebenzela, qala ngokushanela ngebhulashi, bese ususa udoti osele emakhoneni kanye nezikhala ngomoya ocindezelwe.
Hlanza amathuluzi okubamba nawokukala, asule ahlanzeke futhi uwabeke kahle ukuze uwasebenzise ngokulandelayo.
(A) Umsebenzi Wokuhlanza
Ngemva kokuba umsebenzi wansuku zonke usuqediwe, hlanza kahle amafayili ensimbi kanye nemfucumfucu ethuluzini lomshini kanye nezingxenye. Sebenzisa amathuluzi okuhlanza azinikele, njengamabhulashi nezibhamu zomoya, ukuze uqinisekise ukuhlanzeka kwendawo yethuluzi lomshini, ibhentshi lokusebenzela, indawo ezungezile, nendawo ezungezile.
Isibonelo, kumafayili ensimbi endaweni yebhentshi lokusebenzela, qala ngokushanela ngebhulashi, bese ususa udoti osele emakhoneni kanye nezikhala ngomoya ocindezelwe.
Hlanza amathuluzi okubamba nawokukala, asule ahlanzeke futhi uwabeke kahle ukuze uwasebenzise ngokulandelayo.
(B) Ukugcinwa Kokuthambisa
Hlola amazinga kawoyela azo zonke izingxenye ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awekho ngaphansi kwezimpawu zikawoyela. Ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi kwezinga, engeza amafutha okugcoba ahambisanayo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Isibonelo, hlola izinga lamafutha okugcoba ebhokisini lokuphotha. Uma ingenele, engeza uhlobo olufanele lwamafutha okugcoba.
Engeza uwoyela wokugcoba engxenyeni ngayinye ehambayo yethuluzi lomshini, njengama-rails okuqondisa, izikulufu zomthofu, nama-rack, ukuze unciphise ukuguga nokungqubuzana.
Hlola amazinga kawoyela azo zonke izingxenye ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awekho ngaphansi kwezimpawu zikawoyela. Ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi kwezinga, engeza amafutha okugcoba ahambisanayo ngesikhathi esifanele.
Isibonelo, hlola izinga lamafutha okugcoba ebhokisini lokuphotha. Uma ingenele, engeza uhlobo olufanele lwamafutha okugcoba.
Engeza uwoyela wokugcoba engxenyeni ngayinye ehambayo yethuluzi lomshini, njengama-rails okuqondisa, izikulufu zomthofu, nama-rack, ukuze unciphise ukuguga nokungqubuzana.
(C) Ukuhlola Ukuqiniswa
Hlola futhi ubophe izinsimbi zokuhlanganisa ze-fixture kanye nendawo yokusebenza ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi akukho ukuxegiswa ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
Isibonelo, hlola ukuthi izikulufi zokugoqa ze-vise ziboshiwe yini ukuvimbela ucezu lokusebenza ukuthi lungaguquki.
Hlola izikulufu namabhawudi engxenye ngayinye yokuxhumana, njengezikulufu zokuxhuma phakathi kwenjini nesikulufu sokuhola, nezikulufu zokulungisa zesilayidi sikaloliwe ongumhlahlandlela, ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi zisesimweni esiqinile.
Hlola futhi ubophe izinsimbi zokuhlanganisa ze-fixture kanye nendawo yokusebenza ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi akukho ukuxegiswa ngesikhathi sokucubungula.
Isibonelo, hlola ukuthi izikulufi zokugoqa ze-vise ziboshiwe yini ukuvimbela ucezu lokusebenza ukuthi lungaguquki.
Hlola izikulufu namabhawudi engxenye ngayinye yokuxhumana, njengezikulufu zokuxhuma phakathi kwenjini nesikulufu sokuhola, nezikulufu zokulungisa zesilayidi sikaloliwe ongumhlahlandlela, ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi zisesimweni esiqinile.
(D) Ukuhlolwa Kwezisetshenziswa
Ngaphambi kokuqala umshini, hlola ukuthi uhlelo lukagesi lwethuluzi lomshini lujwayelekile yini, kufaka phakathi ukunikezwa kwamandla, amaswishi, izilawuli, njll.
Hlola ukuthi isikrini esibonisiwe nezinkinobho zohlelo lwe-CNC ziyazwela yini nokuthi izilungiselelo zepharamitha ezihlukene zilungile yini.
Ngaphambi kokuqala umshini, hlola ukuthi uhlelo lukagesi lwethuluzi lomshini lujwayelekile yini, kufaka phakathi ukunikezwa kwamandla, amaswishi, izilawuli, njll.
Hlola ukuthi isikrini esibonisiwe nezinkinobho zohlelo lwe-CNC ziyazwela yini nokuthi izilungiselelo zepharamitha ezihlukene zilungile yini.
III. Ububanzi Bokulungisa Ngempelasonto Yemishini Yokugaya ye-CNC
(A) Ukuhlanza Okujulile
Susa amaphedi azwakele bese uhlanza kahle ukuze ususe amabala kawoyela anqwabelene nokungcola.
Sula ngokucophelela izindawo ezishelelayo futhi uqondise izindawo zikaloliwe, susa amabala kawoyela kanye nokugqwala ezindaweni ezingaphezulu ukuze uqinisekise ukushelela okubushelelezi. Okwebhentshi lokusebenzela kanye nezikulufu zokuhola eziphambanayo nezinde, futhi yenza ukusula okuphelele ukuze uzigcine zihlanzekile.
Yenza ukuhlanza okuningiliziwe komshini wokushayela kanye nesibambi samathuluzi, susa amabala othuli namafutha, bese uhlola ukuthi ukuxhunywa kwengxenye ngayinye kukhululekile yini.
Ungashiyi ikhona lingathintwa, okuhlanganisa amakhona angaphakathi kwethuluzi lomshini, izitsha zocingo, njll., ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi lonke ithuluzi lomshini alinakho ukunqwabelana kokungcola nemfucumfucu.
(A) Ukuhlanza Okujulile
Susa amaphedi azwakele bese uhlanza kahle ukuze ususe amabala kawoyela anqwabelene nokungcola.
Sula ngokucophelela izindawo ezishelelayo futhi uqondise izindawo zikaloliwe, susa amabala kawoyela kanye nokugqwala ezindaweni ezingaphezulu ukuze uqinisekise ukushelela okubushelelezi. Okwebhentshi lokusebenzela kanye nezikulufu zokuhola eziphambanayo nezinde, futhi yenza ukusula okuphelele ukuze uzigcine zihlanzekile.
Yenza ukuhlanza okuningiliziwe komshini wokushayela kanye nesibambi samathuluzi, susa amabala othuli namafutha, bese uhlola ukuthi ukuxhunywa kwengxenye ngayinye kukhululekile yini.
Ungashiyi ikhona lingathintwa, okuhlanganisa amakhona angaphakathi kwethuluzi lomshini, izitsha zocingo, njll., ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi lonke ithuluzi lomshini alinakho ukunqwabelana kokungcola nemfucumfucu.
(B) Ukugcotshwa Okuphelele
Hlanza imbobo ngayinye kawoyela ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi umzila kawoyela awuphazamiseki, bese wengeza inani elifanele lamafutha okugcoba.
Isibonelo, ngembobo kawoyela yesikulufu sokuhola, qala ngokuyihlanza nge-ejenti yokuhlanza bese ujova uwoyela wokugcoba omusha.
Gcoba uwoyela wokugcoba ngokulinganayo endaweni ngayinye yesitimela engumhlahlandlela, indawo eshelelayo kanye nesikulufu somthofu ngasinye ukuze uqinisekise ukugcotshwa okwanele.
Hlola ubude bezinga likawoyela lomzimba wethangi likawoyela kanye nendlela yokudlulisela, bese wengeza uwoyela wokugcoba endaweni ecacisiwe yokuphakama njengoba kudingeka.
Hlanza imbobo ngayinye kawoyela ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi umzila kawoyela awuphazamiseki, bese wengeza inani elifanele lamafutha okugcoba.
Isibonelo, ngembobo kawoyela yesikulufu sokuhola, qala ngokuyihlanza nge-ejenti yokuhlanza bese ujova uwoyela wokugcoba omusha.
Gcoba uwoyela wokugcoba ngokulinganayo endaweni ngayinye yesitimela engumhlahlandlela, indawo eshelelayo kanye nesikulufu somthofu ngasinye ukuze uqinisekise ukugcotshwa okwanele.
Hlola ubude bezinga likawoyela lomzimba wethangi likawoyela kanye nendlela yokudlulisela, bese wengeza uwoyela wokugcoba endaweni ecacisiwe yokuphakama njengoba kudingeka.
(C) Ukuzila kanye nokulungiswa
Hlola futhi uqinise izikulufu zezinto ezilungiswayo namapulaki ukuze uqinisekise ukuxhumeka okuqinile.
Hlola ngokucophelela futhi uqinise izikulufu zokulungisa zesilayidi, indlela yokushayela, isondo lesandla, izikulufu ezisekela ibhentshi lokusebenzela kanye nentambo yangaphezulu yemfoloko, njll., ukuvimbela ukuxega.
Hlola ngokugcwele ukuthi izikulufu zezinye izingxenye azikhululekile yini. Uma zixega, ziqinise ngesikhathi.
Hlola futhi ulungise ukucinana kwebhande ukuze uqinisekise ukudluliswa okubushelelezi. Lungisa igebe phakathi kwesikulufu sokuhola namantongomane ukuze uqinisekise ukulingana okuhle.
Hlola futhi ulungise ukunemba kokuxhumeka kwesilayidi nesikulufu sokuhola ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba nokuzinza kokunyakaza.
Hlola futhi uqinise izikulufu zezinto ezilungiswayo namapulaki ukuze uqinisekise ukuxhumeka okuqinile.
Hlola ngokucophelela futhi uqinise izikulufu zokulungisa zesilayidi, indlela yokushayela, isondo lesandla, izikulufu ezisekela ibhentshi lokusebenzela kanye nentambo yangaphezulu yemfoloko, njll., ukuvimbela ukuxega.
Hlola ngokugcwele ukuthi izikulufu zezinye izingxenye azikhululekile yini. Uma zixega, ziqinise ngesikhathi.
Hlola futhi ulungise ukucinana kwebhande ukuze uqinisekise ukudluliswa okubushelelezi. Lungisa igebe phakathi kwesikulufu sokuhola namantongomane ukuze uqinisekise ukulingana okuhle.
Hlola futhi ulungise ukunemba kokuxhumeka kwesilayidi nesikulufu sokuhola ukuze uqinisekise ukunemba nokuzinza kokunyakaza.
(D) Ukwelashwa kokubola
Yenza ukwelashwa kokukhipha ukugqwala ebusweni bethuluzi lomshini. Uma kunezingxenye ezigqwalile, susa ukugqwala ngokushesha usebenzisa isikhiphi sokugqwala futhi usebenzise amafutha avimbela ukugqwala.
Vikela indawo kapende yethuluzi lomshini ukuze ugweme amaqhubu nokuklwebheka. Okokusebenza okunesikhathi eside kungasasetshenziswa noma okubekwe eceleni, ukwelashwa okunqanda ukugqwala kufanele kwenziwe ezingxenyeni eziveziwe nezijwayele ukugqwala njengendawo yesitimela esingumhlahlandlela, isikulufu sokuhola, nesondo lesandla.
Yenza ukwelashwa kokukhipha ukugqwala ebusweni bethuluzi lomshini. Uma kunezingxenye ezigqwalile, susa ukugqwala ngokushesha usebenzisa isikhiphi sokugqwala futhi usebenzise amafutha avimbela ukugqwala.
Vikela indawo kapende yethuluzi lomshini ukuze ugweme amaqhubu nokuklwebheka. Okokusebenza okunesikhathi eside kungasasetshenziswa noma okubekwe eceleni, ukwelashwa okunqanda ukugqwala kufanele kwenziwe ezingxenyeni eziveziwe nezijwayele ukugqwala njengendawo yesitimela esingumhlahlandlela, isikulufu sokuhola, nesondo lesandla.
IV. Izinyathelo Zokuqaphela Ukugcinwa Komshini Wokugaya we-CNC
(A) Abasebenzi Bokunakekela Badinga Ulwazi Lochwepheshe
Izisebenzi zesondlo kufanele zijwayelane nesakhiwo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza somshini wokugaya we-CNC futhi zikwazi kahle amakhono ayisisekelo nezindlela zokuwunakekela. Ngaphambi kokwenza imisebenzi yokulungisa, kufanele baqeqeshwe futhi baqondiswe ngochwepheshe.
(A) Abasebenzi Bokunakekela Badinga Ulwazi Lochwepheshe
Izisebenzi zesondlo kufanele zijwayelane nesakhiwo kanye nesimiso sokusebenza somshini wokugaya we-CNC futhi zikwazi kahle amakhono ayisisekelo nezindlela zokuwunakekela. Ngaphambi kokwenza imisebenzi yokulungisa, kufanele baqeqeshwe futhi baqondiswe ngochwepheshe.
(B) Sebenzisa Amathuluzi Nezinto Ezifanele
Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, amathuluzi anikezelwe kanye nezinto ezifanelekile ezifana namafutha okugcoba kanye nama-ejenti okuhlanza kufanele asetshenziswe. Gwema ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi noma engafanele engase idale umonakalo ethuluzini lomshini.
Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, amathuluzi anikezelwe kanye nezinto ezifanelekile ezifana namafutha okugcoba kanye nama-ejenti okuhlanza kufanele asetshenziswe. Gwema ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi noma engafanele engase idale umonakalo ethuluzini lomshini.
(C) Landela Izinqubo Zokusebenza
Yenza imisebenzi yokulungisa ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nebhukwana lokulungisa kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza zethuluzi lomshini. Ungashintshi ngokunganaki inqubo yokulungisa nezindlela.
Yenza imisebenzi yokulungisa ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nebhukwana lokulungisa kanye nezinqubo zokusebenza zethuluzi lomshini. Ungashintshi ngokunganaki inqubo yokulungisa nezindlela.
(D) Naka Ukuphepha
Phakathi nenqubo yokulungisa, qinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini lisesimweni sokucisha futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela ezidingekayo, njengokugqoka amagilavu nezibuko, ukuvimbela izingozi.
Phakathi nenqubo yokulungisa, qinisekisa ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini lisesimweni sokucisha futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela ezidingekayo, njengokugqoka amagilavu nezibuko, ukuvimbela izingozi.
(E) Ukunakekela Njalo
Yakha uhlelo lokulungisa lwesayensi nolunengqondo futhi ulungise njalo ngezikhathi ezinqunyiwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini lihlala lisesimweni esihle sokusebenza.
Yakha uhlelo lokulungisa lwesayensi nolunengqondo futhi ulungise njalo ngezikhathi ezinqunyiwe ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ithuluzi lomshini lihlala lisesimweni esihle sokusebenza.
Sengiphetha, ukugcinwa komshini wokugaya we-CNC kuwumsebenzi ocophelelayo nobalulekile odinga imizamo ehlanganyelwe yabaqhubi kanye nabasebenzi bokulungisa. Ngokulungiswa kwesayensi nokunengqondo, impilo yesevisi yomshini wokugaya we-CNC inganwetshwa ngokuphumelelayo, ukunemba kokucubungula nokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kungathuthukiswa, kudale inani elikhulu lebhizinisi.