Ukuhlaziya kanye Nezisombululo Zokungasebenzi Kwethuluzi Lokuqaqa Ezikhungweni Zomshini
Abstract: Leli phepha lichaza kabanzi mayelana nokungasebenzi kahle okuvamile ekwakhiweni kwamathuluzi ezikhungo zomshini kanye nezisombululo zazo ezihambisanayo. Isiguquli samathuluzi esizenzakalelayo (i-ATC) sesikhungo somshini sinomthelela obalulekile ekucubunguleni ukusebenza kahle nokunemba, futhi ukungasebenzi kahle kokukhipha ithuluzi kuyizinkinga ezivamile futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwazo. Ngokuhlaziywa okujulile kwezimbangela ezahlukene zokungasebenzi kahle, njengokungajwayelekile ezingxenyeni ezifana ne-valve ye-solenoid yethuluzi, i-spindle tool-hitting cylinder, amapuleti asentwasahlobo, nezinzipho zokudonsa, kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nemithombo yomoya, izinkinobho, namasekhethi, futhi kuhlanganiswe nezinyathelo ezihambisanayo zokuxazulula izinkinga, ihlose ukusiza abasebenzi basesikhungweni ukuxilonga ngokushesha nokuxazulula izinkinga ze-machi. ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-unclamping, qinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile nokuzinzile kwezikhungo zemishini, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yokucubungula.
I. Isingeniso
Njengemishini eyinhloko emkhakheni wokucubungula imishini yesimanje, isishintshi samathuluzi esizenzakalelayo (i-ATC) sesikhungo somshini sithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle nokunemba kokucubungula. Phakathi kwazo, umsebenzi wokuqaqa ithuluzi uyisixhumanisi esiyinhloko kunqubo yokushintsha ithuluzi elizenzakalelayo. Uma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle kokukhipha ithuluzi, kuzoholela ngokuqondile ekuphazamisekeni kokucubungula futhi kuthinte inqubekelaphambili yokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nokuqonda okujulile kokungasebenzi kahle okuvamile ekwakhiweni kwamathuluzi ezikhungo zomshini kanye nezixazululo zazo.
II. Uhlolojikelele Lwezinhlobo Zokushintsha Kwethuluzi Okuzenzakalelayo Ezikhungweni Zomshini kanye Nokungasebenzi Okungalungile Kwethuluzi
Ngokuyinhloko kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa zezindlela zokushintsha ithuluzi zokushintsha ithuluzi okuzenzakalelayo (ATC) ezikhungweni zokwenza imishini. Enye ukuthi ithuluzi lishintshaniswa ngokuqondile yi-spindle evela kumagazini wamathuluzi. Le ndlela isetshenziswa ezikhungweni zemishini ezincane, ezibonakala ngomagazini wamathuluzi amancane uma kuqhathaniswa, amathuluzi ambalwa, kanye nemisebenzi elula yokushintsha ithuluzi. Uma ukungasebenzi kahle okunjengokwehla kwamathuluzi kwenzeka, ngenxa yesakhiwo esingelula, kulula ukuthola umsuka wenkinga futhi uyiqede ngesikhathi esifanele. Okunye ukuthembela ku-manipulator ukuze kuqedelwe ukushintshana kwamathuluzi phakathi kwe-spindle nephephabhuku lamathuluzi. Ngokombono wesakhiwo nokusebenza, le ndlela iyinkimbinkimbi, ehlanganisa ukubambisana okuhlanganisiwe kwezingxenye eziningi zemishini nokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, amathuba nezinhlobo zokungasebenzi kahle phakathi nenqubo yokukhipha ithuluzi ziningi ngokuqhathaniswa.
Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwezikhungo zokwenza imishini, ukwehluleka ukukhulula ithuluzi ukubonakaliswa okujwayelekile kokungasebenzi kahle kwethuluzi lokuqaqa. Lokhu kungasebenzi kahle kungase kubangelwe izizathu eziningi, futhi okulandelayo kuzokwenza ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwezimbangela ezihlukahlukene zokungasebenzi kahle.
Ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwezikhungo zokwenza imishini, ukwehluleka ukukhulula ithuluzi ukubonakaliswa okujwayelekile kokungasebenzi kahle kwethuluzi lokuqaqa. Lokhu kungasebenzi kahle kungase kubangelwe izizathu eziningi, futhi okulandelayo kuzokwenza ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kwezimbangela ezihlukahlukene zokungasebenzi kahle.
III. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezimbangela Zokungasebenzi Kwethuluzi Lokuqaqa
(I) Ukulimala Kwethuluzi Lokungafihli I-Solenoid Valve
I-valve ye-solenoid yethuluzi i-unclamping idlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukugeleza komoya noma uwoyela we-hydraulic ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha ithuluzi. Lapho i-valve ye-solenoid yonakele, ingase ingakwazi ukushintsha umoya noma isekethe kawoyela ngokujwayelekile, okuholela ekungakwazini ukudlulisa amandla adingekayo ukuze ithuluzi lingavimbeli ezingxenyeni ezihambisanayo. Isibonelo, izinkinga ezifana nokubhajwa kwe-valve core noma ukusha kwekhoyili kagesi kungase kwenzeke ku-valve ye-solenoid. Uma i-valve core ibambekile, i-valve ye-solenoid ngeke ikwazi ukushintsha isimo sokuvala iziteshi ngaphakathi kwe-valve ngokusho kweziqondiso. Uma ikhoyili ye-electromagnetic isha, izoholela ngokuqondile ekulahlekelweni komsebenzi wokulawula we-valve ye-solenoid.
(II) Ukulimala Kwe-Spindle Tool-Hitting Cylinder
Isilinda sokushaya ithuluzi lokuphotha siyingxenye ebalulekile enikeza amandla okukhipha ithuluzi. Ukulimala kwesilinda sokushaya ithuluzi kungase kubonakale njengokuvuza komoya noma ukuvuza kukawoyela okubangelwa ukuguga noma ukulimala kwezimpawu, okuholela ekungakwazini kwesilinda sokushaya ithuluzi ukukhiqiza ukusunduza okwanele noma ukudonsa ukuze kuqedelwe umsebenzi wokuqaqa ithuluzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguga noma ukuwohloka kwezingxenye ezifana ne-piston ne-piston rod ngaphakathi kwesilinda sokushaya ithuluzi kuzophinde kuthinte ukusebenza kwayo okujwayelekile futhi kuvimbe ukusebenza kokunganqamuki kwethuluzi.
(III) Ukulimala Kwezingqimba Zasentwasahlobo ze-Spindle
Amapuleti entwasahlobo okuphotha adlala indima eyisizayo enqubweni yokuqaqa ithuluzi, isibonelo, ukuhlinzeka ngesibhafa esinwebekayo esithile lapho ithuluzi liqiniswa futhi lixegiswa. Lapho amapuleti asentwasahlobo alimala, angase angakwazi ukunikeza amandla okunwebeka afanelekile, okuholela ekusebenzeni okungelula kwethuluzi lokuqaqa. Amapuleti asentwasahlobo angase abe nezimo ezinjengokuphuka, ukubola, noma ukunwebeka okubuthakathaka. Ipuleti lasentwasahlobo eliphukile ngeke likwazi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile. Ipuleti lasentwasahlobo elikhubazekile lizoshintsha izici zalo ezithwala amandla, futhi ukunwebeka okubuthakathaka kungase kubangele ukuthi ithuluzi lingahlukani ngokuphelele nesimo esiqinile se-spindle phakathi nenqubo yokukhulula ithuluzi.
(IV) Ukulimala Kwezizipho Zokudonsa Ophothayo
Izinzipho zokudonsa ziyizingxenye ezithintana ngokuqondile ne-shank yethuluzi ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqina nokuxegiswa kwethuluzi. Ukulimala kwezinzipho zokudonsa kungase kubangelwe ukuguga ngenxa yokusetshenziswa isikhathi eside, okuholela ekwehleni kokunemba okufanelekile phakathi kwezinzipho zokudonsa kanye ne-shank yethuluzi kanye nokungakwazi ukubamba ngempumelelo noma ukukhulula ithuluzi. Izinzipho zokudonsa zingase futhi zibe nezimo ezinzima ezifana nokuphuka noma ukuwohloka. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ithuluzi ngeke likwazi ukukhululeka ngokujwayelekile.
(V) Umthombo Womoya Ongenele
Ezikhungweni zemishini ezifakelwe ithuluzi le-pneumatic unclamping system, ukuzinza nokwanela komthombo womoya kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwethuluzi lokukhulula. Umthombo womoya onganele ungase ubangelwe yizizathu ezinjengokwehluleka kwe-compressor yomoya, ukuphuka noma ukuvaleka kwamapayipi omoya, nokulungiswa okungafanele komfutho womthombo womoya. Uma umfutho womthombo womoya unganele, ngeke ukwazi ukunikeza amandla anele ethuluzi lokukhulula ithuluzi, okuholela ekungakwazini kwezingxenye ezifana nesilinda sokushaya ithuluzi ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukungasebenzi kahle kokungakwazi ukukhulula ithuluzi kuzokwenzeka.
(VI) Ukuthintwa Okubi Kwenkinobho Yethuluzi Lokuqaqa
Inkinobho yokukhipha ithuluzi iyingxenye yokusebenza esetshenziswa o-opharetha ukuze kuqalise ithuluzi lokukhipha i-clamping. Uma inkinobho inokuxhumana okungalungile, kungase kuholele ekungakwazini kwesignali yokususa ithuluzi ukuze idluliselwe kusistimu yokulawula ngokuvamile, futhi ngaleyo ndlela umsebenzi wokukhulula ithuluzi awukwazi ukuqaliswa. Ukungathintani kahle kwenkinobho kungase kubangelwe izizathu ezifana ne-oxidation, ukuguga koxhumana nabo bangaphakathi, noma ukwehluleka kwentwasahlobo.
(VII) Amasekhethi Aphukile
Ithuluzi lokulawula i-unclamping yesikhungo somshini sihlanganisa ukuxhuma kwamasekhethi kagesi. Amasekhethi aphukile azoholela ekuphazamisekeni kwamasignali okulawula. Isibonelo, izingxenye ezixhumayo zamasekhethi njenge-valve ye-solenoid yethuluzi kanye nenzwa yesilinda eshaya ithuluzi ingase iphuke ngenxa yokudlidliza kwesikhathi eside, ukuguga, noma ukudonswa amandla angaphandle. Ngemuva kokuthi ama-circuits ephukile, izingxenye ezifanele azikwazi ukuthola amasignali okulawula alungile, futhi umsebenzi wokukhulula ithuluzi awukwazi ukwenziwa ngokujwayelekile.
(VIII) Ukushoda Kwawoyela eNkomishini Yamafutha Yesilinda Eshaya Ithuluzi
Ezikhungweni zomshini ezifakwe isilinda sokushaya ithuluzi le-hydraulic, ukuntuleka kwamafutha enkomishini kawoyela yesilinda eshaya ithuluzi kuzothinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwesilinda sokushaya ithuluzi. Uwoyela onganele uzoholela ekugcobiseni okungekuhle ngaphakathi kwesilinda sokushaya ithuluzi, kwandise ukumelana nokungqubuzana phakathi kwezingxenye, futhi kungase kubangele isilinda sokushaya ithuluzi ukuthi singakwazi ukwakha ukucindezela kawoyela okwanele ukushayela ukunyakaza kwepiston, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukuqhubeka okushelelayo kokusebenza kokukhipha ithuluzi.
(IX) I-Shank Collet Yethuluzi LeKhasimende Ayihlangabezani Nezincazelo Ezidingekayo
Uma i-collet ye-shank yamathuluzi esetshenziswa ikhasimende ingahlangabezani nezincazelo ezidingekayo zesikhungo somshini, izinkinga zingase zenzeke ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhipha ithuluzi. Isibonelo, uma usayizi wekholethi mkhulu kakhulu noma mncane kakhulu, ungabangela izinzipho zokuphotha ukuthi zingakwazi ukubamba kahle noma ukukhulula i-shank yethuluzi, noma ukukhiqiza ukumelana okungavamile ngesikhathi sokuqaqa ithuluzi, okuholela ekuhlulekeni ukukhulula ithuluzi.
IV. Izindlela Zokuxazulula Izinkinga Zokungasebenzi Kwethuluzi Lokuqaqa
(I) Hlola Ukusebenza Kwevalve ye-Solenoid bese Uyimiselela Uma Konakele
Okokuqala, sebenzisa amathuluzi ochwepheshe ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kwe-valve ye-solenoid yethuluzi. Ungabona ukuthi i-valve core ye-solenoid valve isebenza ngokujwayelekile yini uma ivuliwe futhi ivaliwe, noma usebenzise i-multimeter ukuze uhlole ukuthi ingabe inani lokumelana nekhoyili kagesi yevalve ye-solenoid lingaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile. Uma kutholakala ukuthi i-valve core inamathele, ungazama ukuhlanza nokugcina i-valve ye-solenoid ukuze ususe ukungcola nokungcola ebusweni bomgogodla we-valve. Uma ikhoyili ye-electromagnetic isha, ivalve entsha ye-solenoid idinga ukushintshwa. Lapho ushintsha i-valve ye-solenoid, qiniseka ukuthi ukhetha umkhiqizo onemodeli efanayo noma ehambisanayo neyokuqala bese uwufaka ngokwezinyathelo ezifanele zokuwufaka.
(II) Hlola Ukusebenza Kwesilinda Sokushaya Ithuluzi bese Uyishintsha Uma Konakele
Kusilinda esishaya ithuluzi lokuphotha, hlola ukusebenza kwayo kokuvala, ukunyakaza kwepiston, njll. Ungakwazi ukwahlulela kuqala ukuthi ama-seal alimele yini ngokubheka ukuthi kukhona ukuvuza komoya noma ukuvuza kukawoyela ngaphandle kwesilinda esishaya ithuluzi. Uma kukhona ukuvuza, kuyadingeka ukuqaqa isilinda sokushaya ithuluzi bese ubuyisela izimpawu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hlola ukuthi kukhona ukuguga noma ukuguqulwa kwezingxenye ezifana ne-piston ne-piston rod. Uma kunezinkinga, izingxenye ezihambisanayo kufanele zishintshwe ngesikhathi esifanele. Uma ufaka isilinda sokushaya ithuluzi, naka ukulungisa ukushaywa nendawo yepiston ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ifana nezidingo zomsebenzi wokuqaqa ithuluzi.
(III) Hlola Ibanga Lokulimala Kumapuleti Asentwasahlobo bese Uwashintsha Uma Kudingeka
Uma uhlola amapuleti entwasahlobo e-spindle, hlola ngokucophelela ukuthi zikhona yini izimpawu ezisobala zokulimala njengokuphuka noma ukuguqulwa. Ukuze uthole amapuleti entwasahlobo akhubazekile, ungazama ukuwalungisa. Kodwa-ke, kumapuleti asentwasahlobo aphukile, akhubazekile kakhulu, noma abe nokuqina okubuthakathaka, amapuleti amasha asentwasahlobo kufanele ashintshwe. Lapho ushintsha amapuleti entwasahlobo, qaphela ukukhetha ukucaciswa okufanele kanye nezinto zokwakha ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukusebenza kwabo kuhlangabezana nezidingo zesikhungo somshini.
(IV) Bheka ukuthi Izizipho Zokudonsa Ozipho Zisesimeni Esikahle bese Uzishintsha Uma Zonakele noma Zigugile.
Uma uhlola izinzipho zokuphotha, qala ngokubheka ukuthi kukhona ukuguga, ukuphuka, njll. ekubukekeni kwezizipho zokudonsa. Bese usebenzisa amathuluzi akhethekile ukukala ukunemba okulingana phakathi kwezinzipho zokudonsa kanye ne-shank yamathuluzi, njengokuthi ingabe igebe likhulu kakhulu. Uma izinzipho zokudonsa zigqokile, zingalungiswa. Isibonelo, ukunemba kwendawo kungabuyiselwa ngokugaya nezinye izinqubo. Ngezinzipho zokudonsa eziphukile noma eziguge kakhulu futhi ezingalungiseki, izinzipho ezintsha zokudonsa kufanele zishintshwe. Ngemva kokufaka izinzipho zokudonsa, ukulungisa iphutha kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi angakwazi ukulibamba ngendlela efanele futhi alikhulule ithuluzi.
(V) Hlola Ibanga Lokulimala Enkinobho Bese Uyishintsha Uma Konakele
Ngenkinobho yokususa ithuluzi, qaqa igobolondo lenkinobho bese uhlola ukuguga nokuguga koxhumana nabo bangaphakathi kanye nokunwebeka kwentwasahlobo. Uma abathintwayo benziwe i-oxidized, ungasebenzisa i-sandpaper ukupholisha ngobumnene futhi ususe ungqimba lwe-oxide. Uma othintana nabo begugile kakhulu noma intwasahlobo ihluleka, inkinobho entsha kufanele ishintshwe. Lapho ufaka inkinobho, qiniseka ukuthi inkinobho ifakwe ngokuqinile, umuzwa wokusebenza ujwayelekile, futhi ingadlulisela ngokunembile isignali yokunqamula ithuluzi kusistimu yokulawula.
(VI) Hlola ukuthi Amasekhethi Aphukile
Hlola eduze kwamasekhethi okulawula akhipha ithuluzi ukuze ubone ukuthi akhona yini amasekhethi aphukile. Ezingxenyeni ezisolwayo eziphukile, ungasebenzisa i-multimeter ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokuqhubeka. Uma kutholakala ukuthi ama-circuits aphukile, thola indawo ethile yekhefu, unqume ingxenye eyonakele yesifunda, bese usebenzisa amathuluzi okuxhumana ocingo afanelekile njenge-welding noma i-crimping ukuze uwaxhume. Ngemuva kokuxhumeka, sebenzisa izinto zokuvikela ezifana ne-insulating tape ukuze uhlanganise amalunga wesifunda ukuvimbela i-short-circuit nezinye izinkinga.
(VII) Gcwalisa Amafutha Enkomishini Yamafutha Yesilinda Eshaya Ithuluzi
Uma ukungasebenzi kahle kubangelwe ukushoda kwamafutha enkomishini kawoyela yesilinda eshaya ithuluzi, qala ngokuthola indawo yenkomishi kawoyela yesilinda esishaya ithuluzi. Bese usebenzisa uhlobo olushiwo lwamafutha asebenza ngomshini ukugcwalisa uwoyela kancane kancane enkomishini kawoyela ngenkathi ubheka izinga likawoyela enkomishini kawoyela futhi ungeqi isikali somkhawulo esiphezulu senkomishi yamafutha. Ngemva kokugcwalisa uwoyela, qala isikhungo somshini bese wenza izivivinyo ezimbalwa zokusebenza zokungahlanganisi amathuluzi ukuze uwoyela ujikeleze ngokugcwele ngaphakathi kwesilinda sokushaya ithuluzi futhi uqinisekise ukuthi isilinda sokushaya ithuluzi sisebenza ngokujwayelekile.
(VIII) Faka Amaqoqo Ahlangabezana Nezinga
Uma kutholakala ukuthi i-tool shank collet yekhasimende ayihlangabezani nezicaciso ezidingekayo, ikhasimende kufanele laziswe ngesikhathi futhi kudingeke ukuthi lifake esikhundleni sekholi ye-shank yamathuluzi ehlangabezana nokucaciswa okujwayelekile kwesikhungo somshini. Ngemva kokufaka i-collet, hlola ukufakwa kwethuluzi kanye nokusebenza kokukhipha ithuluzi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukungasebenzi kahle kwethuluzi okubangelwa izinkinga zekholethi akusenzeki.
V. Izinyathelo Zokuvimbela Ukungasebenzi Okungalungile Kwethuluzi
Ngaphezu kokukwazi ukuqeda ngokushesha ukungasebenzi kahle kwethuluzi uma kwenzeka, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela kunganciphisa ngempumelelo amathuba okungasebenzi kahle kwethuluzi.
(I) Isondlo Esivamile
Yakha uhlelo lokulungisa oluphusile lwesikhungo somshini futhi uhlole njalo, uhlanze, ugcobe, futhi ulungise izingxenye ezihlobene nokuqaqa ithuluzi. Isibonelo, hlola njalo isimo sokusebenza se-valve ye-solenoid yethuluzi futhi uhlanze umnyombo we-valve; hlola isimo se-seal nesimo sikawoyela sesilinda sokushaya ithuluzi bese ushintsha ngokushesha izimpawu zokuguga bese ugcwalisa uwoyela; hlola ukuguga kwezinzipho zokuphotha okuphothayo kanye namapuleti asentwasahlobo futhi wenze ukulungisa okudingekayo noma ukushintshwa.
(II) Ukusebenza Nokusetshenziswa Okulungile
Abaqhubi kufanele bathole ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe futhi bajwayelane nezinqubo zokusebenza zesikhungo somshini. Phakathi nenqubo yokusebenza, sebenzisa inkinobho yokususa ithuluzi ngendlela efanele futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa kabi. Isibonelo, ungacindezeli ngenkani inkinobho yokususa ithuluzi lapho ithuluzi lizungezisa ukuze ugweme ukulimaza ithuluzi lokususa izintambo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, qaphela ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-shank yamathuluzi kulungile yini futhi uqinisekise ukuthi i-collet ye-shank yamathuluzi ihlangabezana nezincazelo ezidingekayo.
(III) Ukulawulwa Kwemvelo
Gcina indawo yokusebenza yesikhungo somshini ihlanzekile, yomile, futhi isezingeni lokushisa elifanele. Gwema ukungcola okunjengothuli nomswakama ekungeneni ngaphakathi kwethuluzi lokukhulula ithuluzi ukuze uvimbele izingxenye ukuthi zingagqwali, zigqwale, noma zivinjelwe. Lawula izinga lokushisa lendawo yokusebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga elivumelekile lesikhungo somshini ukuze ugweme ukuwohloka kokusebenza noma ukulimala kwezingxenye ezibangelwa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu noma eliphansi kakhulu.
VI. Isiphetho
Ukungasebenzi kahle kwethuluzi ezikhungweni zemishini kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithinta ukusebenza okuvamile kwezikhungo zomshini. Ngokuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwezimbangela ezivamile zokungasebenzi kahle kwethuluzi, okuhlanganisa umonakalo ezingxenyeni ezifana ne-valve ye-solenoid engabambisani, isilinda sokushaya ithuluzi lokuphotha, amapuleti asentwasahlobo, nezinzipho zokudonsa, kanye nezinkinga ezihlobene nemithombo yomoya, izinkinobho, namasekethe, futhi kuhlanganiswe nezindlela ezihambisanayo zokuxazulula izinkinga zezimbangela ezahlukene zokuthola ukungasebenzi kahle, ukutholwa nokufakwa kabusha kukawoyela. ukulungisa ama-circuits, futhi kuhlanganiswe nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukungasebenzi kahle kwethuluzi, njengokugcinwa okuvamile, ukusebenza okulungile nokusetshenziswa, nokulawulwa kwemvelo, ukuthembeka kwethuluzi lokukhulula ezikhungweni zemishini kungathuthukiswa ngempumelelo, amathuba okungasebenzi kahle angancishiswa, ukusebenza kahle nokuzinzile kwezikhungo zemishini kungaqinisekiswa futhi kuthuthukiswe izinga lokukhiqiza, kanye nekhwalithi yokukhiqiza ingathuthukiswa. Abaqhubi kanye nabasebenzi abalungisa izikhungo zemishini kufanele babe nokuqonda okujulile kwalezi zimbangela zokungasebenzi kahle nezisombululo ukuze bakwazi ukuxilonga ngokushesha nangokunembile futhi baphathe ukungasebenzi kahle kwamathuluzi emsebenzini ongokoqobo futhi banikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kokukhiqizwa nokukhiqizwa kwamabhizinisi.